CN101960340A - Polarizing plate and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Polarizing plate and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101960340A
CN101960340A CN200980107383XA CN200980107383A CN101960340A CN 101960340 A CN101960340 A CN 101960340A CN 200980107383X A CN200980107383X A CN 200980107383XA CN 200980107383 A CN200980107383 A CN 200980107383A CN 101960340 A CN101960340 A CN 101960340A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
polarizer
polaroid
film
polyvinyl alcohol
crosslinked
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CN200980107383XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
重富清惠
二村和典
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Nitto Denko Corp
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Nitto Denko Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00634—Production of filters
    • B29D11/00644—Production of filters polarizing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed are a polarizing plate with satisfactorily high durability and a manufacturing method thereof. The polarizing plate is provided with protective films on both sides of a polarizer obtained by dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol based film with iodine. The ratio T2/T1 between the maximum peak intensity T2 in the range of 105+-5 cm-1 using Raman spectroscopy at the end part of said polarizer in the thickness direction and the maximum peak intensity T1 in the range of 105+-5 cm-1 using Raman spectroscopy in the center part of the cross section of said polarizer in the thickness direction is in the range of 0.920-0.985.

Description

Polaroid and manufacture method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of polaroid and manufacture method thereof.In addition, the invention still further relates to image display devices such as the optical thin film that used this polaroid and liquid crystal indicator, organic EL display, PDP.
Background technology
In the past; as the polaroid that is used for image display devices such as liquid crystal indicator; from having both the viewpoint of high transmittance and degree of polarization; use is stacked polaroids of protective film such as following polarizer and triacetylcellulose films, and the polyvinyl alcohol film of described polarizer after by iodine staining constitutes.
In recent years,, also increase, need a kind ofly to change little liquid crystal indicator corresponding to its use, picture quality in the situation of the inferior long-time use liquid crystal indicator of hot conditions along with the extensive utilization of liquid crystal indicator.Follow in this, polaroid also needs when being positioned over hot conditions or permanance the deterioration does not take place for the optical characteristics that is positioned over hot and humid condition following time.
For example; disclose polyvinyl alcohol film by using high polymerization degree or polarizer drawing process control or behind the stacked guard film, further carry out dried, thereby improve the method (for example with reference to patent documentation 1) of the permanance under hot and humid condition.In addition, thus also disclose by behind the stacked guard film, carrying out high temperature and adding the method (for example with reference to patent documentation 2) that wet process improves permanance.
Yet, the polaroid of putting down in writing in the aforementioned patent document, the situation that exists permanance neutrality insufficient or tone to be short of.Along with the expansion that utilizes the field of image display device, polaroid expects to have higher permanance.
The prior art document
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese kokai publication hei 9-197127 communique
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2006-23573 communique
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
The object of the present invention is to provide the polaroid and the manufacture method thereof of the excellent in te pins of durability that constitutes by polyvinyl alcohol film.
In addition, the image display device that the present invention also aims to provide the optical thin film that has used this polaroid and used this polaroid, optical thin film.
The scheme that is used to deal with problems
The result that the present application people etc. further investigate finds can to solve above-mentioned problem by being provided with the polaroid that has a polarizer of Raman spectral peaks intensity distributions at thickness direction, thereby has finished the present invention.
That is, the present invention relates to a kind of polaroid, this polaroid possesses protective film on the two sides of the polarizer that forms with the iodine staining polyvinyl alcohol film, 105 ± 5cm that the thickness direction central part in this polarizer cross section records by Raman spectroscopy -1The maximum peak intensity T of scope 1105 ± the 5cm that records by Raman spectroscopy with the thickness direction end of this polarizer -1The maximum peak intensity T of scope 2Ratio satisfy following relation.
0.920≤T 2/T 1≤0.985
In addition, the invention still further relates to the manufacture method of aforementioned polaroid.
The manufacture method of polaroid of the present invention is preferably as follows: have to polyvinyl alcohol film carry out iodine staining operation and crosslinked operation at least according to this and obtain the operation of polarizer and on the polarizer of gained the operation of stacked protective film, the dye bath dip time (t of iodine staining operation B) and crosslinked operation in crosslinked bath dip time (t C) ratio (t C/ t B) be 1.30～3.90.
The manufacture method of polaroid of the present invention further is preferably as follows: after crosslinked operation, be impregnated into the operation (tone adjusting operation) in the solution that potassium iodide concentration is 1～5 weight %.
In addition, the invention still further relates to use at least 1 aforementioned polaroid to be the optical thin film of feature and the image display device that has used aforementioned polaroid or aforementioned optical thin film.
The effect of invention
105cm in the Raman spectroscopy -1Near peak is corresponding to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and I 3 -Complex compound (the PVA-I of ion 3 -Complex compound) Raman scattering.Among the present invention, the peak intensity of the Raman spectroscopy by being provided with thickness direction central portion and end is specific ratio, that is, and and PVA-I 3 -The polarizer that complex compound has the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of regulation at thickness direction, the permanance of polaroid is improved.
Embodiment
Polaroid of the present invention is laminated with protective film on the two sides of the polarizer that polyvinyl alcohol film has been carried out the iodine staining processing.Polaroid of the present invention, in the polaroid cross section, the 105cm that the thickness direction central part in aforementioned polarizer cross section records by Raman spectroscopy -1Near maximum peak intensity T 1The 105cm that records by Raman spectroscopy with the thickness direction end of this polarizer -1Near maximum peak intensity T 2Ratio satisfy 0.920≤T 2/ T 1≤ 0.985 relation.Peak intensity compares T 2/ T 1Be preferably more than 0.930, more preferably more than 0.950, more preferably more than 0.955.When peak intensity compared beyond aforementioned range, the permanance of polaroid had the tendency of reduction.In addition, Raman spectrum can be by the Ar of excitation wavelength 514.5nm +Laser radiation is measured.In addition, described 105cm -1Near maximum peak intensity is meant 105 ± 5cm -1Scope in the Raman scattering intensity of summit.
Usually, iodine is with triiodide ion (I 3 -) and pentaiodo ion (I 5 -) be present in the polarizer after being handled by iodine staining 105cm in the Raman spectroscopy with the form of the complex compound of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVA) -1Near peak is corresponding to PVA and I 3 -Complex compound (PVA-I 3 -Complex compound) Raman scattering.Therefore, this peak satisfies specific ratio and is meant PVA-I in the polarizer 3 -Complex compound has the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of regulation at thickness direction.
The polaroid of the present application is so long as possess protective film on the two sides of the polarizer that forms with the iodine staining polyvinyl alcohol film, and the peak intensity of Raman spectrum compares T 2/ T 1In aforementioned range, then have no particular limits for other formation and manufacture method, the preferred configuration of the manufacture method of polarizer, protective film and the polaroid of relevant formation polaroid of the present invention, write up is as follows.
[polarizer]
As the polarizer that constitutes polaroid of the present invention, use the polyethenol series polarizer that contains iodine.The material that is applicable to the polyvinyl alcohol film of polarizer can use the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or derivatives thereof.Derivant as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), except can listing polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl acetal etc., also can list with alkene such as ethene, propylene, the Arrcostab of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, the material after the modifications such as acrylamide.The degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is preferred about 100～10000, and more preferably 1000～10000, further preferred 1000～8000, preferred especially 2000～6000.Suitable use saponification degree is 80～100 moles of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) about %.
In addition, polarizer obtains by iodine staining and stretching usually, and in the polarizer that constitutes polaroid of the present invention, the thickness of the life size film before stretching is preferably 20～100 μ m, more preferably 40～75 μ m.
In aforementioned polyvinyl alcohol film, also can contain adjuvants such as plastifier.As plastifier, can list polyvalent alcohol and condensation product thereof etc., for example can list glycerine, two glycerine, triglycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyglycol etc.The use amount of plastifier has no particular limits, and is preferably below the 20 weight % in the polyvinyl alcohol film.
[manufacture method of polarizer]
The manufacture method of this kind polarizer, have no particular limits, at least comprise with aforementioned polyvinyl alcohol film impregnated in the solution that contains iodine and/or iodide ion (operation of dye bath (below, sometimes be called " iodine staining operation ") and after the iodine staining operation, impregnated in the solution (crosslinked bath) that contains crosslinking chemicals such as boric acid operation (below, sometimes be called " crosslinked operation "), the dye bath dip time t in the iodine staining operation BWith the crosslinked bath dip time t in the crosslinked operation CRatio t C/ t B, be preferably 1.30～3.90, more preferably 1.40～3.00, more preferably 1.50～2.60.
The ratio t of the dip time of " iodine staining operation " and " crosslinked operation " C/ t BIn the time of in aforementioned range, the 105cm that the thickness direction central part records by Raman spectroscopy -1Near maximum peak intensity T 1The 105cm that records by Raman spectroscopy with the thickness direction end of this polarizer -1Near maximum peak intensity T 2Ratio be in the aforementioned preferred range, have the hot and humid tendency that suppresses down the iodine decolouring.
On the other hand, t C/ t BHour, the iodide ion concentration of the thickness direction central part of polarizer increases relatively compared with the iodide ion concentration of the near surface of polarizer, that is, and and T 2/ T 1Below aforementioned preferred range, has the tendency that permanance reduces.Though this kind is according to the ratio difference of dip time and the different reason of permanance may not be clear and definite, one of its reason can be speculated as: because the dip time t in " crosslinked operation " CMake the crosslinked of PVA that causes by boric acid become insufficient than weak point relatively.When PVA crosslinked insufficient since under hot and humid environment iodide ion (PVA-I 3 -Complex compound) become unstable, so the deterioration of optical characteristics becomes big, the neutrality shortcoming of tone.In addition, its reason also can be speculated as: because the dip time t in " iodine staining operation " BLonger relatively, so iodine evenly exists at the thickness direction of polarizer, also can influence permanance.
On the contrary, work as t C/ t BWhen big, because the iodide ion concentration of the thickness direction central part of polarizer is relatively low, so T 2/ T 1More than aforesaid preferable range, has the tendency that permanance reduces.This kind dip time influences one of reason of permanance and can be speculated as: because the dip time t in " crosslinked operation " CMake the crosslinked of PVA that causes by boric acid exceedingly carry out than length relatively.When so exceedingly carrying out generating PVA-I more when crosslinked 3 -Complex compound is because PVA-I 3 -Complex compound compares PVA-I 5 -The relative stability shortcoming of complex compound under hot and humid environment, so the deterioration of optical characteristics increases the neutrality shortcoming of tone.In addition, its reason also can be speculated as: because the dip time t in " iodine staining operation " BShorter relatively, the thickness direction end (surface) of polarizer is compared with central part, is selectively carried out iodine staining, therefore hindered by boric acid cause crosslinked, crosslinked insufficient, thereby the deterioration of the optical characteristics under hot and humid environment increases.
(iodine staining operation)
The iodine staining operation can be undertaken by making iodine and/or iodide ion be adsorbed in polyvinyl alcohol film and orientation taking place.By being impregnated in the dye bath with iodine solution, above-mentioned polyvinyl alcohol film dyes.The iodine aqueous solution use of using as iodine solution contains the aqueous solution of iodide ion etc. by cosolvents such as iodine and potassium iodides.Iodine concentration is preferably about 0.01～0.5 weight %, more preferably 0.02～0.4 weight %.In addition, potassium iodide concentration is preferably about 0.01～10 weight %, more preferably 0.02～8 weight %.
When iodine staining was handled, the temperature of the iodine solution in the dye bath was generally about 20～50 ℃, is preferably 25～40 ℃.Dip time t in dye bath B, be preferably usually about 10～300 seconds, more preferably 20～240 seconds scope more preferably 20～200 seconds, is preferably 25～120 seconds especially.
The iodine staining operation is preferably carried out uniaxial tension and is handled in aforementioned staining solution.Be benchmark with the polyvinyl alcohol film length of the state that is not stretched fully (below, be sometimes referred to as " former length "), the stretching ratio when stretching is generally below 3.5 times, is preferably below 3.3 times, more preferably below 3 times.In addition, from preventing to dye uneven and prevent wrinkling viewpoint, for before the iodine staining operation, be that the stretching ratio more than 2 times of benchmark stretches preferably with former length, be that the stretching ratio more than 2.5 times of benchmark stretches preferably further with former length.
(swelling operation)
For before aforementioned iodine staining operation, as required, polyvinyl alcohol film can be impregnated in the water etc. and make its swelling.By this kind swelling operation, polyvinyl alcohol film is washed, and can clean dirt, the anti blocking agent of film surface.In addition, prevent to dye the effect of unequal inequality by making the polyvinyl alcohol film swelling, also having.
Bathe as the swelling of polyvinyl alcohol film being carried out swelling treatment, mainly make water, further preferably contain plastifier.By making the swelling bathroom facilities that plastifier be arranged, plastifier can make films swell amount homogenising from the stripping quantity of polyvinyl alcohol film in the control swelling operation.When containing plastifier in swelling is bathed, its content has no particular limits, and preferably containing with respect to the aqueous solution total amount is the plastifier of 0.5～15 quality %, and more preferably containing with respect to the aqueous solution total amount is the plastifier of 0.5～5.0 quality %.When plasticizer loading was very few, the swelling action of film may be insufficient, when plasticizer loading is too much, also can become difficulty even satisfy the stretching of the optical characteristics of polaroid.
Here,,, then have no particular limits, can use known in the past plastifier so long as can make the plastifier of polyvinyl alcohol film plasticizing as plastifier.For example, can list ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, low-molecular-weight polyglycol glycolss such as (Mw:200～400), glycerol derivatives such as glycerine, two glycerine, triglycerin etc.Wherein, from the aspect strong with the interaction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), that compatibility is big, preferably glycerine derivant, special preferably glycerine.
In the swelling operation, the dip time of polyvinyl alcohol film in swelling is bathed is preferably more than 20 seconds and below 70 seconds, more preferably more than 30 seconds and below 60 seconds.When dip time was lower than 20 seconds, the swelling effect may be insufficient, and when dip time exceeded 70 seconds, swelling was excessively carried out, and may bring unfavorable condition to throughput rate.The temperature of the aqueous solution during swelling is bathed is set at 20～60 ℃ scope usually.
In addition, the swelling operation is except adopting the method that is immersed in the swelling bath as described above, while also can adopt the aqueous solution with water or plasticizer-containing to be coated on the polyvinyl alcohol film, to spray and carry out the method for swelling treatment.
In addition, in the swelling operation, also can as aforementioned, stretch.When in the swelling operation, stretching, its stretching ratio, such as described above, be benchmark with former length, be preferably more than 2 times, more preferably more than 2.5 times.
(crosslinked operation)
Polyvinyl alcohol film after dyeing is handled preferably carries out crosslinking Treatment.As the crosslinker solution that carries out crosslinking Treatment, usually preferred use with boric acid, borax, glyoxal, crosslinking chemical concentration independent or mixed crosslinking chemical such as glutaraldehyde is the aqueous solution of 1～15 weight %, more preferably use the aqueous solution of 2～10 weight %, further preferably use the aqueous solution of 2～7 weight %, especially preferably use the aqueous solution of 3～6 weight %.Can decide the concentration of crosslinking chemical by considering balance that optical characteristics, the polaroid that tensile force caused that is produced by polyvinyl alcohol film shrink.
In crosslinked bath, preferably add such as potassium iodide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, zinc iodide, silver iodide, lead iodide with concentration 0.05～15 weight %, auxiliary agents such as iodide such as cupric iodide, barium iodide, calcium iodide, stannic iodide, titanium iodide, more preferably add, further preferably add with 2～5 weight % with 0.5～8 weight %.By having these adjuvants, can make the characteristic of polarizer even in face.The temperature of aqueous solution is generally about 20～70 ℃, is preferably 25～65 ℃, more preferably 30～60 ℃ scope.Dip time has no particular limits, and is generally 15 seconds～about 900 seconds, be preferably 30 seconds～600 seconds, and more preferably 30～250 seconds, further preferred 50～150 seconds.In addition, from the viewpoint of the permanance that improves polaroid, preferably as described above like that with aforementioned dye bath dip time t BWith the crosslinked bath dip time t in the crosslinked operation CRatio t C/ t BBe controlled at the scope of regulation.In the crosslinked bath,, also can contain a small amount of and glassware for drinking water has the organic solvent of compatibility as solvent except containing water as the solvent.
In the crosslinked operation, the stretching ratio of polyvinyl alcohol film is preferably about 4～8 times of former length, more preferably about 5～7 times.When stretching ratio is too high, has the film tendency of fracture easily.In addition, cross when low when stretching ratio, the degree of polarization of polaroid may be insufficient.
In addition, in crosslinked operation, can use the different a plurality of crosslinked bath of kind, concentration of the solute in the solution.When using a plurality of crosslinked baths, preferred, crosslinked bath height before the concentration ratio of auxiliary agents such as the concentration of the crosslinking chemicals such as boric acid of the crosslinked bath in back and potassium iodide.Such by concentration being brought up to the crosslinked bath in back, can form the polaroid of homogeneity and excellent in te pins of durability.In addition, the stretching in the crosslinked operation is carried out in any one or both of preceding crosslinked bath, the crosslinked bath in back, can also stretch with different multiplying powers in both.Preferred especially, such as described above, make stretching ratio in the back crosslinked bath of the relative concentration that has improved crosslinking chemical, auxiliary agent greater than the stretching ratio in the preceding crosslinked bath.By so regulating stretching ratio, can form the high polaroid of degree of polarization.
In addition, can in 1 bath, carry out the multistage stretching.Multistage stretches, and it is right that a plurality of pinch rolls (roll) for example are set in bath, each roller between stretch.When carrying out the multistage when stretching,, can also make the stretching ratio difference in per stage by controlling the right peripheral speed of each pinch roll.
(tone adjusting operation)
In addition, implemented the polyvinyl alcohol film of iodine absorption orientation process, further preferred the confession in the tone adjusting operation that is immersed in iodide aqueous solution (the iodine infiltration is bathed) such as potassium iodide.The iodide that use during infiltration is bathed are preferably potassium iodide.In addition, from the viewpoint of fully infiltrating, potassium iodide concentration is preferably 1～5 weight %, more preferably 2～4 weight %.Liquid temperature during the iodine infiltration is bathed is generally 10～60 ℃, is preferably about 15～40 ℃ more preferably 20～30 ℃.In addition, the dip time that infiltration is bathed is preferably 1 second～and 60 seconds, more preferably 1～30 second, more preferably 3～30 seconds, be preferably 3～15 seconds especially.The viewpoint that tone during from the arranged perpendicular polaroid is regulated, dip time, iodide concentration that infiltration is bathed are preferably aforementioned range.
In addition, except that aforementioned each operation, also can implement metallic ion and handle.It is to be undertaken by polyvinyl alcohol film being impregnated in the aqueous solution that contains slaine that metallic ion is handled.Handle by metallic ion, can make and contain each metal ion species in the polyvinyl alcohol film.
As metallic ion, especially, preferably use the metallic ion of transition metal such as cobalt, nickel, zinc, chromium, aluminium, copper, manganese, iron from regulating tone, giving the aspect of permanance.In these metallic ions, from regulating tone, giving aspect such as thermotolerance, preferred zinc ion.As zinc salt, can list zinc halides such as zinc chloride, zinc iodide, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate etc.
Metallic ion is handled and is used metal salt solution.In following metallic ion is handled, the typical example when having used zinc salt solution, infiltration is handled and is illustrated to zinc.
The concentration of the zinc ion in the zinc salt solution is preferably about 0.1～10 weight %, further preferred 0.3～7 weight %.In addition, when zinc solution uses and to contain the aqueous solution of potassium ion and iodide ion from potassium iodide etc., be easy to make the zinc ion infiltration, so preferably.Potassium iodide concentration in the zinc solution is preferably about 0.1～10 weight %, more preferably 0.2～5 weight %.From the point of view, preferably carrying out metallic ion in aforementioned crosslinked operation, tone adjusting operation handles.
(drying process)
The polarizer that so obtains is preferably at the final drying process of implementing.Drying process can suitably be set drying time and baking temperature according to the required water cut of the polarizer of gained.Baking temperature is generally 20～150 ℃ scope, is preferably 40～100 ℃ scope.Cross when low when baking temperature, drying time is elongated, makes efficient and may reduce.When baking temperature is too high, the polarizer deterioration of gained, it is insufficient that optical characteristics and tone may become.The heat drying time was generally about 1～5 minute.
The thickness of polarizer has no particular limits, and is generally about 5～80 μ m.When the thickness attenuation of polarizer, in the drying process when itself and protective film are fitted etc., the moisture in the polarizer becomes and is easy to volatilization.
[formation of polaroid]
(transparent protective film)
The polarizer of gained, according to conventional method, stacked transparent protective film can be made into polaroid on its two sides.Material as constituting transparent protective film can use for example thermoplastic resin excellent such as the transparency, physical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier, isotropy.As the concrete example of this kind thermoplastic resin, can list celluosic resin, vibrin, polyethersulfone resin, polysulfone resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide, polyimide resin, polyolefin resin, (methyl) acryl resin, cyclic polyolefin resin (norbornene resin), polyarylate resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin and their potpourris such as triacetyl cellulose.In addition; usually by bond layer transparent protective film is fitted on the polarizer; as transparent protective film, can use the heat-curing resin or the ultraviolet curing resin of (methyl) acrylic acid series, polyurethane series, acroleic acid polyurethane system, epoxy system, silicone-based etc.
The thickness of transparent protective film can suitably determine, from aspects such as operability such as intensity, usability, thin layers, is generally about 1～500 μ m.Preferred 1～300 μ m, more preferably 5～200 μ m.Transparent protective film is particularly preferred when being 5～150 μ m.
In addition, when transparent protective film being set, can use the protective film that forms by the same polymer material, also can use the protective film that forms by different polymeric material etc. at its pros and cons in the both sides of polarizer.
As transparent protective film of the present invention, the preferred any at least a resin that is selected from fibre resin, polycarbonate resin, cyclic polyolefin resin and (methyl) acryl resin that uses.In addition, but also dual-purpose polarizer described later of transparent protective film.
As polarizer, can list macromolecular material is carried out single shaft or biaxial stretch-formed processing and oriented film of the birefringent film that obtains, liquid crystal polymer, the material that forms with the oriented layer of film support liquid crystal polymer etc.Thickness to polarizer also has no particular limits, and is generally about 20～150 μ m.
As macromolecular material, for example, can list polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, polymethyl vinyl ether, the poly-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellulose, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polysulfones, polyethylene terephthalate, PEN, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyene propyl group sulfone, polyamide, polyimide, polyolefin, Polyvinylchloride, celluosic resin, cyclic polyolefin resin (norbornene resin), or their various binary systems, the ternary system multipolymer, graft copolymer, potpourri etc.These macromolecular materials can wait by stretching becomes orientation thing (oriented film).
As liquid crystal polymer, for example, can list on main chain at polymkeric substance, the side chain and import the various backbone chain types of the conjugacy linearity atomic group (mesogen, mesomorphic) of giving liquid crystal aligning, the liquid crystal polymer of side chain type.Concrete example as the liquid crystal polymer of backbone chain type, can list and have at the polymkeric substance of structure of mesomorphic group of having given bonding on the spacer portion of bendability, for example the polyester to the row orientation is liquid-crystalline polymer, discoid polymkeric substance, cholesteric phase polymkeric substance etc.Concrete example as the liquid crystal polymer of side chain type, can list following polymkeric substance, promptly, with polysiloxane, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate or poly-malonate is main chain backbone, as side chain, have by the spacer portion that constitutes by the conjugacy atomic group that the para-oriented ring shape compound unit given to the row orientation constitutes mesomorphic etc.These liquid crystal polymers are handled by for example following method, promptly, on the orientation process face that the surface that is formed at films such as polyimide on the glass plate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been carried out friction treatment, oblique evaporation has on the orientation process face of monox etc., launch the solution of liquid-crystalline polymer and also heat-treat.
Polarizer can be the parts that have corresponding to the suitable phase differential of following application target, and described application target is: compensation is because that the birefringence of various wavelength plates, liquid crystal layer produces is painted, visual angle etc.Also can be stacked more than 2 kinds polarizer controlled polarizer of optical characteristics such as phase differential etc.
Polarizer can select to use the material of the relation that satisfies nx=ny＞nz, nx＞ny＞nz, nx＞ny=nz, nx＞nz＞ny, nz=nx＞ny, nz＞nx＞ny, nz＞nx=ny according to various uses.Wherein, ny=nz not only comprises ny and the identical situation of nz, also comprises the situation that ny is identical in fact with nz.
Aforementioned transparent protective film can carry out surface modification treatment before coating adhesive.As concrete processing, can list corona treatment, Cement Composite Treated by Plasma, prime treatment, saponification processing etc.
(surface treatment)
On the surface of the not bonding polarizer of aforementioned transparent protective film, can implement hard conating, antireflection handle, with anti, diffusion and anti-dazzle be the surface treatment of purpose.
(polarizer and transparent protective film stacked)
Can use bonding agent in the bonding processing of aforementioned polarizer and transparent protective film.As bonding agent, can enumerate isocyanate-based bonding agent, polyethenol series bonding agent, gelatin is bonding agent, ethene base system latex system, water system polyester etc.Aforementioned bonding agent uses the bonding agent that is formed by aqueous solution usually, and the solid constituent that contains 0.5～60 weight % usually forms.Except that above-mentioned,, can enumerate uv-curing type bonding agent, electron ray curing type bonding agent etc. as the bonding agent of polarizer and transparent protective film.Electron ray curing type polaroid shows suitable cementability with bonding agent to above-mentioned various transparent protective films.Especially, also show good cementability for the acryl resin that is difficult to satisfy cementability.
Polaroid of the present invention is made by using aforementioned bonding agent that aforementioned transparent protective film and polarizer are fitted.Bonding agent can be coated on above any one of transparent protective film, polarizer, also can be coated on both.After applying, implement drying process, form the adhesive linkage that forms by the coating drying layer.The applying of polarizer and transparent protective film can wait by the roll laminating machine to be carried out.The thickness of adhesive linkage has no particular limits, and is generally about 30～1000nm.
[optical thin film]
Polaroid of the present invention can be used as the optical thin film stacked with other optical layers when practicality.This optical layers is had no particular limits, for example can use reflecting plate more than 1 layer or 2 layers, half transmitting plate, polarizer (comprising 1/2,1/4 equiwavelength's plate), viewing angle compensation film etc. to be used to form the optical layers of liquid crystal indicator etc.Preferred especially, on polaroid of the present invention further stacked reflection type polarizer that forms by reflecting plate or Transflective plate or Semitransmissive polaroid, further be laminated with ellipsoidal polarizing plate that polarizer forms or circular polarizing disk on the polaroid, further be laminated with the wide visual field angle polaroid that the viewing angle compensation film forms on the polaroid or on polaroid, further be laminated with the polaroid that the film that adds lustre to forms.
(reflection type polarizer)
The reflection type polarizer polaroid is provided with the reflection horizon, can be used for forming the liquid crystal indicator make the type that shows from the incident light reflection of visible side (demonstration side) etc., owing to can omit built-in light sources such as backlight, have the advantages such as slimming that are easy to realize liquid crystal indicator.The formation of reflection type polarizer can be carried out according to suitable modes such as following modes: the mode of setting up the reflection horizon that is formed by metal etc. on faces at polaroid such as transparent protective film as required.
(Semitransmissive polaroid)
In addition, by for example forming on above-mentioned reflection horizon the reflected light and the also reflection horizon of the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens of transmitted light Semitransmissives such as (half mirror), can obtain the Semitransmissive polaroid.The Semitransmissive polaroid is set at the rear side of liquid crystal cells usually, can form the liquid crystal indicator of following type etc.: in brighter environment, use under the situation of liquid crystal indicator etc., make from the incident light of watching side (demonstration side) and reflect and display image, in darker environment, use the built-in light sources such as backlight of the dorsal part that is built in the Semitransmissive polaroid to come display image.
(ellipsoidal polarizing plate circular polarizing disk)
Ellipsoidal polarizing plate or the circular polarizing disk that further laminated phase-difference plate on polaroid is formed describes below.Rectilinearly polarized light is being transformed into elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light are being transformed to rectilinearly polarized light, perhaps changing under the situation of polarization direction of rectilinearly polarized light, can use polarizer etc.Especially, as rectilinearly polarized light being transformed into circularly polarized light or circularly polarized light being transformed into the polarizer of rectilinearly polarized light, can use so-called 1/4 wavelength plate (being also referred to as λ/4 plates).1/2 wavelength plate (being also referred to as λ/2 plates) is used in the situation of the polarization direction that changes rectilinearly polarized light usually.
Ellipsoidal polarizing plate is used for following situation effectively,, to painted (blue or yellow) that row (STN) type liquid crystal indicator takes place because of the liquid crystal layer birefringence, and does not have aforementioned situation of carrying out white and black displays etc. by compensation (preventing) supertwist that is paintedly.In addition, the polaroid of control three-dimensional refractive index can also compensate painted that (preventing) produced when vergence direction is watched the picture of liquid crystal indicator, be preferred therefore.Circular polarizing disk for example is used in the situation that image is adjusted for the tone of the image of the colored reflection-type liquid-crystal display device that shows etc. effectively, but also has the function of antireflection.As the concrete example of above-mentioned polarizer, can list the polarizer that forms to the oriented film that carries out birefringent film that stretch processing forms, liquid crystal polymer by the film that forms such as suitable polymkeric substance such as polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polypropylene or the polyolefin beyond it, poly-aryl ester, polyamide, with the oriented layer of film support liquid crystal polymer etc.Polarizer can be the parts that have corresponding to the suitable phase differential of following application target, and described application target is: compensation is because that the birefringence of various wavelength plates, liquid crystal layer produces is painted, visual angle etc.Also can be stacked more than 2 kinds polarizer controlled polarizer of optical characteristics such as phase differential etc.
In addition, above-mentioned ellipsoidal polarizing plate, the reflection-type ellipsoidal polarizing plate is with polaroid or reflection type polarizer and polarizer appropriate combination and be laminated.Also can be by stacked respectively successively (reflection-type) polaroid and polarizer in the manufacture process of liquid crystal indicator so that form the combination of (reflection-type) polaroid and polarizer, form described ellipsoidal polarizing plate etc. thus, and such as described above, the situation that is pre-formed the optical thin film of ellipsoidal polarizing plate etc. has the advantage that the manufacturing efficient of excellence, liquid crystal indicators etc. such as quality stability, lamination operation improves.
(viewing angle compensation film)
The viewing angle compensation film is a kind of film that is used to enlarge field angle, even it makes that image seemed also more clear when never vertical with picture and direction that tilt was a little watched the picture of liquid crystal indicator.As this kind vision compensation of phase difference plate, for example by the oriented film of phase retardation film, liquid crystal polymer etc., in the transparent base upper support material that forms of the oriented layer of liquid crystal polymer etc. etc. constitute.Common polarizer can use the birefringent thin polymer film that has that is stretched and form by single shaft along its face direction, relative therewith, the polarizer that is used as the vision compensation film can use along its face direction by biaxial stretch-formed form have a birefringent thin polymer film; Perhaps the control that is stretched by single shaft and also be stretched along its thickness direction along its face direction thickness direction refractive index, have a birefringent polymkeric substance; Perhaps biaxially oriented film such as the tilted alignment film etc.As the tilted alignment film, for example can list:, thin polymer film is carried out stretch processing or/and the material after the shrink process at bonding heat-shrinkable film on the thin polymer film and under effect by the convergent force that its heating is produced; Make liquid crystal polymer carry out material that tilted alignment forms etc.The starting material polymkeric substance of polarizer can use with aforementioned polarizer in the polymer phase that illustrates with polymkeric substance, can use based on the phase differential that brings by liquid crystal cells, with prevent because of angle of visibility that variation was produced was painted etc. and enlarge the suitable polymkeric substance as purpose such as visual good field angle.
In addition; from the aspect that realizes visual good wide visual field angle etc., can preferably use in tri acetyl cellulose film upper support has the optical compensation polarizer that is formed by the oriented layer of liquid crystal polymer, the optical anisotropic layer that especially is made of the tilted alignment layer of discoid liquid crystal polymer.
(film adds lustre to)
The polaroid of polaroid and bright enhancement film of having fitted is set at the rear side of liquid crystal cells usually and uses.Bright enhancement film is the film that shows below characteristic: because the backlight of liquid crystal indicator etc. or from the reflection of rear side etc., and when natural light incident, the rectilinearly polarized light of reflection regulation polarizing axis or the circularly polarized light of prescribed direction, and make other transmittance.Make the polaroid of bright enhancement film and layer of polarizer poststack from the light incident of the light source of backlight etc. and obtain the transmitted light of regulation polarization state, and the light beyond the aforementioned regulation polarization state is reflected and transmissive not.Reflection horizon by being arranged at its rear side etc. is further reversed the light that reflects on this adds lustre to face, incide on the bright enhancement film once more, allow its part or all as the light of regulation polarization state and transmission, thereby increase the light quantity of transmission bright enhancement film, and supply with the polarized light that is difficult to absorb to polarizer, increase and can be used in the light quantity that shows liquid crystal display image etc., thereby can improve brightness.
In addition; in the present invention; can be by the modes of handling with ultraviolet light absorbers such as salicylate based compound, phenol benzoate based compound, benzotriazole based compound, cyanoacrylate based compound, nickel complex salt based compound for example such as mode, make each layer of the polarizer that forms above-mentioned polaroid, transparent protective film, optical thin film etc. or adhesive coating etc. have the UVA function.
[image display device]
Polaroid of the present invention or optical thin film can be preferred for the formation of various devices such as liquid crystal indicator.The formation of liquid crystal indicator can be carried out according to method in the past.Promptly, the liquid crystal indicator component parts by suitable assembling liquid crystal cells and polaroid or optical thin film and illuminator as required etc. usually enrolls driving circuit and waits and form, among the present invention except using polaroid of the present invention or optical thin film this point, have no particular limits, can be undertaken by method in the past.Relevant liquid crystal cells also can use for example liquid crystal cells of any types such as TN type, STN type, π type.
One-sided or the both sides that can form liquid crystal cells dispose the suitable liquid crystal indicators such as liquid crystal indicator that used backlight or reflecting plate in the liquid crystal indicator of polaroid or optical thin film, the illuminator.At this moment, polaroid of the present invention or optical thin film can be arranged at the one-sided or both sides of liquid crystal cells.When polaroid or optical thin film were set in both sides, they can be identical, also can be different.In addition, when forming liquid crystal indicator, for example can dispose diffusing panel more than 1 layer or 2 layers, antiglare layer, antireflection film, fender, prism array, lens array plate, light diffusing board, backlight etc. in position.
Polarizer and polaroid owing to have for carrying out the effect of polarisation from outside incident and at the light that metal electrode reflects, therefore have the effect that can not watch the minute surface of metal electrode by this polarisation effect from the outside.Especially,, and the angle that polarization direction became of polaroid and polarizer is adjusted to π/4, can covers the minute surface of metal electrode fully if constitute polarizer with 1/4 wavelength plate.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will be described to enumerate embodiment, but the present invention is not limited by the following examples.In addition, the evaluation of following examples and comparative example can be undertaken by following method.
[assay method]
(the sample modulation that raman spectroscopy is used)
(ラ イ カ makes, and RM2155), inserts glass cutter (day new EM Co., Ltd. system, EM-25A type) in polaroid normal to a surface direction, and the cutting polaroid obtains having the polaroid thin slice of the about 1mm of thickness in level and smooth cross section to use microtome.
(mensuration of Raman spectrum)
The object that attaches rewarding polaroid thin slice on the supporter is placed on the sample stage of micro Raman spectra determinator (RENISHAW society system), and the contrast focal length is by the Ar of excitation wavelength 514.5nm +Laser carries out the mensuration of Raman spectrum.To the both ends of the thickness direction of polarizer, from the interface (that is the surface of polarizer) of polarizer protective film and polarizer to the position of the mid-depth direction 2 μ m of polarizer, and 3 places that amount to of the central part of thickness direction measure.Respectively be determined at the time shutter: 1 second, cumulative frequency: 5 times, laser output: 10%, measure diameter: carry out under the condition of 2 μ m.
Spectrum from gained reads 105 ± 5cm -1Scope in the Raman scattering intensity of summit, try to achieve the scattering strength (T of thickness direction central part 1) and the mean value (T of the scattering strength at 2 places, both ends of thickness direction 2) ratio T 2/ T 1
(mensuration of optical characteristics)
Use has the spectrophotometer of integrating sphere, and (Japanese beam split system V7100), is tried to achieve monolithic transmissivity T s, remove surface reflection from the measured value of monolithic transmissivity Ts, thereby calculate the monolithic transmissivity T after visibility is proofreaied and correct s(Y).
In addition, calculate the dichroic ratio DR of polaroid by following formula.In the following formula, T s(Y) the monolithic transmissivity (%) after the aforementioned visibility of expression is proofreaied and correct, P represents degree of polarization (%).
[several 1]
DR = - log { Ts ( Y ) 100 × ( 1 - P 100 ) } - log { Ts ( Y ) 100 × ( 1 + P 100 ) }
[embodiment 1]
(modulation of polarizer)
The polyvinyl alcohol film of the degree of polymerization 2400, saponification degree 99.9%, thickness 75 μ m is immersed in 30 ℃ the warm water (swelling bath), makes its swelling, carry out the free end uniaxial tension simultaneously so that the length of polyvinyl alcohol film is 2 times of former length.Then, the concentration that impregnated in the potpourri (weight ratio 1: 16) of iodine and potassium iodide is the aqueous solution (dye bath) of 0.3 weight %, carrying out the free end uniaxial tension so that polyvinyl alcohol film length is 3 times of former length, simultaneously film is dyeed.Then, impregnated in the aqueous solution (crosslinked bath 1) of boric acid 3 weight %, potassium iodide 3 weight %, simultaneously the length of polyvinyl alcohol film is stretched as 4 times of former length, in the aqueous solution (crosslinked bath 2) of 60 ℃ boric acid 4 weight %, potassium iodide 5 weight %, the length of polyvinyl alcohol film is drawn into 6 times of former length afterwards.Then, in the aqueous solution of potassium iodide 3 weight % (the iodine infiltration is bathed), carry out the iodide ion infiltration and handle, in 60 ℃ dryer dry 4 minutes afterwards, obtain polarizer.The thickness of the polarizer of gained is 28 μ m.
Dip time in each operation and stretching ratio (is the multiplying power of benchmark and the multiplying power in each operation with former length) are as shown in table 1.
(transparent protective film)
Used the triacetylcellulose film (the Off イ of the Fuji Le system manufacturer name of an article " Off ヅ タ Star Network TD 80UL ") of thickness 80 μ m.
(modulation of bonding agent)
Polyvinyl alcohol resin (the average degree of polymerization 1200 that 100 weight portions is contained acetoacetyl; 98.5 moles of % of saponification degree; 5 moles of % of acetoacetyl degree) and 32 weight portion methylol melamines; under 30 ℃ temperature conditions, be dissolved in the pure water, be modulated into the bonding agent aqueous solution that solid component concentration is adjusted to 3.2 weight %.
(making of polaroid)
Use above-mentioned bonding agent, under 30 ℃ temperature conditions, behind applying triacetylcellulose film on the two sides of polarizer, it was descended dry 4 minutes at 60 ℃, obtain the polaroid of thickness 188 μ m by the roller make-up machine.
[embodiment 2～8, comparative example 1～4]
Except dip time t with the dye bath in the previous embodiment 1 BDip time t with crosslinked bath cBeyond changing to shown in the table 1 like that, obtain polaroid similarly to Example 1.
[table 1]
The measurement result of the Raman spectrum of the polaroid that obtains in embodiment and the comparative example and with polaroid place under the warming and humidifying condition of 60 ℃ of temperature, humidity 95% 250 hours front and back, the monolithic transmissivity T of visibility after proofreading and correct s(Y) the variation delta DR (410) of the dichroic ratio DR (410) under variation delta Ts (Y) and the wavelength 410nm is as shown in table 2.
[table 2]
Figure BPA00001213330500221
The 105cm as can be known clear and definite by table 2, that the thickness direction central part of polarizer records by Raman spectroscopy -1Near maximum peak intensity T 1The 105cm that records by Raman spectroscopy with the thickness direction end of this polarizer -1Near maximum peak intensity T 2Ratio at the polaroid of the embodiment of scope of the present invention, its change of optical property under hot and humid environment is less, excellent in te pins of durability.

Claims (5)

1. polaroid, this polaroid possesses protective film on the two sides of the polarizer that forms with the iodine staining polyvinyl alcohol film, 105 ± 5cm that the thickness direction central part in this polarizer cross section records by Raman spectroscopy -1The maximum peak intensity T of scope 1105 ± the 5cm that records by Raman spectroscopy with the thickness direction end of this polarizer -1The maximum peak intensity T of scope 2Ratio T 2/ T 1Be 0.920～0.985.
2. the manufacture method of a polaroid, it is the manufacture method of the described polaroid of claim 1, this manufacture method has following operation: polyvinyl alcohol film is carried out iodine staining operation and crosslinked operation successively at least and obtain the operation of polarizer; The operation of stacked protective film on the polarizer of gained,
Dye bath dip time t in the iodine staining operation BWith the crosslinked bath dip time t in the crosslinked operation CRatio t C/ t BBe 1.30～3.90.
3. the manufacture method of polaroid according to claim 2 is characterized in that, after crosslinked operation, is impregnated into the operation in the solution that potassium iodide concentration is 1～5 weight %.
4. an optical thin film is characterized in that, uses at least 1 described polaroid of claim 1.
5. an image display device is characterized in that, uses described polaroid of claim 1 or the described optical thin film of claim 4.
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