CN101960152A - 压缩机单元 - Google Patents

压缩机单元 Download PDF

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CN101960152A
CN101960152A CN200980106407XA CN200980106407A CN101960152A CN 101960152 A CN101960152 A CN 101960152A CN 200980106407X A CN200980106407X A CN 200980106407XA CN 200980106407 A CN200980106407 A CN 200980106407A CN 101960152 A CN101960152 A CN 101960152A
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compressor
unit
amount
control unit
sniffer
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CN101960152B (zh
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M·布斯
M·范阿尔森
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F04D17/12Multi-stage pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D25/0686Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven specially adapted for submerged use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02Surge control
    • F04D27/0292Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/70Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
    • F04D29/701Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种压缩机单元(1),其具有压缩机(5),具有抽吸管路(2)并且具有排放管路(3),具有控制单元(20),所述控制单元控制所述压缩机(5)和/或相邻模块。进一步地,本发明涉及操作前述类型的压缩机单元(1)的方法。为了避免非气态流体量导致的任何损伤,本发明提出了在所述抽吸管路(2)中设置至少一个探测装置(21、22)以在待压缩流体进入所述压缩机(5)的途中识别待压缩流体中的非气态流体量,所述探测装置(21、22)以信号传输的方式连接到所述控制单元(20)。

Description

压缩机单元
技术领域
本发明涉及具有压缩机、抽吸管路、排放管路和控制单元的压缩机单元,该控制单元控制压缩机的操作和/或相邻模块的操作。进一步地,本发明涉及操作前述类型的压缩机单元的方法。
背景技术
特别地,天然气开采领域中近年来发展的目标在于直接在井口处在海平面以下压缩天然气。这些发展在经济上令人关注,因为近海平台涉及操作人员的极高费用。天然气的水下压缩在将来可能使得对近海平台的维修变得多余。
然而,这种新的发展伴随着与严酷的操作条件和压缩机单元通达困难有关的极大技术难题。主要问题在于接近冰点的低温、周围具有化学侵蚀性的海水的高压、待压缩的未提纯的且具化学侵蚀性的流体,其中,天然气的抽吸压力变化并且挨着杂质颗粒还携载有大量的非气态流体分别地液体。在井的寿命期间,待开采天然气的压力显著降低。依照环境保护的要求,不允许在压缩机单元和周围环境之间进行介质交换。
发明内容
本发明的焦点放在大量非气态流体进入压缩机产生的问题上。已经知道的是,在井口和压缩机单元之间安装分离器,以在非气态流体进入压缩机之前将其去除。为了避免分离单元中过多的压力损失并且为了将安装工作保持在合理限度内,分离器无法建造成处理每种可能出现的非气态流体量。另一方面,仅仅一次事故就可能毁坏压缩机单元,在该事故期间,分离器不能处理该非气态流体量。
因此,本发明的一个目标是要在抽吸管路中的大量非气态流体进入压缩机单元的途中使压缩机单元对这些非气态流体作好防范并且避免任何损坏。
上述目的通过根据前述类型的压缩机得以实现,在该压缩机中,在抽吸管路中设置至少一个探测装置以在待压缩流体中的非气态量进入压缩机的途中识别出该非气态量,该探测装置以信号传输的方式连接到控制单元。
该探测装置的安装使得控制单元有机会根据抽吸管路中的流体状态进行反应。
该探测装置可以是能够识别抽吸管路中的非气态量的任何装置。例如可通过光学传感器或者也可通过声传感器特别是超声传感器来进行探测。优选地,这种探测专用于液体探测,不过无法同样识别固体物体。
控制单元在非气态量的探测下进行反应的一个有利可能性是当所探测到的非气态量超过一定限度时降低压缩机的操作速度。该一定限度应当低于能够毁坏压缩机单元的压缩机的量。
另一种可能性可作为速度降低特征的替代或补充,即提供溶解单元,该溶解单元在非气态量特别是液体量进入压缩机的途中溶解它们。当所探测到的非气体量超过一定限度时,优选地由控制单元启动溶解过程。为了避免损伤,该一定限度应当低于可能使任何所涉及模块损坏的任何临界量。溶解单元可特别地包括分别安装在溶解室内的喷嘴和阀,其中,阀打开了溶解室中被压缩的工艺流体从较高压力水平降到抽吸压力的通道,溶解室位于抽吸管路中。一旦探测装置识别出待溶解的非气态流体量,则控制单元打开阀,从而溶解室内的喷射流溶解不期望的非气体量到较小的量,该较小的量对下游模块无害。
本发明的一个实施例提供了驱动压缩机的电动机,该电动机与压缩机一起被封装在气密壳体中。
本发明的另一个实施例提供了位于井口和压缩机之间的抽吸管路中的分离器,其中,探测装置可安装在分离器的上游或下游,或者安装在分离器的两侧。
附图说明
通过参照下面关于实施本发明的当前最优模式的描述并结合附图,本发明的上述特性和其他特征及优点以及获得它们的方式将变得明显,并且本发明自身将得到更好的理解,附图中
图1示出了压缩机单元的示意性图示,该压缩机单元安装在海底的天然气井口上方并且包括抽吸管路、排放管路和分离器。
具体实施方式
图1示出了压缩机单元1,该压缩机单元1包括抽吸管路2、排放管路3、分离器4和压缩机5,压缩机5位于抽吸管路2和排放管路3之间。压缩机单元1安装在海平面6以下的海底7上。在海底7下面是天然气井8,天然气井8具有通向井口10的输送管路9。设施12安装在海平面6以上的地面11上,设施12对压缩机5输送的流体13(天然气15)进行进一步处理。
天然气15以压力p1储存在井8中,被压缩机5压缩到高至压力p2并且以压力p3到达设施12。分离器4安装在井口10和压缩机5之间以提纯天然气5,排除掉杂质颗粒和不期望的液体。然而,不能排除的是,非气体量分别的液体量可能会超过分离器4的容量,以及临界量(critical amounts)离开分离器4前往压缩机5,而这可能是毁坏性的。
压缩机5配备有控制单元20,控制单元20与设置在抽吸管路2中的探测装置21、22连接。探测装置21、22非气体量进入压缩机5的途中探测非气体量。一个探测装置21直接安装在井口10处,而另一个探测装置22安装在分离器4和压缩机5之间。在上述位置之一使用仅仅一个探测装置21、22也是可能的。然而,使用两个探测装置21、22使得当出现非气体量或液体量时更有可能进行反应。在该具体示例中,一旦第一探测装置21探测到非气体量超过一定限度,则控制单元20就降低压缩机5的速度。
溶解室30设置在分离器4和压缩机5之间第二探测装置22后面,该溶解室30构建成在液体量进入压缩机的途中溶解它。溶解是这样实现的:通过喷流分别地喷嘴从较高压力水平p2喷射天然气流,排出排放管路3。阀31设置在连接来自排放管路3的提取物(extraction)的管路中,阀31由控制单元20控制。如果第二探测装置22探测到非气体临界量分别地液体临界量,则控制单元20启动阀31的打开,从而从较高压力水平p2排出喷嘴的流在溶解室中溶解临界量到进入压缩机5的无害的小量。
压缩机5由电动机40驱动,该电动机40与压缩机5一起被封装在气密壳体41中,其中,电动机转子和压缩机转子均连接到一个由未示出的磁性轴承支撑的轴。电源线50和信号线51将岸上设施12与压缩机单元1的控制单元21连接起来。

Claims (9)

1.一种压缩机单元(1),其具有压缩机(5),具有抽吸管路(2)和排放管路(3),具有控制单元(21),所述控制单元(21)控制所述压缩机(5)和/或相邻模块,其特征在于,至少一个探测装置(21、22)设置在所述抽吸管路(2)中以在待压缩流体中的非气态流体量进入所述压缩机(5)的途中识别所述非气态流体量,所述探测装置(21、22)以信号传输的方式连接到所述控制单元(20)。
2.如权利要求1所述的压缩机单元(1),其特征在于,所述控制单元(20)控制所述压缩机(5)的操作速度并且被构建成使得当所探测到的非气体量超过一定限度时,降低所述操作速度。
3.如前述权利要求1、2中任一项所述的压缩机单元(1),其特征在于,所述压缩机单元(1)包括溶解单元(30),所述溶解单元(30)在非气体量进入所述压缩机(5)的途中溶解该非气体量,而且当所探测到的非气态流体量超过一定限度时,所述溶解被启动。
4.如前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的压缩机单元(1),其特征在于,所述压缩机单元(1)包括电动机(40),所述电动机(40)与所述压缩机(5)一起被封装在气密壳体(41)中。
5.如前述权利要求1-4中任一项所述的压缩机单元(1),其特征在于,所述压缩机单元(1)包括位于所述抽吸管路(2)中的分离器(4),所述分离器(4)在所述流体进入所述压缩机(5)之前将非气态流体量从所述流体分离出来。
6.如前述权利要求1-5中任一项所述的压缩机单元(1),其特征在于,探测装置(21、22)设置在所述分离器(4)的上游和/或下游。
7.一种操作压缩机单元(1)的方法,所述压缩机单元包括压缩机(5)、抽吸管路(2)、排放管路(3)和控制单元(20),所述控制单元(20)控制所述压缩机(5)的操作和/或相邻模块的操作,其特征在于,设置至少一个探测装置(21、22)以探测待压缩流体中的非气态流体量,并且所述探测装置以信号传输的方式连接到所述控制单元(20),并且所述控制单元(20)改变所述压缩机或相邻模块的操作,作为对所述流体中非气态流体量的探测的反应。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述抽吸管路中的非气态流体量被探测到超过一定限度时,所述控制单元(20)降低所述压缩机(5)的操作速度。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,设置溶解单元(30),并且当所述探测装置(21、22)探测到非气体量超过一定限度时,所述控制单元(20)在非气体量进入所述压缩机的途中启动对该非气体量的溶解。
CN200980106407XA 2008-02-25 2009-02-18 压缩机单元以及操作压缩机单元的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101960152B (zh)

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EP08003399A EP2093429A1 (en) 2008-02-25 2008-02-25 Compressor unit
EP08003399.6 2008-02-25
PCT/EP2009/051919 WO2009106465A1 (en) 2008-02-25 2009-02-18 Compressor unit

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US (1) US8186968B2 (zh)
EP (2) EP2093429A1 (zh)
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AT (1) ATE519947T1 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0908533A2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2370975T3 (zh)
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CN101960152B (zh) 2013-11-06
EP2247858A1 (en) 2010-11-10
EP2247858B1 (en) 2011-08-10
EP2093429A1 (en) 2009-08-26
US20100322785A1 (en) 2010-12-23
WO2009106465A1 (en) 2009-09-03
RU2455530C2 (ru) 2012-07-10
US8186968B2 (en) 2012-05-29
RU2010139421A (ru) 2012-04-10
BRPI0908533A2 (pt) 2015-09-29
ES2370975T3 (es) 2011-12-26
ATE519947T1 (de) 2011-08-15

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