CN101959825A - Process for producing cement - Google Patents

Process for producing cement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101959825A
CN101959825A CN200980106622XA CN200980106622A CN101959825A CN 101959825 A CN101959825 A CN 101959825A CN 200980106622X A CN200980106622X A CN 200980106622XA CN 200980106622 A CN200980106622 A CN 200980106622A CN 101959825 A CN101959825 A CN 101959825A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cement
kiln
aforementioned
combustiblematerials
dust
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Pending
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CN200980106622XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
寺崎淳一
斋藤绅一郎
林田贵宽
小川佳久
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Publication of CN101959825A publication Critical patent/CN101959825A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
    • C04B7/364Avoiding environmental pollution during cement-manufacturing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
    • C04B7/43Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
    • C04B7/44Burning; Melting
    • C04B7/4407Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor, e.g. use of hazardous waste as secondary fuel ; Use of particular energy sources, e.g. waste hot gases from other processes
    • C04B7/4438Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor, e.g. use of hazardous waste as secondary fuel ; Use of particular energy sources, e.g. waste hot gases from other processes the fuel being introduced directly into the rotary kiln
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/008Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases

Abstract

Heavy metals including lead are efficiently separated from cement production steps without exerting any influence on cement quality while ensuring the safety of the cement production apparatus and avoiding an increase in environmental burden. A combustible substance containing at least 20 mass% carbon matter is supplied to that region in a cement kiln which has a temperature of 900-1,300 DEG C. A kiln discharge gas passage extending from the bottom of the cement kiln to a lowermost-stage cyclone is bled of part of the combustion gas, and the dust contained in the combustion gas is collected. Heavy metals are separated from the dust collected.In the region of the cement kiln, the heavy metals can be volatilized at a volatilization ratio of 80% or higher. When the carbon matter content in the combustible substance is expressed by a mass% and the amount of the carbon-matter-containing combustible substance to be introduced into the cement kiln is expressed by ss kg per ton of clinker production, then the product of a and ss preferably is 30 to 5,000.

Description

Cement manufacturing method
Technical field
Present invention is directed to a kind of cement manufacturing method, particularly relevant for the kiln exhaust gas stream of a kind of kiln tail from cement kiln, from the method for the dust that the gas of the part extraction of combustion gases is contained with heavy metal class separation such as lead to hypomere cyclone.
Background technology
Thought in the past, because plumbous (Pb) immobilization in the cement, so do not have dissolved to soil.Yet along with the increase of the amount of applying flexibly of utilizing resource again of in recent years device for producing cement, the amount of the lead in the cement also increases, and significantly surpasses present amount just gradually.Owing to, the possibility of dissolved to soil also arranged, need the lead concentration in the cement is reduced to present amount degree along with concentration increases.
Again, in recent years, promote the cement raw materialization of waste or utilizing again of turning sludge into fuel, along with the treatment capacity of waste increases, the amount of bringing volatilization compositions such as chlorine to cement kiln, Sulfur, alkali into also increases, and the generation of chlorine bypass dust also increases.Chlorine bypass dust utilizes in the cement pulverising step, but owing to expect the increase of its generation or contain the surpassing of cement permissible concentration of the heavy metal class of lead, so require the exploitation that utilizes method of residual nitrogen bypass dust.
In view of above-mentioned point, remove the treatment process that discloses a kind of waste for the chlorine composition in the waste that will be supplied to the cement manufacturing step and plumbous composition separate effectively in patent documentation 1, the alkali dissolved step of the solid-state component that it has the water-washing step of waste, filtered, from then on filtrate makes plumbous precipitation and the taking off plumbous step, make calcium deposit and the decalcification step of separating, this filtrate is heated so that muriate is separated out and the chlorine recycling step of Separation and Recovery from the filtrate of taking off lead of separations.
Again, the treatment process of a kind of waste of patent documentation 2 record, it has when the flying dust the like waste is removed lead and zinc classification, and the solution that will contain calcium ion mixes and after obtaining mud, solid-liquid separation, and obtain to contain the solid-state component of zinc and contain the step of the aqueous solution of lead; After vulcanizing agent made an addition to the aqueous solution that contains lead, solid-liquid separation obtained lead sulfide and contains the step of the solution of calcium ion.
Moreover, a kind of method of patent documentation 3 records, it is from the recovery heavy metal classes such as chlorine bypass dust in the generation of cement manufacturing step, be separated into from the cement manufacturing step and contain heavy metal class dust, containing heavy metal class dust from this extracts the part of cement kiln combustion gases out, the dust control of dust that the combustion gases of institute's extraction are contained, and remove or reclaim from thallium, lead, more than 1 of selenium selection.
Open communique 2003-1218 number of [patent documentation 1] Japanese Patent
Open communique 2003-201524 number of [patent documentation 2] Japanese Patent
Open communique 2006-347794 number of [patent documentation 3] Japanese Patent
Summary of the invention
Invent problem to be solved
Yet, in the conventional art of above-mentioned patent documentation record, remove contained heavy metal classes such as lead such as chlorine bypass dust, but the ratio that is removed to the heavy metal class outside the system via chlorine bypass dust only is all about 30%, say it for example, even the heavy metal class in the chlorine bypass dust is removed 100%, about 70% of residue still enters to from the grog of cement kiln discharge, so make the heavy metal class containing ratio reduction of cement and be not easy.Therefore, promote the volatilization of the heavy metal class in the cement kiln, the enrichment factor that improves in the heavy metal class of chlorine bypass dust etc. is important.
Say it for example, the volatilization technology of heavy metal class is known chlorine volatilization method and reduction volatilization method.Yet, when the chloride volatility process that will generally carry out is applied to the cement sintering step, on cement is made, need to drop into the chlorine that surpasses general amount far away.On the other hand, owing to use the reduction volatilization method, it is yellow that the color of cement is, so throw into question at the quality face of cement.
Again, in order to improve the evaporation rate of heavy metal class, the oxygen concn that the kiln afterbody that suppresses cement kiln is for example also arranged, form the atmosphere surrounding that produces CO gas, but generation because of CO gas, generation is used for the danger of electrostatic precipitation machine blast of control of dust of the burning and gas-exhausting of cement kiln, and the anxiety that is expelled to the increase of the environmental pressure that causes outside the system because of CO gas is arranged.
Therefore, the present invention is promptly in view of the problem points of above-mentioned conventional art and invent, and the quality that its purpose ties up to not cement impacts down, guarantees the security of device for producing cement, and also avoid the increase of environmental pressure, can good efficiencies the heavy metal class be separated from the cement manufacturing step.
In order to solve the means of problem
The inventor etc. endeavour the result of research repeatedly for reaching above-mentioned purpose, find can improve the evaporation rate of heavy metal class by the combustiblematerials of carbon composition containing ratio more than preset value is fed in the cement kiln in the sintering step that comprises this cement kiln.
The present invention promptly invents according to this opinion, it is characterized in that, the combustiblematerials that will contain the above carbon composition of 20 quality % is supplied to the zone more than 900 ℃, below 1300 ℃ of cement kiln, kiln exhaust gas path from the kiln tail of this cement kiln certainly to hypomere cyclone is with the part extraction of combustion gases, the dust control of dust that these combustion gases are contained separates the heavy metal class from the dust of institute's control of dust.In addition, carbon composition system helps the composition of burning, separable heavy metal class system lead, zinc, cadmium, antimony, selenium, arsenic, thallium.
When above-mentioned combustiblematerials is fed into cement kiln less than 900 ℃ part the time, before arriving the zone of heavy metal class with the good efficiencies volatilization, major part is just burnt, be difficult to fully improve the evaporation rate of heavy metal class, on the other hand, when the part that is fed into more than 1300 ℃, it is yellow that the color of cement is, so throw into question at the quality face of cement.By dropping into combustiblematerials to above-mentioned temperature province, can improve the evaporation rate of the heavy metal class of the kiln afterbody in cement kiln effectively, by utilizing the chlorine bypath system, improve enrichment factor in the heavy metal class of chlorine bypass dust, the heavy metal class clearance of cement manufacturing step is risen.
In above-mentioned cement manufacturing method, in the aforementioned areas of cement kiln, can make aforementioned heavy metal class volatilization by the evaporation rate more than 80%.
Again, in above-mentioned cement manufacturing method, the carbon composition containing ratio that makes aforementioned combustiblematerials is α quality %, and the combustiblematerials amount that order is fed into aforementioned carbon composition of containing of aforementioned cement kiln is the every 1t of grog turnout when being β kg, make α and β long-pending be more than 30, below 5000.Long-pending less than 30 time as α and β, be difficult for fully improving the evaporation rate of heavy metal class, on the other hand, when amassing of α and β surpasses 5000, even drop into the carbon composition surpass, it is the highest that the evaporation rate of heavy metal class still reaches, when when having valency to buy, also cause the increase of the required cost of the use of this combustiblematerials, so unactual.
Moreover, in above-mentioned cement manufacturing method, during with the dust control of dust, can use dry mechanical dust collector or wet type precipitron from the combustion gases of aforementioned extraction.
In above-mentioned cement manufacturing method, when aforementioned combustiblematerials being supplied to the zone more than 900 ℃, below 1300 ℃ of cement kiln, can use and this combustiblematerials is fed into the kiln tail of cement kiln or under by the state that coats with the material of temperature decomposition, be fed into the preheater that is attached to aforementioned cement kiln, in order to time Difference Solution carbonaceous material, or aforementioned combustiblematerials directly is fed into arbitrary method in the kiln from the inlet that is arranged at the cement kiln body.
Again, in above-mentioned cement manufacturing method, make aforementioned combustiblematerials be more than 1 or 2 of group selection from the unburned carbon formation that contained by coke, coal-tar pitch, tire, coal, hard coal, bituminous coal, brown charcoal (lignite), brown coal (brown coal), graphite, flame retardancy plastics, resol, furane resin, thermosetting resin, Mierocrystalline cellulose, charcoal, used toner, mixing coke, thin coke, electrode fragment, activated charcoal, carbide and flying dust.
Moreover, in above-mentioned cement manufacturing method, aforementioned combustiblematerials can be carried out being fed in the aforementioned cement kiln after granularity adjusts with granulation or gradation.Owing to when combustiblematerials is path,,, can't guarantee efficient evaporation rate so the feed rate of heavy metal class in the volatilization temperature zone reduces because of the gas by kiln disperses to low temperature side.Standard is preferably in season, and the combustiblematerials particle diameter is d p, the gas wind speed of throw-in part is V pThe time, from the settling velocity formula d of stokes x 2=(18 * μ * V p)/((ρ pgThe d that) * g) obtained xBe d p<d xThe time, adjusting granularity with granulation or gradation is d xMore than particle diameter.At this, μ is the gas viscosity, ρ pBe fuel compactness, ρ gBe gas density, g is a universal gravity constant.About maximum particle diameter, when excessive, burning finishes till sneak into cement or form the sintering zone of cement minerals, and it is yellow that the color of cement is, and the anxiety that has the quality face at cement to throw into question is so be preferably the size that they is not exerted an influence.
In above-mentioned cement manufacturing method, the particle diameter of aforementioned combustiblematerials can be more than the 1mm, below the 50mm.When the particle diameter of combustiblematerials during less than 1mm, heavy metal reduces in the feed rate in volatilization temperature zone, can't guarantee effective evaporation rate, on the other hand, when the particle diameter of combustiblematerials surpasses 50mm, there is the heavy metal class to sneak into and is yellow to the color of cement or cement, and the anxiety that throws into question at the quality face of cement.
The invention effect
As previously discussed,, the quality of cement is not impacted, guarantee the security of device for producing cement, also can avoid the increase of environmental pressure, and can good efficiencies the heavy metal class be separated from the cement manufacturing step according to the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is demonstration in order to the sketch chart of one of device of the cement manufacturing method of implementing the present invention example.
Fig. 2 is the schema that shows all structures of chlorine shunting device that are attached to the cement sintering oven.
Fig. 3 is the coordinate diagram of test-results of evaporation rate that show to use the lead of electric furnace.
Fig. 4 is the coordinate diagram of test-results that shows the present invention's cement manufacturing method.
Nomenclature
1: device for producing cement
2: cement kiln
2a: kiln tail
3: calcining furnace
4: hypomere cyclone
5: throwing device
10: the chlorine shunting device
11: air extractor
12: cooling fan
13: sizer
14: precipitron
15: fan
Embodiment
For the optimal way that carries out an invention
Then, with regard to the present invention's embodiment, the one side reference is graphic, the one side explanation.In addition, in following explanation, will being that example illustrates as the situation of the lead separation of one of heavy metal class according to embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the device for producing cement that show to be suitable for cement manufacturing method of the present invention, and this device for producing cement 1 has the throwing device 5 in order to the kiln tail 2a that combustiblematerials C is fed into cement kiln (being designated hereinafter simply as " kiln ") 2 (end that calcining furnace 3 and hypomere cyclone 4 have).
On the other hand; as shown in Figure 2; has chlorine shunting device 10 in kiln 2; the withdrawing gas of the kiln exhaust gas stream from the kiln tail 2a of kiln 2 to hypomere cyclone 4 (with reference to Fig. 1) is after the cold wind cooling of air extractor 11 with cooling fan 12; be directed into sizer 13, be separated into meal dust, micro mist and gas.The meal dust is back to kiln system, and the micro mist (chlorine bypass dust) that contains Repone K (KCI) etc. reclaims with precipitron 14.Via fan 15, be back to the preheater that is attached to kiln 2 or the exhaust flow paths such as outlet of preheater from the exhaust of precipitron 14 discharges.
Then, just use the present invention's of above-mentioned device for producing cement 1 cement manufacturing method to explain.
In Fig. 1, in the cement sintering of kiln 2, combustiblematerials C is fed into the kiln tail 2a of kiln 2 with throwing device 5.The above person of carbon composition 20 quality % is contained in this combustiblematerials C system, can use coke, coal-tar pitch, tire, coal, hard coal, bituminous coal, brown charcoal, brown coal, graphite, flame retardancy plastics, resol, furane resin, thermosetting resin, Mierocrystalline cellulose, charcoal, used toner, mixing coke, carefully coke, electrode fragment, activated charcoal, carbide and unburned carbon that flying dust contained etc.To have this kind carbon composition containing ratio combustiblematerials C input the reasons are as follows described.
Fig. 3 is the coordinate diagram of test-results of evaporation rate that show to use the lead of electric furnace, relatively in electric furnace, to take from the cement manufacturing step enter the preceding raw material of kiln 2 (from the raw material of hypomere cyclone 4 discharges) 1000 coke (fixed carbon 87%=α) is added 50 (50kg/t-cli quite=β, α * β=4350) and agglomerating situation and only putting into from the raw material of hypomere cyclone 4 discharges and the situation of sintering.From then on figure also can understand that when putting into coke, in the zone of 900 ℃~1300 ℃ of sintering temperatures, the evaporation rate of lead significantly rises.About this temperature range is equivalent to from the kiln tail 2a of kiln 2 to central part.
Be included in the gas of being extracted out with air extractor 11 at the plumbous of kiln 2 volatilizations in Fig. 2, withdrawing gas is directed into sizer 13 after air extractor 11 coolings, be separated into meal dust, micro mist and gas, and micro mist reclaims with precipitron 14.In this micro mist, volatilize correspondingly morely with lead, lead concentrates manyly more in the past, thus by this lead is separated, can be plumbous with the good efficiencies removal from the cement manufacturing step, the plumbous containing ratio of the cement clinker of manufacturing in kiln 2 is reduced.
[embodiment]
As shown in table 1, embodiment uses combustiblematerials A (fixed carbon composition 30 quality %), and comparative example uses combustiblematerials B (fixed carbon composition 17 quality %), uses throwing device 5, and both are fed into the kiln tail 2a of kiln 2, more plumbous evaporation rate.
[table 1]
Embodiment Comparative example
Combustiblematerials A B
Thermal value 30MJ/kg (about 7,000kcal/kg) 16MJ/kg (about 4,000kcal/kg)
The volatilization composition 67% 70%
Fixed carbon 30% 17%
As shown in table 2, the input amount that embodiment system makes combustiblematerials A is carried out test in 3 days 3 change of rank to each grade, and the grog (goods) of taking to enter preceding the raw materials (a) of kiln 2 and passing through kiln 2 backs (b) is calculated plumbous evaporation rate with following formula.(1-b/a)×100%。In addition, in this formula, a represents the plumbous containing ratio of raw material, and b represents the plumbous containing ratio of grog.On the other hand, the input amount that comparative example system makes combustiblematerials B is carried out test in 3 days 3 change of rank to each grade, similarly measures plumbous evaporation rate with embodiment.In addition, in this comparative example, the input amount of combustiblematerials A is kept necessarily.
[table 2]
Figure BPA00001211508700071
Because the grog turnout of the kiln 2 in the embodiment of table 2 and comparative example during test is 285t/h, so when the input amount of combustiblematerials A is the 2t/h of grade 1,2000kg/h ÷ 285t/h=7kg/t-cli..Thereby, in the grade 1 of embodiment, when 7kg/t-cli.=α, the fixed carbon 30%=β of combustiblematerials A, α * β=210.
Again, when similarly calculating, in the grade 2 of embodiment, when 3.5kg/t-cli.=α, the fixed carbon 30%=β of combustiblematerials A, α * β=105.
Show above-mentioned test-results in Fig. 4, from this figure as can be known, in comparative example, grade 1 to 3, plumbous evaporation rate can't be found out variation, in an embodiment, along with from grade 1 to grade 3, that is along with the input amount that reduces combustiblematerials A, plumbous evaporation rate reduces gradually.Thus, as can be known, the input of the combustiblematerials of fixed carbon composition 30 quality % helps to rise on the plumbous evaporation rate.
Then, as shown in table 3, embodiment ties up to the kiln 2 of grog turnout 85t/h, the input amount that makes combustiblematerials C (fixed carbon 87%=α) is 4 change of rank, comparative example system does not drop into combustiblematerials C in kiln 2, take to enter preceding raw materials (a) of kiln 2 and the grog (goods) by kiln 2 backs (b), use aforementioned calculation formula is measured plumbous evaporation rate.From then on table can understand that in comparative example, plumbous evaporation rate does not reach 80%, and with respect to this, in an embodiment, along with the increase of the input amount of combustiblematerials C, plumbous evaporation rate improves.
[table 3]
Figure BPA00001211508700081
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, combustiblematerials C is fed into the kiln tail 2a of kiln 2 with throwing device 5, but also can be under by state with the material coating of temperature decomposition, be fed into the preheater that is attached to kiln 2, in order to time Difference Solution carbonaceous material, when the carbonaceous material that is fed into preheater reaches the zone more than 900 ℃, below 1300 ℃ of kiln 2, contain the above carbon composition of 20 quality %, can bring into play effect same as described above.Also combustiblematerials C directly can be fed in the kiln 2 from the inlet of the body that is arranged at kiln 2 again.
Again, in the above-described embodiment, illustration from the situation of chlorine bypass dust with the lead separation, about lead, zinc, cadmium, antimony, selenium, arsenic, thallium also can with separate with above-mentioned identical main points.

Claims (8)

1. cement manufacturing method, it is characterized in that, the combustiblematerials that will contain the above carbon composition of 20 quality % is supplied to the zone more than 900 ℃, below 1300 ℃ of cement kiln, kiln exhaust gas path from the kiln tail of this cement kiln certainly to hypomere cyclone is with the part extraction of combustion gases, the dust control of dust that these combustion gases are contained separates the heavy metal class from the dust of institute's control of dust.
2. cement manufacturing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, makes aforementioned heavy metal class volatilization with the evaporation rate more than 80% in the aforementioned areas of cement kiln.
3. cement manufacturing method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the carbon composition containing ratio that makes aforementioned combustiblematerials is α quality %, order is fed into the combustiblematerials amount of aforementioned carbon composition of containing of aforementioned cement kiln for when the every 1t of grog turnout is β kg, makes α and β that amassing is more than 30, below 5000.
4. as the cement manufacturing method as described in the claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, when during with the dust control of dust, using dry mechanical dust collector or wet type precipitron from the combustion gases of aforementioned extraction.
5. as the cement manufacturing method as described in each in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, when aforementioned combustiblematerials being supplied to the zone more than 900 ℃, below 1300 ℃ of cement kiln, use is fed into this combustiblematerials on the kiln tail of cement kiln, or be fed into the preheater that is attached to aforementioned cement kiln under by the state that coats with the material of temperature decomposition in order to time Difference Solution carbonaceous material, or aforementioned combustiblematerials directly is fed into arbitrary method in the kiln from the inlet that is arranged at the cement kiln body.
6. as the cement manufacturing method as described in each in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, make aforementioned combustiblematerials be more than 1 or 2 of group selection who constitutes from the unburned carbon that is contained by coke, coal-tar pitch, tire, coal, hard coal, bituminous coal, brown charcoal, brown coal, graphite, flame retardancy plastics, resol, furane resin, thermosetting resin, Mierocrystalline cellulose, charcoal, used toner, mixing coke, thin coke, electrode fragment, activated charcoal, carbide and flying dust.
7. as the cement manufacturing method as described in each in the claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that, aforementioned combustiblematerials is carried out being fed in the aforementioned cement kiln after granularity adjusts with granulation or gradation.
8. as the cement manufacturing method as described in the claim 7, it is characterized in that, the particle diameter of aforementioned combustiblematerials be 1mm above, below the 50mm.
CN200980106622XA 2008-03-10 2009-02-25 Process for producing cement Pending CN101959825A (en)

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JP5348793B2 (en) * 2010-03-24 2013-11-20 太平洋セメント株式会社 Cement production method with low repellent components
JP5919911B2 (en) * 2012-03-14 2016-05-18 三菱マテリアル株式会社 Exhaust gas treatment method and exhaust gas treatment device for cement manufacturing facility
CN109081618B (en) * 2018-07-27 2020-06-19 华南理工大学 Method for reducing volatilization of heavy metal lead in cement clinker sintering
CN111807731B (en) * 2020-07-24 2022-08-30 长沙紫宸科技开发有限公司 Method for cooperatively treating chlor-alkali salt mud in cement kiln
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