CN101966713A - Method for densifying wood and densified wood - Google Patents
Method for densifying wood and densified wood Download PDFInfo
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- CN101966713A CN101966713A CN2010105226171A CN201010522617A CN101966713A CN 101966713 A CN101966713 A CN 101966713A CN 2010105226171 A CN2010105226171 A CN 2010105226171A CN 201010522617 A CN201010522617 A CN 201010522617A CN 101966713 A CN101966713 A CN 101966713A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for densifying wood and densified wood manufactured by the same. The method comprises: sealing the cross section of wood by using a hydrophobic material, wherein the water content of the wood is less than 12 weight percent; coating softener on the surface and/or shallow layer of the sealed wood; and performing the hot pressing of the wood of which the cross section is sealed and which is coated with the softener at a temperature above the boiling point of the softener to densify the wood. The method for densifying wood can compress the wood to different extent according to needs. The method is simple and easy to operate, requires short time and simple equipment and makes product cost low. The densified wood manufactured by the method of the invention is greatly improved in surface density, hardness and wear resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of timber densification and the densification timber of producing by this method.
Background technology
In order to improve the physical and mechanical property of the soft fast growing wood of low-density, timber is carried out various processing reach common understanding in academia, wherein low-density timber is compressed processing is the major subjects of various countries' scholar's research with the processing method that improves its physical and mechanical property always.At present, the mechanism of China fir, cryptomeria and the compression of poplar material is carried out qualitative research both at home and abroad, inquired into the distortion fixed mechanism of compressed wood.
The method that relevant timber compression is handled and distortion is fixing has a lot, mainly is summed up as two big classes: physical method and chemical method.Wherein chemical method low-molecular-weight water-soluble resin commonly used immerses the surface of desiccated wood, and the top layer recompresses, finalizes the design, obtains surface compressed material after thermoplastic.The employed low-molecular-weight resin of surface compressed material has phenolic resins, melmac, Lauxite, glyoxal resin etc., as adopt modified cyanurotriamide resin as packing material, after timber being carried out vacuum filling processing under certain condition, adopt special process that the timber after filling is carried out hot pressing compression processing and can obtain compressed wood.In the high temperature hot pressing,, make distortion fixing owing between the resin and between the free radical of resin and timber inside the chemical crosslinking effect has taken place.After timber is handled through certain external conditions such as temperature and pressure processing, quality is hard, density is big, intensity is high and its interior tissue is constructed, great change has all taken place physico-mechanical properties, comprise that its mechanical strength strengthens, be out of shape little, wearability, good endurance, thereby improved the performance of timber effectively, improved the value of timber.
Wood science meeting will, 1992,38 (12), put down in writing among the 1119-1125 timber flooded in the resorcinol aqueous solution after, through air-dry,, reach the purpose that reduces tangent loss, raising intensity, reduction hygroscopicity, improves dimensional stability by in formaldehyde vapors, heating.
Liu Junliang is at " phenolic resins is handled poplar, the China fir dimensional stability is analyzed " [J]. timber industry, 200418 (6): reported employing resin impregnating processing artificial forest poplar, China fir among the 5-9, made surperficial densification timber by thermocompression forming technology then.
Liu Yanping is at " modified cyanurotriamide resin is handled the research of poplar densification " [J]. Xibei Forest College's journal, 2009,24 (3): reported in 156～158: adopt modified cyanurotriamide resin to handle poplar, and carry out radially to it that processing of band direction compression compact makes surperficial densification timber.
CN1253291C has reported and has a kind ofly placed 120-200 ℃, the high-pressure steam of 0.2-1.6Mpa to keep 1-60min, the method that cool off then, drying makes modified wood in timber.
Bao Binfu is at " research of artificial forest fast-growing Chinese fir surface impregnation compression compact " [J]. forestry science and technology 2009,34 (6): reported among the 46-50 with low molecular weight water-soluble phenolic resin to make it carry out impregnation process, made surface compressed material through microwave softened, surface compression again.
Adopted formaldehyde in the above-mentioned document, low-molecular-weight resin such as phenolic resins, melmac, Lauxite, glyoxal resin etc. are handled, in the high temperature hot pressing, the chemical crosslinking effect has taken place between the resin and between the free radical of resin and timber inside, make distortion fixing.This method can not obtain densification timber, can only obtain the timber of whole densification, and this can cause timber measurement to reduce greatly undoubtedly, from very uneconomical economically.And, with the cross-linking reaction of low-molecular-weight resin carry out the wood surface densification not only contaminated environment, health is had harm, and cost is higher.Formolite reaction with sulfur dioxide catalysis is also arranged in recent years,, but still pollute the environment, be difficult to realize industrialization although this method has reduced the chemical degradation of timber itself.Therefore, how to be implemented in the process that makes surface compressed material and can not pollute, and technology realizes that easily suitability for industrialized production becomes one of forward position research of common concern environment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that can obtain the timber densification of densification timber.
The invention provides a kind of method of timber densification, this method comprises that (1) seals the cross section of timber with hydrophobic material, and the moisture content of described timber is lower than 12 weight %; (2) wood surface and/or the shallow-layer after will sealing adheres to softening agent, and described softening agent is that water, ammonia, alkaline aqueous solution, boiling point are lower than one or more in 200 ℃ the imines, ketone, ether, alcohol, nitrile, acid amides, ester, carboxylic acid; (3) timber that cross section is sealed afterwards and be attached with softening agent carries out hot pressing more than the boiling temperature of softening agent, makes the timber densification.
The present invention also provides the densification timber of being produced by the method for above-mentioned timber densification.
Timber process densification method provided by the invention is lower than 12 weight % by the moisture content of control timber, and the cross section of timber sealed with hydrophobic material, make wood surface or shallow-layer adhere to hot pressing behind the softening agent with softening agent then, can make the timber densification like this, thereby can be as required timber be carried out in various degree compression, obtain the timber that intensity and wearability are increased to required degree.This shows, the phenolic resins that contains a large amount of formaldehyde that timber process densification method provided by the invention does not need to use prior art to use fully, melmac, Lauxite, glyoxal resin etc. can overcome the serious problem of environmental pollution that prior art production densification timber is brought thus.And the present invention can effectively realize the privileged site stratiform densification of timber by the consumption and the heat time heating time of control softening agent.In addition, compared with prior art, method provided by the invention is not owing to need to use phenolic resins, melmac, Lauxite, glyoxal resin etc., so production cost reduces greatly.Produce the needed time weak point of compressed wood according to method of the present invention, used equipment is simple.
Densification wood surface density, hardness, wearability that the method according to this invention obtains all have greatly increased.Be compressed because compression wood of the present invention is wood surface or part,, can reduce the cost that reduces the compression wood that increases because of timber compression back volume greatly so the loss of the volume of the compression wood that obtains seldom.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the densification timber of a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the densification timber of a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the densification timber of a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the densification timber of a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the densification timber of a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the grenz ray photo of the densification timber of a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 be prior art the grenz ray photo of densification timber.
The specific embodiment
The method of timber densification provided by the invention, this method comprise that (1) seals the cross section of timber with hydrophobic material, and the moisture content of described timber is lower than 12 weight %; (2) wood surface and/or the shallow-layer after will sealing adheres to softening agent, and described softening agent is for being lower than in 200 ℃ the imines, ketone, ether, alcohol, nitrile, acid amides, ester, carboxylic acid one or more for water, ammonia, alkaline aqueous solution and boiling point; (3) timber that cross section is sealed afterwards and be attached with softening agent carries out hot pressing more than the boiling temperature of softening agent, makes the timber densification.
Wherein, described hot pressing is preferably being carried out on hot press.
The present inventor finds, if the cross section with timber does not carry out the hydrophobicity sealing, and directly soak with softening agent or adopt other modes to make softening agent be attached to the timber top layer, heat successively and hot pressing, then softening agent at first infiltrates timber in a large number by cross section, in high temperature and high humidity environment, timber integral body is softened, the position of uncontrollable compression and the scope of compression, cause the timber reduced overall, thereby must improve compression ratio significantly, could effectively improve density, hardness and the wearability of timber.
According to the present invention, although can realize purpose of the present invention as long as the cross section of timber is carried out the hydrophobicity sealing, under the preferable case, with respect to every square metre cross section, the consumption of described hydrophobic material can restrain for 100-1000, is preferably the 200-500 gram.Among the present invention, described cross section adopts the implication of timber field routine, promptly represents the cross section perpendicular to the direction of growth of timber.
According to the present invention, described hydrophobic material can be various hydrophobicity encapsulants, and preferred fusing point is 50-150 ℃ a hydrophobic material, for example, can be paraffin and/or hydrophobic resin, more preferably fusing point is paraffin and/or the thermoplasticity hydrophobic resin below 60-100 ℃.Described thermoplasticity hydrophobic resin for example can be one or more in thermoplasticity hydrophobicity polyurethane resin, thermoplasticity hydrophobicity polyester, the thermoplastic epoxy.Above-mentioned hydrophobicity encapsulant all is available commercially.
According to the present invention, when the moisture content of timber is higher than 12 weight %, can not obtain densification timber.Although the moisture content of timber is low more good more, but the acquisition of the timber that water content is low excessively no matter cost still to be drain on manpower and material resources all bigger, therefore, as long as the moisture content of timber is lower than 12 weight %, in order to obtain compression effectiveness preferably, be preferably the timber of 4-12 weight %, further preferred moisture content is the timber of 5-9 weight %.
It is method for drying wood well known in the art that moisture content of the present invention is lower than the method that the timber of 12 weight % obtains, for example can be for gas is done, in the kiln drying, dielectric drying one or more.
According to the present invention, the adhesion amount of described softening agent can decide according to the decrement of required acquisition, and usually, the decrement of required acquisition is high more, and the amount of described softening agent is big relatively more, and vice versa.Decrement is recently represented in general use compression, and among the present invention, described compression ratio is meant preceding thickness * 100% of (thickness after the thickness-compression before the compression)/compression.For the surface compression of required acquisition than for 10-50% the time, the surface of the timber after the sealing with respect to every square metre, the amount of described softening agent can restrain for 100-1000, preferred 200-500 gram.The surface of the timber after the described sealing is meant that the surface area of the timber after the sealing deducts the area of two cross sections of sealing.
Although by the amount and the heat time heating time of control softening agent, the compression ratio that can realize timber is more than 50%, consider from the angle of cost, generally under the situation that physical properties such as satisfying intensity requires, make compression ratio less as far as possible.
According to timber process densification method provided by the invention, step (2) can realize by the whole bag of tricks, can be the various methods that can make wood surface and/or shallow-layer adhere to softening agent, for example, can realize by following manner: the timber after will sealing is 10-200 ℃ in temperature, be preferably and soak string face and/or the diametric plane injection softening agent that softening agent, the timber after sealing are adhered in 10-14400 minute, preferred 10-300 minute, the timber top layer make sealing in as autoclave under pressurization atmosphere after in 10-30 ℃ the softening agent.
In order to increase the adhesion amount of softening agent at wood surface and/or shallow-layer, can carve wood surface to form little opening at wood surface by drawing, draw the degree of depth to the epidermal area of carving that sees through timber and be as the criterion.
When described step (2) adopts when the timber after the sealing being placed the atmosphere of softening agent be heated to mode more than the boiling temperature of softening solvent, although when the fusing point of hydrophobicity encapsulant is lower than the fusing that this temperature may cause the hydrophobicity encapsulant, but this moment is because the hydrophobic material of fusion can pass through the pore of cross section to the timber internal penetration, the pore of cross section is blocked, thereby still can effectively be played sealing function.Therefore, the fusing point of hydrophobicity encapsulant there is no obvious influence to the adhering to of follow-up softening agent, preheating, pressurization steps.
According to the present invention, described softening agent is for being lower than in 200 ℃ the imines, ketone, ether, alcohol, nitrile, acid amides, ester, carboxylic acid one or more for water, ammonia, alkaline aqueous solution and boiling point.Wherein, described alkaline aqueous solution can be one or more in ammoniacal liquor, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, sodium hydrate aqueous solution, the urea liquid.Described imines is that the oxygen atom on carbonyl such as aldehyde carbonyl or the ketone carbonyl is replaced the class organic compound that the back forms by nitrogen, and general formula is R
1R
2C=NR
3, R wherein
1, R
2And R
3Can be alkyl or hydrogen separately, the present invention be preferably R
1, R
2And R
3The carbon number of respectively doing for oneself is the alkyl of 1-4 or the imines of hydrogen.Described boiling point is lower than 200 ℃ ketone, ether, alcohol, nitrile, acid amides, ester, carboxylic acid type organic solvent for example can be methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butanols, ethylene glycol, glycerine, acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, N, one or more in dinethylformamide, acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, acetonitrile, ether, glycol monoethyl ether, oxirane, expoxy propane, pentane, n-hexane, the cyclohexane.The further preferred described softening agent of the present invention is one or more in water, ammonia, ammoniacal liquor, imines, urea liquid, sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, ethylene glycol, the glycerine.The concentration of described ammoniacal liquor can be 10-40 weight %, and the concentration of described sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, urea liquid can be 20-50 weight % separately.
The present inventor finds, when adopting water to be softening agent, the densification wood surface that obtains is smooth, need not to handle and directly to use through planing, and steam does not have injury to operating personnel, equipment is not had injury yet, and therefore from angle and the equipment and the consideration simple to operate of environmental protection, the most preferred softening agent of the present invention is a water.
The inventor also finds, before the timber that adheres to softening agent carries out hot pressing, carry out the preheating meeting and reach better effect, the temperature of preheating is preferably following 30 ℃ to more than the boiling temperature of softening agent 150 ℃ of the boiling temperature of softening agent, and more preferably the boiling temperature of softening agent is following 10 ℃ to more than the boiling temperature of softening agent 100 ℃.
The present inventor also is surprised to find that, by controlling preheating time, can control the position of densification part in timber, usually, preheating time is long more, and the densification part position in timber is the closer to the thickness direction central authorities of timber, otherwise, preheating time is short more, and the position of densification part in timber is the closer to the thickness direction surface of timber.Because timber needs to exclude the part of top layer 0.5-1.5 millimeter usually before use, therefore for the densification part is excluded, controlling densification usually partly is apart from the part more than the wood surface 0.5-1.5 millimeter.The present inventor finds that also the time of control preheating is 10-240 second, is preferably 10-30 second, can realize that densification partly is apart from the part more than the tangential surperficial 0.5-1.5 millimeter of timber.Among the present invention, the thickness direction of timber is meant the hot pressing direction of timber.
Distribution by the wood surface of control softening agent after sealing can realize the control that densification is partly distributed.For example, when the surrounded surface of the timber of control softening agent after sealing evenly distributes, control heat time heating time, can obtain the densification part of ring-type; When a surface of the control timber of softening agent after sealing evenly distributes, by control heat time heating time or use when having only a pressing plate, can obtain a banded densification part as the hot press of hot plate; The control softening agent by control heat time heating time, can obtain two relatively and very banded densification parts of symmetry when two facing surfaces of timber evenly distribute.
Among the present invention, described preheating places on the pressing plate of hot press by the timber after will sealing, the wood surface that is attached with softening agent is fully contacted with pressing plate, heating afterwards, can make the softening agent attached to wood surface and/or shallow-layer enter timber inside fast, soften timber inside to the part, and directly pressurization can realize hot pressing afterwards, can obtain the bigger densification timber of desired location density after the hot pressing.The temperature of preheating is preferably identical with the temperature of hot pressing.In this case, the difference of preheating and hot pressing only is whether pressurize, if do not pressurize, then is preheating, if pressurization then is hot pressing.
According to the present invention, the timber elder generation preheating by being attached with softening agent after will sealing, then wood surface is carried out hot pressing and promptly can obtain densification timber.The condition of described hot pressing makes that preferably the compression ratio of timber is 10-50%, 15-30% more preferably, the condition of described hot pressing comprises that the direction of hot pressing can be any direction, be preferably timber radially, hot pressing pressure can be 10-25MPa, hot pressing temperature can be below the boiling temperature of softening agent 30 ℃ to more than the boiling temperature of softening agent 150 ℃, and the speed of hot pressing can be 0.1-2mm/s.When described softening agent was water, the temperature of described preheating and the temperature of hot pressing preferably were the temperature in the 120-300 ℃ of scope.
Further under the preferable case, method provided by the invention also comprises the timber after the hot pressing was kept 10-360 minute under hot pressing temperature, preferred 30-60 minute.
In theory, method provided by the invention can be carried out densification to any timber, and described timber can be sheet material, also can be sawn timber, described sheet material can for tangential plate, radial plate and tangential and radially between sheet material at any angle, but be preferably tangential plate.
Described timber is preferably density less than 0.8g/cm
3Softwood and/or in the broadleaf one or more, 0.3-0.5g/cm more preferably
3Softwood and/or broadleaf.Be preferably poplar or China fir especially.
In theory, timber process densification method provided by the invention can be used for the timber of all thickness is carried out densification, but under the preferable case, the thickness of described timber is 1-30 centimetre, is preferably 1-10 centimetre, and more preferably the thickness of timber is 2-5 centimetre.
Shown in Fig. 1-5, the densification timber that obtains according to timber process densification method of the present invention comprises dense layer 1 and dense layer 2 not, and the density of dense layer 1 wherein is greater than the density of dense layer 2 not, and the material of the material of dense layer 1 and dense layer 2 not is identical.
According to the present invention, described dense layer 1 and not the density contrast of dense layer 2 be generally 0.1-0.6 gram/cubic centimetre, be preferably 0.2-0.5 gram/cubic centimetre.
Under the preferable case, the density of described dense layer 1 is 0.3-1.2 gram/cubic centimetre, and the density of dense layer 2 is not 0.2-0.8 gram/cubic centimetre; More preferably the density of dense layer 1 is 0.8-1.0 gram/cubic centimetre, and the density of dense layer 2 is not 0.3-0.5 gram/cubic centimetre.
According to the present invention, described dense layer can be various layer structures, and its section configuration can be rectangle (as Figure 1-3), annular (as shown in Figure 4) or circle (as shown in Figure 5).
Described dense layer is the 0-1/2 of the gross thickness of this densification timber, more preferably 1/8-1/4 apart from the minimum range of described densification wood surface.Be that described dense layer can also can be positioned at the center of this densification timber for being positioned at the one or more surfaces except that cross section of this densification timber, can also be between said two devices.Among the present invention, thickness be meant densification timber pass along a surface of this densification timber dense layer 1 and not dense layer 2 to the distance between another relative surface.Described densification timber can be tangential plate, also can be radial plate, can also be tangential and radially between the sheet material of any direction.
According to the present invention, described dense layer 1 and not dense layer 2 can be one or more layers separately.
Under the preferable case, described dense layer 1 is at least one deck, not dense layer 2 be at least two-layer, and dense layer 1 and not dense layer 2 alternately arrange.
Further under the preferable case, described dense layer 1 is one deck, and dense layer 2 is not two-layer, and dense layer 1 is between two-layer not dense layer 2.
According to first kind of embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the section configuration of described dense layer 1 is a rectangle, and described dense layer 1 is two-layer, and two-layer dense layer lays respectively at two surfaces of timber, and dense layer 2 is not distributed in the dense layer 1.According to this embodiment, the gross thickness of described dense layer can be 1 with the thickness ratio of described not dense layer: 60-1: 0.5, and further the thickness of preferred dense layer is 1 with the thickness ratio of dense layer not: 20-1: 0.1.The thickness of one deck dense layer can equate with the thickness of another layer dense layer, also can be unequal.
According to second kind of embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the section configuration of described dense layer 1 is a rectangle, and described dense layer 1 is one deck, described not dense layer 2 is two-layer, and described dense layer 1 also is that described dense layer distributes not in the dense layer between two-layer not dense layer 2.The thickness of described dense layer 1 can be 1 with the thickness ratio of described not dense layer 2: 60-1: 0.5, and further the thickness of preferred dense layer is 1 with the thickness ratio of dense layer not: 20-1: 0.1.Described dense layer 1 can be positioned at the centre of described densification timber, also can be in the centre to the optional position between the densification wood surface.Concrete, described dense layer 1 can be the 0-1/2 of the gross thickness of this densification timber, more preferably 1/8-1/4 apart from the minimum range of described densification wood surface.
According to the third embodiment of the present invention, described dense layer 1 and not dense layer 2 can be one deck only all, the thickness of described dense layer can be 1 with the thickness ratio of described not dense layer: 60-1: 0.5.
According to the 4th kind of embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, the section configuration of described dense layer 1 is a rectangle, and described dense layer 1 and not dense layer 2 be multilayer (shown in Fig. 3 respectively is 2 layers), and described dense layer and not dense layer alternately arrange.The gross thickness of described dense layer 1 can be 1 with the gross thickness ratio of described not dense layer 1: 60-1: 0.5, and further the thickness of preferred dense layer is 1 with the thickness ratio of dense layer not: 20-1: 0.1.The thickness of each layer dense layer 1 can be identical, also can be different, and the thickness of dense layer 2 can be not identical for each layer, can be different yet.The minimum range of every layer of described densification wood surface of described dense layer distance is the 0-1/2 of the gross thickness of this densification timber, more preferably 1/8-1/4.
Above-mentioned four kinds of embodiments mainly are applicable to square sheet material.
According to the 5th kind of embodiment of the present invention, for cylindrical timber, as shown in Figure 4, the section of described dense layer 1 is an annular, and dense layer 2 is not circular, and dense layer 1 circumferentially distributes in the form of a ring along densification timber, and promptly dense layer 2 is not distributed in the dense layer 1.
According to the 6th kind of embodiment of the present invention, for cylindrical timber, as shown in Figure 5, the section of described dense layer 1 is circular, and dense layer 2 is not an annular, and dense layer 2 does not circumferentially distribute in the form of a ring along densification timber, and promptly dense layer 1 is distributed in the dense layer 2.
According to the present invention, the distance of the described densification wood surface of described dense layer distance is generally the 0-1/2 of the gross thickness of this densification timber, more preferably 1/8-1/4.
Under the preferable case, along this densification timber radially, the thickness of described dense layer is 1 with the thickness ratio of described not dense layer: 60-1: 0.5, and further the thickness of preferred dense layer is 1 with the thickness ratio of dense layer not: 20-1: 0.1.
The kind and the character of described timber describe in detail in preamble, do not repeat them here.
According to the present invention, described densification timber is preferably tangential plate and/or radial plate.
The present invention will be described in detail below by specific embodiment.
This embodiment is used to illustrate timber process densification method provided by the invention and the densification timber that is obtained by the method for this timber densification.
The artificial forest poplar made be of a size of 400mm (length) * 100mm (wide) * 20mm (thick), moisture content is that the cross section (i.e. two end faces) of the tangential sheet material of 7 weight % is 60 ℃ paraffin sealing with fusing point, the paraffin consumption is 1.09 grams, sheet material after will sealing then soaked 60 minutes in 20 ℃ water, (one deck water is adhered on the sheet material top layer to take out sheet material, the adhesion amount of water is 27.93 grams) place and carry out preheating on the hot press, preheat temperature is 180 ℃, be 30 seconds preheating time, afterwards radially two-sided the exerting pressure of the sheet material after the preheating carried out hot pressing, the compression ratio of hot pressing is 25%, hot pressing temperature is 180 ℃, hot pressing pressure is 20MPa, hot pressing speed is 1 mm/second, under this temperature, kept 30 minutes afterwards, can obtain densification timber.Observe and measure the end face of this densification timber by naked eyes and grenz ray microdensitometry mode, find that the densification part apart from top layer 0.5mm, is the zonal distribution pattern of basic symmetry up and down, the structural representation of this densification timber as shown in Figure 3.
Comparative Examples 1
Method according to embodiment 1 is carried out the timber densification, and different is, the moisture content of sheet material is 13%, and obtaining compression ratio is 25% densification timber, can not distinguish dense layer and dense layer not.
Comparative Examples 2
Method according to embodiment 1 is carried out the timber densification, and different is, sheet material is not sealed, and obtaining compression ratio is 25% densification timber, can not distinguish dense layer and dense layer not, and the grenz ray photo of this densification timber as shown in Figure 7.As can be seen from Figure 7, the density of this densification timber each several part does not have difference substantially.
Comparative Examples 3
Method according to embodiment 1 is carried out the timber densification, and different is, water is that 412-420 ℃ atoleine replaces by the boiling range of identical weight.Found that can not obtain compression ratio is 25% densification timber.
This embodiment is used to illustrate timber process densification method provided by the invention and the densification timber that is obtained by the method for this timber densification.
The artificial forest poplar made be of a size of 400mm (length) * 100mm (wide) * 20mm (thick), moisture content is that the cross section fusing point of the tangential sheet material of 7 weight % is 60 ℃ of paraffin sealings, paraffin consumption 1.18 grams, sheet material after will sealing then soaked 120 minutes in 20 ℃ water, (one deck water is adhered on the sheet material top layer to take out sheet material then, the adhesion amount of water is 32.9 grams) place on the hot press and heat, preheat temperature is 180 ℃, be 20 seconds preheating time, afterwards the sheet material after the preheating is radially carried out hot pressing, hot pressing temperature is 180 ℃, hot pressing pressure is 16MPa, hot pressing speed is 2 mm/second, kept afterwards 70 minutes, and can obtain compression ratio and be 25% densification timber.Observe the end face of this densification timber by naked eyes and grenz ray microdensitometry mode, find that the densification part at wood surface, is banded uniformly distributing case, the structural representation of this densification timber as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 3
This embodiment is used to illustrate timber process densification method provided by the invention and the densification timber that is obtained by the method for this timber densification.
The artificial forest poplar made be of a size of 400mm * 100mm * 30mm, moisture content is that the diametric plane of 9% radially sheet material is with liquid thermoplastic epoxy resin (available from Jiangsu three lignify workers), consumption is 1.68 grams, sheet material after will sealing then soaked 20 minutes in 20 ℃ water, (one deck water is adhered on the sheet material top layer to take out sheet material then, the adhesion amount of water is 9.3 grams) place and carry out preheating on the hot press, preheat temperature is 150 ℃, be 30 seconds preheating time, afterwards the sheet material after the heating is radially carried out hot pressing, hot pressing temperature is 150 ℃, hot pressing pressure is 20MPa, hot pressing speed is 0.5 mm/second, kept afterwards 150 minutes, and can obtain compression ratio and be 33.3% densification timber.Observe the end face of this densification timber by naked eyes and grenz ray microdensitometry mode, find that the densification part apart from top layer 1mm, is the zonal distribution pattern, the structural representation of this densification timber as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 4
This embodiment is used to illustrate timber process densification method provided by the invention and the densification timber that is obtained by the method for this timber densification.
Method according to embodiment 1 is carried out the timber densification, and different is, softening agent replaces water by ethylene glycol, and obtaining compression ratio is 25% densification timber.Observe the end face of this densification timber by naked eyes and grenz ray microdensitometry, be found to be the densification part apart from top layer 0.5mm, be zonal distribution, but obtain the wood pattern of surface irregularity after the compression, the structural representation of this densification timber as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 5
This embodiment is used to illustrate timber process densification method provided by the invention and the densification timber that is obtained by the method for this timber densification.
Method according to embodiment 1 is carried out the timber densification, and different is, the direct plate surface spray water after sealing, and the amount of sprinkling makes that the amount of the water that plate surface adheres to is 6.5 grams, obtaining compression ratio is 25% densification timber.Observe the end face of this densification timber by naked eyes and grenz ray microdensitometry, be found to be the densification part apart from top layer 1mm, be the pattern of zonal distribution, the structural representation of this densification timber as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 6
This embodiment is used to illustrate timber process densification method provided by the invention and the densification timber that is obtained by the method for this timber densification.
Method according to embodiment 1 is carried out the timber densification, and different is, be 240 seconds the heat time heating time before the hot pressing, obtains compression ratio and be 25% center densification timber.Observe the end face of this densification timber by naked eyes and grenz ray microdensitometry mode, find that densification partly is positioned at the centre of diametric plane and cross section, be the zonal distribution pattern, and by measuring, densification is partly for to be positioned at apart from the tangential surperficial 7 millimeters position of timber, the structural representation of this densification timber as shown in Figure 2, the grenz ray photo is as shown in Figure 6.The density that can significantly find out this densification timber mid portion from Fig. 6 is different with the density of both sides, and wherein the part that density is bigger is the central authorities that dense layer 1 is positioned at this densification timber substantially.
Embodiment 7
This embodiment is used to illustrate timber process densification method provided by the invention and the densification timber that is obtained by the method for this timber densification.
Method according to embodiment 1 is carried out the timber densification, and different is, testing employed seeds is China fir, obtains compression ratio and be 25% densification timber.Observe the end face of this densification timber by naked eyes and grenz ray microdensitometry, find that densification partly is the surface of zonal distribution in densification timber, the structural representation of this densification timber as shown in Figure 3.
Performance test
Board dimension detects in the following manner: when the timber densification was handled, the final thickness with finger gauge control densification calculated compression ratio.
Density measurement: the density that adopts grenz ray density analysis method METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION timber cross section.Mechanics performance determining: the mensuration of carrying out case hardness with reference to GB GB1941-2009.The mechanical property result of the sheet material that sheet material that the foregoing description 1-7 obtains and Comparative Examples 1-3 obtain is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
From the result of last table 1 as can be seen, the density and hardness that the densification timber of timber process densification method provided by the invention production is compressed part all is significantly increased, and be compressed part and can be controlled at surface and top layer, comparative example 4 and 1 finds, other softening agent (as ethylene glycol) also can be realized purpose of the present invention, but the out-of-flatness of densification wood surface, effect is than water difference; Embodiment 1 can be found relatively with Comparative Examples 1 Comparative Examples 1 is because the moisture content of the preceding timber of densification not below 12 weight %, causes the densification effect relatively poor; Embodiment 1 can be found relatively with Comparative Examples 2 Comparative Examples 2 is owing to seal not within the scope of the invention, cause the densification timber effect that obtains relatively poor; Embodiment 1 can be found relatively with Comparative Examples 3 Comparative Examples 3 is because heating-up temperature less than the boiling temperature of softening agent, not within the scope of the invention, causes the densification timber effect that obtains relatively poor.
Claims (11)
1. the method for a timber densification is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) cross section with timber seals with hydrophobic material, and the moisture content of described timber is lower than 12 weight %;
(2) wood surface and/or the shallow-layer after will sealing adheres to softening agent, and described softening agent is that water, ammonia, alkaline aqueous solution and boiling point are lower than one or more in 200 ℃ the imines, ketone, ether, alcohol, nitrile, acid amides, ester, carboxylic acid;
(3) timber that cross section is sealed afterwards and be attached with softening agent carries out hot pressing more than the boiling temperature of softening agent, makes the timber densification.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described hydrophobic material is paraffin and/or hydrophobic resin, the consumption of described hydrophobic material be 100-1000 gram/square metre.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, step (2) realizes by any one or multiple combination in the following manner: the timber after will sealing soaks in temperature is 10-200 ℃ softening agent, softening agent is adhered on the timber top layer after making sealing under the pressurization atmosphere, the string face of the timber after sealing sprays softening agent.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein, with respect to the wood surface after every square metre of sealing, the adhesion amount of softening agent is the 100-1000 gram.
5. according to any described method among the claim 1-4, wherein, described softening agent is one or more in water, ammonia, ammoniacal liquor, imines, sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, urea liquid, ethylene glycol, the glycerine.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, this method also is included in before the hot pressing, with the described timber preheating on hot press that seals the back and be attached with softening agent, the temperature of preheating is following 30 ℃ to more than the boiling temperature of softening agent 150 ℃ of the boiling temperature of softening agent, and be 10-240 second preheating time.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, the condition of described hot pressing comprises that hot pressing speed is the 0.1-2 mm/second, hot pressing temperature be the boiling temperature of described softening solvent following 30 ℃ to above 150 ℃ of the boiling temperature of described softening solvent, hot pressing pressure is 10-25MPa.
8. method according to claim 7, wherein, described softening agent is a water, the temperature of described preheating and the temperature of hot pressing are the temperature in the 120-300 ℃ of scope.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein, described timber is that density is less than 0.8g/cm
3Softwood and/or broadleaf.
10. method according to claim 9, wherein, this method also comprises the timber after the hot pressing was kept 10-360 minute under hot pressing temperature.
11. the densification timber that makes by any described method among the claim 1-10.
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