CN101965792B - Peach garden using landscape plants to control peach tree pests - Google Patents
Peach garden using landscape plants to control peach tree pests Download PDFInfo
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- CN101965792B CN101965792B CN2010102839268A CN201010283926A CN101965792B CN 101965792 B CN101965792 B CN 101965792B CN 2010102839268 A CN2010102839268 A CN 2010102839268A CN 201010283926 A CN201010283926 A CN 201010283926A CN 101965792 B CN101965792 B CN 101965792B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gardens, in particular to a peach garden using landscape plants to control peach tree pests, which comprises a plurality of landscape cells, wherein each landscape cell comprises an internal function zone and a marginal function radiation zone, the internal function zone is a square of which the length of each side is 60-80 meters, marginal function radiation belts of 5-8 meters are arranged around the peach garden, sunflowers and ageratum conyzoides are alternately planted beside peach tree rows in the peach garden, and trifolium repens and lucernes are carpeted under peach trees. The invention provides a method for constructing a novel ecological and landscape peach garden environment. The invention can control peach tree pests based on the targeted selection and the reasonable arrangement of varieties of plants, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing the using amount of pesticide and improving the safety of fruit products. The plants concerned in the invention are all indigenous plants in East China, and the method has the advantages of simple and practicable operation and low cost and is suitable for implementation in East China, especially Shanghai region.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the peach garden that a kind of gardens technology field utilizes plants configuration, specifically, is a kind of peach garden that utilizes landscape plant prevention and control peach insect pest design.
Background technology
Along with the raising of constant development of economy and living standards of the people, people day by day improve for demand and the quality requirement of peach, and then make the non-environmental pollution control of peach insect pest become the trend of the times that peach produces.The State Administration of Forestry clearly proposes to carry out non-harmful Prevention Technique energetically, and promoting preventing and controlling is the main right-about that is converted into based on biological control from chemical control.By the transformation of this controlling mode, can alleviating for a long time, peach produces to original Ecosystem System Influence and destruction the coexistence of enhancing harmony between man and nature.
Peach is one of important agricultural products of suburb of Shanghai, also is the important component part in the middle of people live, and very great demand is arranged.But in the middle of the peach production process in present Shanghai, exist yield poorly, ropy problem, influence further developing of peach industry.Tracing it to its cause, mainly is because the control of damage by disease and insect is unfavorable, too relies on the large tracts of land of chemical pesticide to use, and causes insect to develop immunity to drugs and problem such as residue of pesticide, and annual loss is very serious.For this reason, drop into sizable manpower financial capacity about scientific research department is annual and carry out the research of peach insect pest non-environmental pollution control and put into practice work, obtained certain effect.Proposing in this case to utilize landscape plant to carry out the prevention and control of peach damage by disease and insect, carry out the non-environmental pollution control pattern, is to promote rural ecological to stablize, get agricultural profit and the important means of landscaping.
Through being retrieved, prior art finds, Yang Jingwei is at " generation of park and garden design and damage by disease and insect " (classical Chinese garden, 2003), victory of horse and Jia Yunyun are in " the sick worm non-environmental pollution control of peach new technology " (Hebei fruit tree, 2003) all have to mention and utilize the reasonable disposition of plant that plant pest is controlled, interaction to relevant damage by disease and insect between the plant is described, and plant collocation pattern has been proposed suggestion.Dong Jie is at " the peach garden sward is to the influence of peach leaf miner and natural enemy thereof " (the 5th Beijing International Seminar on Biodiversity Preservation and Hi-tech Application; 2006); Zheng Xiaohu etc. have pair peach garden to cover the research of grass in effect aspect the peach insect pest control in " spending the Primary Study of clover to peach garden insect control action in vain " (Shandong agricultural science, 2009).But the construction method of a complete plants landscape system is not proposed all.In further retrieving, find identical with theme of the present invention or similar bibliographical information as yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of peach garden that utilizes landscape plant prevention and control peach insect pest design at the deficiencies in the prior art and Shanghai area peach Pest management demand and characteristics.The present invention makes up the peach garden environment of a bio-diversity height, beautification of landscape, makes the insect pest in the peach garden be controlled by pharmaceutical means non-chemically, realizes that the minimizing of peach garden agricultural chemicals is used, and improves quality and the edible safety of peach.
Through investigation, the main insect pest of Shanghai area peach is three kinds of dichocrocis punctiferalis, peach leaf miner, oriental fruit moth.In order to realize utilizing the purpose of landscape plant control peach insect pest, the present invention chooses the plant that the main insect pest of above-mentioned peach is had control action: sunflower, alfalfa, spend 13 plant species such as clover, Japanese plum, tree-of-heaven, China tree in vain.In the peach garden, these plants and other view plants are planted according to, certain proportion and configuration mode.
The present invention is made up of a plurality of landscape cells, and each landscape cell comprises built-in function district and limbic function radiation area two parts.The built-in function district is a square, and the length of side is a 60-80 rice, is provided with 5-8 rice limbic function radiation zone around the peach garden, and the inner peach in peach garden replaces inter-planting sunflower and Ageratum conyzoides in the ranks, and the full down shop of peach is spent clover and alfalfa in vain.
Described built-in function district plants configuration is divided into two parts: be specially peach and replace inter-planting sunflower and Ageratum conyzoides in the ranks; Peach tree plantation is down spent clover and alfalfa in vain.
Described built-in function district peach line space is a 4-5 rice, big, the kind early of blooming of short bar, the dish that sunflower is chosen height 1.5-1.8 rice, plantation spacing 1.5-2 rice, Ageratum conyzoides strip width 0.5-0.8 rice, planting density 9-16 strain/m2.
Described built-in function district tree plantation is down spent clover and alfalfa in vain, and density is full shop.Alfalfa: spend the clover area in vain than=3: 1, wherein spend the more close peach tree root of clover plantation in vain, alfalfa is planted relatively away from the peach root, annual sowing mid-March, after the peach results, results are also used as green manure, are convenient to other crops of crop rotation.
Described limbic function radiation zone is designed to three layers, is specially:
Megaphanerophyte is the upper strata: height 4-5 rice, crown density 50%-60%; The upper-layer functionality plant: upper strata landscape plant quantity is than=6: 4, and aiphyllium: deciduous tree quantity is than=5: 5;
Dungarunga is the middle level: height 2-3 rice, crown density 30%-40%; The middle level functional plants: middle level landscape plant quantity is than=5: 5, and evergreen dungarunga: defoliation small arbor quantity is than=6: 4;
Shrub, by being lower floor: highly＜1 meter, crown density 80%-90%; Lower floor's functional plants: lower floor's landscape plant=6: 4, shrub: the draft area is than=2: 8.
Described upper-layer functionality plant comprises: Chinese tallow tree, China tree, the intermingle of tree-of-heaven equal proportion;
Described upper strata landscape plant comprises: beech tree, southern magnolia, glossy privet, the intermingle of Luan Shu equal proportion.
Functional plants comprises in the described middle level: cloves, Japanese plum, the intermingle of crape myrtle equal proportion, wherein Japanese plum plantation spacing is a 25-30 rice.
Described middle level landscape plant comprises: bedleaf cherry plum, sweet osmanthus, the intermingle of pomegranate equal proportion.
Described lower floor functional plants comprises: sunflower, Ageratum conyzoides, alfalfa, spend clover, the intermingle of rape equal proportion in vain.
Described lower floor landscape plant comprises: safflower continue wood, melon seeds Chinese littleleaf box, peach jaurel, photinia glabra, India canna, the intermingle of beautiful oenothera erythrosepala equal proportion.
Described limbic function radiation zone megaphanerophyte highly is a 4-5 rice, with the inner peach distance in peach garden be 3-5 rice.
The effect power that the present invention controls the peach insect pest according to different plants is divided into Three Estate (as shown in table 1) with the plant of planting, and lists file names with and avoids plant species as the 4th grade.Based on one-level (functional) plant, as auxiliary, and cooperate three grades of (view) plants of plantation with secondary (weak functional) plant, avoid kind of a level Four (avoiding kind) plant, accomplish that insect pest control and beautification of landscape are integrated.
Concrete configuration of the present invention is:
1. should be square according to peach garden of the present invention landscape cell, the built-in function district length of side is a 60-80 rice, is provided with 5-8 rice limbic function radiation zone around the peach garden.The function radiation scope that so can guarantee the functional plants in the limbic function radiation zone covers whole peach garden scope, has guaranteed the reasonable distribution that the peach garden produces land used and land use for greening simultaneously.
2. function radiation zone central authorities are tree zone (canopy width 3-4 rice), both sides are followed successively by dungarunga band (width 1.5-2 rice), shrub zone (width 0.5-1 rice) and herbaceous plant band (width 1-2 rice), the low form in high both sides in the middle of radiation zone integral body is forms view in the radiation zone both sides and looks face.
3. radiation zone center arbor highly is a 4-5 rice, and the inner peach distance in arbor and peach garden remains on 3-5 rice, prevents that planting technique from influencing the peach normal illumination.
4. sporadicly plant Japanese plum in the radiation zone dungarunga, the plantation spacing is a 25-30 rice.Unsuitable planting density is too high, prevents to influence each other with peach.
5. built-in function district peach line-spacing 4-5 rice guarantees peach normal growth space, replaces inter-planting sunflower and Ageratum conyzoides band simultaneously in the ranks.Wherein sunflower should be chosen because of short bar (height 1.5-1.8 rice), big, the kind early of blooming of dish, cultivates spacing 1.5-2 rice, sowing in the first tenday period of a month in April.Ageratum conyzoides strip width 0.5-0.8 rice, planting density 9-16 strain/m
2, sowing in the first tenday period of a month in April.
6. built-in function district peach is planted alfalfa down and spends clover in vain, and planting density is full shop.Wherein spend the more close peach tree root of clover plantation in vain, alfalfa is planted relatively away from the peach root, is beneficial to spend in vain clover and spends summer high temperature.Annual sowing mid-March, (after the peach results) are gathered in the crops and are used as green manure after autumn, are convenient to other crops of crop rotation.
7. (in 1000 meters scopes) avoid planting pear tree near the peach garden plantation section, prevent to influence each other to increase the weight of insect pest danger.
The present invention has made up the novel peach garden ecotope of an ecology, landscape.Utilize pointed floristics and reasonable configuration pattern, the peach insect pest is controlled.The decrement that reaches agricultural chemicals is used, and improves the purpose of peach quality.Plants configuration comprises limbic function radiation zone and built-in function district, and two parts complement one another, and forms the complete peach insect pest plant hierarchy of control.The floristics that the present invention relates to is all the East China indigenous plant, and method is simple, cost is lower, is adapted at the East China and carries out, and especially is fit to the area, Shanghai.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 landscape cell plantation general layout floor map.
Fig. 2 limbic function radiation zone cropping pattern sectional schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 built-in function district cropping pattern sectional schematic diagram
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is further described.Following examples do not constitute limitation of the invention.
Selected floristics, Performance Level and function principle are as shown in table 2 as the foundation of selecting plant and configuration mode in the configuration mode of the present invention:
Table 2
Embodiment:
Present embodiment is implemented under following implementation condition and specification requirement condition:
1. built the about 5000m of area in orchard, town, new field, Shanghai City village according to this method
2The ecoscape orchard.
2. the peach garden view comprises: around the peach garden 5m isolation buffer band and peach in the ranks, tree plants configuration down.
3. cushioning that the isolation strip is divided into is three levels
Upper strata (megaphanerophyte): height 4-5 rice, crown density 50%.Functional plants: landscape plant=6: 4 (quantity ratio), aiphyllium: deciduous tree=4: 6 (quantity ratio).Described functional plants comprises: Chinese tallow tree, China tree, tree-of-heaven; Described landscape plant comprises: fragrant camphor tree, southern magnolia, glossy privet.
Middle level (dungarunga): height 2-3 rice, crown density 40%.Functional plants: landscape plant=5: 5 (quantity ratio), evergreen dungarunga: defoliation small arbor=5: 5 (quantity ratio).Described functional plants comprises: cloves, Japanese plum, crape myrtle.Described landscape plant comprises: bedleaf cherry plum, sweet osmanthus, pomegranate.Wherein Japanese plum plantation spacing is 25 meters.
Lower floor (shrub, by): crown density 90%.Functional plants: landscape plant=6: 4, shrub: draft=3: 7 (area ratio).Described functional plants comprises: sunflower, Ageratum conyzoides, alfalfa, spend clover, rape in vain.Described landscape plant comprises: safflower continue wood, melon seeds Chinese littleleaf box, peach jaurel, photinia glabra, India canna, beautiful oenothera erythrosepala.
4. the inner plants configuration in peach garden comprises two parts
Peach is in the ranks: peach is inter-planting sunflower and Ageratum conyzoides in the ranks, and sunflower highly is a 1.5-1.8 rice, and the plantation spacing is 2 meters; Ageratum conyzoides highly is a 0.4-0.5 rice, and planting density is 16 strains/m
2
Under the peach: clover and two kinds of herbages of alfalfa are spent in plantation in vain under the peach, and planting density is full shop, alfalfa: spend clover=3: 1 (area ratio) in vain, wherein spend clover in vain relatively near the peach root, alfalfa is relatively away from the peach root.
According to above design, reduce about 30% through primary pest (dichocrocis punctiferalis, oriental fruit moth and peach leaf miner) generating capacity in the investigation peach garden, the generating capacity of main natural enemy (ladybug, spider and Chrysopa) increases about 25%, and about in advance 15 days of occurrence in peak period has reached the effect of control peach insect pest.
Claims (1)
1. peach garden that utilizes landscape plant prevention and control peach insect pest design, it is characterized in that, form by a plurality of landscape cells, each landscape cell comprises built-in function district and limbic function radiation zone two parts, the built-in function district is a square, the length of side is a 60-80 rice, is provided with 5-8 rice limbic function radiation zone around the built-in function district;
Described built-in function district plants configuration is divided into two parts: be specially peach and replace inter-planting sunflower and Ageratum conyzoides in the ranks; Peach tree plantation is down spent clover and alfalfa in vain;
Described limbic function radiation zone is designed to three layers, is specially:
Megaphanerophyte is the upper strata: height 4-5 rice, crown density 50%-60%; The upper-layer functionality plant: upper strata landscape plant quantity is than=6: 4, and aiphyllium: deciduous tree quantity is than=5: 5;
Dungarunga is the middle level: height 2-3 rice, crown density 30%-40%; The middle level functional plants: middle level landscape plant quantity is than=5: 5, and evergreen dungarunga: defoliation small arbor quantity is than=6: 4;
Shrub, by being lower floor: highly＜1 meter, crown density 80%-90%; Lower floor's functional plants: lower floor's landscape plant=6: 4, shrub: the draft area is than=2: 8;
Described built-in function district peach line space is a 4-5 rice, and sunflower is chosen height 1.5-1.8 rice, plantation spacing 1.5-2 rice; Ageratum conyzoides strip width 0.5-0.8 rice, planting density 9-16 strain/m
2Clover and alfalfa, alfalfa are spent in plantation in vain: spend the clover area in vain than=3: 1;
Described upper-layer functionality plant comprises: Chinese tallow tree, China tree, the intermingle of tree-of-heaven equal proportion; The upper strata landscape plant comprises: beech tree, southern magnolia, glossy privet, the intermingle of Luan Shu equal proportion;
Described middle level functional plants comprises: cloves, Japanese plum, the intermingle of crape myrtle equal proportion; The middle level landscape plant comprises: bedleaf cherry plum, sweet osmanthus, the intermingle of pomegranate equal proportion, and wherein Japanese plum plantation spacing is a 25-30 rice;
Described lower floor functional plants comprises: sunflower, Ageratum conyzoides, alfalfa, spend clover, the intermingle of rape equal proportion in vain; Lower floor's landscape plant comprises: safflower continue wood, melon seeds Chinese littleleaf box, peach jaurel, photinia glabra, India canna, the intermingle of beautiful oenothera erythrosepala equal proportion;
The inner peach distance in described limbic function radiation zone and peach garden is a 3-5 rice.
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| CN103563606A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-02-12 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | Photinia fraseri single-stem seedling and spherical seedling alternate planting technology |
| CN105076087A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-11-25 | 柳州市园林科学研究所 | Environment-friendly preventing and controlling method of diseases and pests of garden plants |
| CN107466744A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-15 | 界首市方辉家庭农场 | A kind of peach pest control method |
| CN109089822A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-28 | 盐城市鹤鸣轩生态农业发展有限公司 | The implantation methods of orchard interplanting tawny daylily and Chinese milk vetch |
| CN109451904B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2022-04-15 | 杭州稻道农业科技有限公司 | Farmland structure and method for preventing and controlling farmland pests |
| CN110463503A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-11-19 | 南京林业大学 | A method of tourism type Rural Landscape substrate is constructed using edible plants |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101341839A (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2009-01-14 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Plate-like tidying and pruning method for peach |
| CN101785416A (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2010-07-28 | 上海康桥中药饮片有限公司 | Method for raising earthworm with peach tree |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101341839A (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2009-01-14 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Plate-like tidying and pruning method for peach |
| CN101785416A (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2010-07-28 | 上海康桥中药饮片有限公司 | Method for raising earthworm with peach tree |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 吕海燕等.廊道研究进展与主要研究方法.《安徽农业科学》.2007,第35卷(第15期),第4480-4484页. * |
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