CN101956198B - Surface composite strengthening technology for precipitation hardening stainless steel and precipitation hardening stainless steel material - Google Patents
Surface composite strengthening technology for precipitation hardening stainless steel and precipitation hardening stainless steel material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101956198B CN101956198B CN2010105053191A CN201010505319A CN101956198B CN 101956198 B CN101956198 B CN 101956198B CN 2010105053191 A CN2010105053191 A CN 2010105053191A CN 201010505319 A CN201010505319 A CN 201010505319A CN 101956198 B CN101956198 B CN 101956198B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surface composite strengthening technology for precipitation hardening stainless steel and a precipitation hardening stainless steel material processed by the technology. In the technology, two laser beams are utilized to carry out controllable selection deep-layer solid solution and alloying composite strengthening treatment on a substrate synchronously, thus solving the problem existing when two techniques of solid solution and alloying are synchronously composited, and the invention also provides a laser treatment method which not only has high local fatigue resistance and high solid solution strengthening depth but also obtains higher surface hardness, wear resistance and anti-cavitation performance, so that the overall strengthening layer depth, performance and hardening gradient of the material at a processing area are controlled, and the application range of the precipitation stainless steel is enlarged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of PH Stainless Steel material, relate in particular to a kind of surface recombination reinforcing technology of PH Stainless Steel.
Background technology
PH Stainless Steel; Advantages such as having that specific tenacity is big, yield tensile ratio is high, toughly have both, elastic performance is excellent, solidity to corrosion and Heat stability is good, processing forming and welding property are good has been widely used in key areas such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, machinofacture, nuclear power at present.Especially have carbon-free martensitic transformation and strengthen and the synergetic HS aged stainless steel of two kinds of effects of ageing strengthening, be widely used in the important component of industrial important equipment such as large vol turbine component, nuclear reactor component, rocket motor case, guided missile and aircraft or weapon.Undertaking the key player in modern industry or the national defence by the component of said material manufacturing, their inefficacy is fatal often, will bring about great losses.These inefficacies have a common feature, and promptly the failure modes such as wearing and tearing, fatigue and corrosion by local location cause.
Present whole solution treatment generally adopts solid solution to add the technology of timeliness, and promptly elder generation is incubated more than whole workpiece is heated to the solvus temperature, obtains homogeneous single phase sosoloid, is chilled to room temperature then soon and obtains supersaturated solid solution; Again the alloy after the solution treatment is heated to below the solvus and realizes that precipitation decomposes behind a certain temperature insulation certain hour, realize strengthening through separating out copper-rich phase (e-Cu) and carbide etc.The ordinary method that is used for surface Hardening Treatment mainly contains surface carburization or carbonitriding, metallic cementation, thermospray etc.
Whole solution treatment and conventional surface treatment are that vital role has been brought into play in the performance excavation of PH Stainless Steel; Yet no matter be whole solution treatment or surface treatment, along with going deep into of research, problem begins to manifest: (1) both can not need integral body to be heated to high temperature with avoiding; And long-time insulation; Not only cost is high for this process, energy consumption is big, and the oxidation in heat and the process of cooling, workpiece deformation be difficult to avoid, and performance is difficult to assurance; The whole heating of secondary during (2) owing to surface treatments such as nitriding or titaniums certainly will exert an influence to original matrix solid solution precipitation strength mutually.In addition, the thickness of latter's surface strengthen layer relatively approaches (being generally micron order); If also there is the danger of disbonding in the employing spraying method.Along with improving constantly of single-machine capacity; The largest circumference speed of steel blade has been brought up to more than the 650m/s; The stress level of blade is higher; Conventional surface heat treatment technicss such as carbide inserts, high frequency quenching, flame harden, though improve rotor blade anti-impact cavitation erosion ability, all being accompanied by sacrifice blade-section fatigue strength performance is cost.In the face of the phenomenon of such serious day by day important spare part partial failure, whole solid solution or conventional process for treating surface obviously can't adapt to.
In the LASER HEAT TREATMENT Application Areas, utilize laser solid solution or alloying process that turbine blade has been had relevant report.Publication number is the laser reinforcing process that the patent documentation of CN1740350A discloses a kind of turbine blade leading edge; It relates to laser solid solution technology; Cavitation resistive property increases after treatment; But the hardness on top layer does not reach to optimal state, and through the work in about 1 year, the surface began to occur imperceptible cavitation erosion pit approximately.In case and the characteristics of cavitation erosion are age spot to occur, the speed of cavitation erosion will be accelerated.Obviously require attrition resistant parts for blade that runs up or top layer, its surface hardness is not high enough.In addition; Publication number is PH Stainless Steel and preparation technology and the application that the patent documentation of CN100500940C discloses a kind of surface laser alloying; What it related to is the laser alloying technology; Though after treatment, the surface hardness of PH Stainless Steel significantly improves, and cavitation resistive property is also improved significantly.But because this type of material produces transformation hardening hardly, the sudden change of the hardness of alloying layer and matrix be and the degree of depth of alloying layer more shallow.For the long blade leading edge under the high-speed cruising; The cavitation erosion age spot promptly appears in this position after operation in two, three years, because it does not have 2Cr13 class material than inferior top layer transition layer of hardness, in a single day alloying layer is passed in cavitation erosion; The hardness of matrix subsequently is low again, and cavitation erosion speed is obviously accelerated.Therefore, for the blade of this type of material, single laser processing method still can not satisfy the requirement of actual blade.
Summary of the invention
The contriver thinks that optimal Hardness Distribution should be a top layer tool high firmness, to prolong the time that the plain silk fabrics cavitation erosion penetrates alloying layer; Inferior top layer has certain depth and hardness again, and such combination can significantly improve the cavitation resistive property of material.Yet, in the test of practical application, adopting first laser solution treatment, surface oxide layer is removed in polishing again, presets alloy powder coating, Laser Alloying Treatment, the complex techniques process of ageing treatment.And owing to be divided into secondary treatment, blade clamping not tool repeatability, solid solution layer does not overlap with alloying layer; Solid solution after the polishing leaf temperature in room temperature, the energy consumption of its Alloying Treatment is higher.Therefore, the present invention proposes solid solution of controlled constituency property deep layer and alloying synchronous composite intensifying technology, and high performance requirements, the technology that can satisfy this type of material blade are reliable, can save energy and reduce the cost again, improves cost performance of product.Also there is not any report in the prior art to this type of PH Stainless Steel material laser deep layer solid solution and alloying synchronous composite intensifying technology.
Can't satisfy the good performance demands of PH Stainless Steel material needed local strengthening layer depth drawn game quality award from the ministry simultaneously to Conventional Heat Treatment or process of surface treatment and laser solid solution and alloying; The present invention propose a kind of with laser as thermal source, the workpiece of this type of made is carried out controlled constituency property deep layer solid solution and alloying composite reinforcement process.The objective of the invention is to solve the difficult problem of solid solution and two kinds of technological synchronous composite existence of alloying; And a kind of both the had local highly anti-fatigue intensity and the solution strengthening degree of depth be provided, obtain the laser processing method of high surfaces hardness, wear-resistant and cavitation resistive property simultaneously again.Make the overall strengthening layer degree of depth of treatment zone material, performance, sclerosis gradient be able to control, enlarged the stainless use range of deposition.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme below the present invention has adopted:
A kind of surface recombination reinforcing technology of PH Stainless Steel comprises the steps:
(1) surface of washing and precipitating hardening stainless steel matrix treatment zone, air drying;
(2) the surface-coated alloy coat of the PH Stainless Steel matrix treatment zone after cleaning;
(3) treat the alloy coat drying after, utilize laser apparatus to carry out deep layer solid solution of laser surface constituency and top layer alloy strengthening synchronous processing; The first bundle laser beam carries out the laser solid solution, and its power density is 500～2000W/cm
2, laser solid solution blanketing with inert gas simultaneously solution treatment district; The second bundle laser beam carries out laser alloying, and its power density is 4～9kW/cm
2Two bundle laser beam between centers are 50～100mm, and the synchronous translational speed of two bundle laser beams is 100～400mm/min;
(4) carry out ageing treatment at last, aging temperature is 400 ℃-570 ℃, and the ageing treatment time is 2.0～5.0h.
As preferably, the weight percent of above-mentioned alloy coat is: Cr 15～20%, Ni 10～15%, W 6～8%, Fe 7～8%, Si 1.2～1.5%, V 0.5～0.8%, Re 0.1%, surplus Co, granularity is 1～6 μ m.
As preferably, the spot size scope of the above-mentioned first bundle laser beam (solid solution) be (8～20) mm * (6～12) mm, second restraint laser beam (alloying) the spot size scope be (8～20) mm * (1～5) mm.
Said PH Stainless Steel matrix is stainless materials such as 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb (17-4PH) or X5CrNiCuNb16-4.Said laser apparatus is crossing current CO
2Laser apparatus.
According to the PH Stainless Steel material of above-mentioned surface recombination reinforcing prepared, laser surface solid solution and alloying controllable thickness, its top layer is that thickness is the alloying strengthening layer of 0.1～0.2mm, secondly the top layer is that thickness is the solution strengthening layer of 1～3mm.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, such scheme creatively combines two kinds of technology of solid solution and alloying; The PH Stainless Steel matrix is carried out controlled constituency property deep layer solid solution and the reinforcement of alloying synchronous composite; Thereby a kind of both the had local highly anti-fatigue intensity and the solution strengthening degree of depth are provided, obtain simultaneously the laser processing method of high surfaces hardness, wear-resistant and cavitation resistive property again.Overcome in the prior art, can't carry out the technological prejudice of synchronous processing than big-difference because of solid solution and two kinds of treatment process of alloying.
2, such scheme is through applying the oxidation that protection of inert gas (promptly between two bundle laser beams, adding co-axial gas shield device) prevents powdered alloy in the solution treatment district after the first bundle laser beam treatment; Guarantee the performance of laser alloying coating, can play the effect of suitable cooling solid solution layer simultaneously again.Avoided the first bundle light to carry out not adding the protection refrigerating unit after the solid solution, and the second bundle light directly carry out alloying, after this can cause the laser solid solution, the oxidation of powdered alloy, influence alloying layer performance subsequently.
3, such scheme suppresses grain growth through in powdered alloy, adding rare earth element Re, crystal grain thinning; And improve the anti-tempered performance of alloy layer, improve material surface hardness and cavitation resistive property with this, avoid Combined Processing to finish after; When material was carried out ageing treatment, because tempering takes place the alloy layer tissue, tissue can be grown up; And possibly cause hard phase decomposition wherein, reduce the hardness of alloy layer.
4, the PH Stainless Steel material after the employing such scheme Laser Combined intensified process, matrix top layer and powdered alloy form the ideal metallurgical binding, and surface quality is good, and flawless is shaped.Its hardness is significantly improved than matrix, and the hardness of alloying layer is at HV
0.2500-800, the degree of depth is 0.1-0.2mm; The hardness of the solution strengthening layer on inferior top layer is at HV
0.2400-500, the degree of depth is 1-3mm.Adopt such scheme, improved the stainless reinforcement hardness of 17-4PH and the degree of depth, the wear-resisting cavitation resistive property that undermines, widened this type of stainless range of application greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that property solid solution of laser of the present invention constituency and alloying deep layer complex intensifying are handled synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the PH Stainless Steel material reinforcement layer synoptic diagram after composite reinforcement process of the present invention is handled;
Embodiment
Do a detailed explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
The surface recombination reinforcing technology of a kind of PH Stainless Steel as shown in Figure 1, wherein, 1 is the first bundle laser beam, and 2 is the second bundle laser beam, and 3 and 4 are gas shield device, and 5 is laser beam heading, 6 is workpiece.Workpiece 6 materials are the 17-4PH stainless steel; The surface through 98% acetone 2 times after; Presetting one deck width is that 16mm, thickness are the alloy coat of 0.4mm, and composition is W6%, Cr19%, Ni10%, Fe7%, Si1.2%, V0.8%, Re0.1%, surplus Co; After to be dried, carry out laser treatment.
The laser beam source is CO
2Laser apparatus, its wavelength are 10.6 μ m, and the power density of the first bundle laser beam is 1.875kW/cm
2, spot size is 16mm * 10mm, protective medium is an argon gas.The power density of the second bundle laser beam is 6kW/cm
2, spot size is 16mm * 3mm, synchronous scanning speed is 200mm/min.Processing through 440 ℃/2 hours.The maximum hardness that obtains the top layer at last is HV
0.2: 740; Average hardness is HV
0.2: 540; The degree of depth is the alloying layer of 110 μ m; Secondly be HV for average hardness
0.2430, the degree of depth is the solution strengthening layer of 2.0mm.Cavitation resistive property improves about 2 times than protocorm.
Workpiece complex intensifying layer is as shown in Figure 2, and wherein, 61 is matrix, and 62 is the heat affected zone, and 63 is laser solution strengthening layer, and 64 is laser alloying coating.
Embodiment 2:
In material is that coating one deck width is that 12mm, thickness are the alloy coat of 0.5mm on the 17-4PH stainless steel base, and composition is: W8%, Cr20%, Ni12%, Fe8%, Si1.5%, V0.5%, Re0.1%, surplus Co.After the drying, again through laser treatment, the power density 1.625kW/cm of first light beam
2, spot size 12mm * 8mm, heat-eliminating medium are argon gas.Aging temp is 440 ℃, 4h; The power density 9kWcm of second light beam
2, spot size 12mm * 1mm, synchronous scanning speed is 300mm/min.Obtaining alloying top layer average hardness at last is HV
0.2650, hardened layer is 150 μ m; Inferior top layer average hardness is HV
0.2410, hardened-depth is 1.5mm, and cavitation resistive property improves about 3 times than protocorm.
Claims (5)
1. the surface recombination reinforcing technology of a PH Stainless Steel is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) surface of washing and precipitating hardening stainless steel matrix treatment zone, air drying;
(2) the surface-coated alloy coat of the PH Stainless Steel matrix treatment zone after cleaning; The weight percent of said alloy coat is: Cr 15～20%, Ni10～15%, W 6～8%, Fe 7～8%, Si1.2～1.5%, V 0.5～0.8%, Re 0.1%, surplus Co, and granularity is 1～6 μ m;
(3) treat the alloy coat drying after, utilize laser apparatus to carry out deep layer solid solution of laser surface constituency and top layer alloy strengthening synchronous processing; The first bundle laser beam carries out the laser solid solution, and its power density is 500～2000W/cm
2, laser solid solution blanketing with inert gas simultaneously solution treatment district; The second bundle laser beam carries out laser alloying, and its power density is 4～9kW/cm
2Two bundle laser beam between centers are 50～100mm, and the synchronous translational speed of two bundle laser beams is 100～400mm/min;
(4) carry out ageing treatment at last, aging temperature is 400 ℃～570 ℃, and the ageing treatment time is 2.0～5.0h.
2. the surface recombination reinforcing technology of a kind of PH Stainless Steel according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The spot size scope of the said first bundle laser beam is (8～20) mm * (6～12) mm, and the spot size scope of the second bundle laser beam is (8～20) mm * (1～5) mm.
3. the surface recombination reinforcing technology of a kind of PH Stainless Steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said PH Stainless Steel matrix is the 17-4PH stainless material.
4. the surface recombination reinforcing technology of a kind of PH Stainless Steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said laser apparatus is crossing current CO
2Laser apparatus.
5. according to the PH Stainless Steel material of each described surface recombination reinforcing prepared in the claim 1 to 4, its top layer is that thickness is the alloying strengthening layer of 0.1～0.2mm, and secondly the top layer is that thickness is the solution strengthening layer of 1～3mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102168210B (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2012-07-25 | 杭州博华激光技术有限公司 | Laser cladding technological method and alloy material for laser cladding |
| CN103042759B (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2015-10-07 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of class sandwich structure strengthened coat of precipitate hardened stainless steel face |
| US9963757B2 (en) | 2013-12-02 | 2018-05-08 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Precipitation hardening of tantalum coated metals |
| CN104964655B (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2017-11-07 | 东旭科技集团有限公司 | A kind of chemically enhancing glass handles the method for testing of depth |
| CN108977626A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-12-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | The laser quenching on steam turbine blade surface and ageing treatment composite strengthening method |
| CN111500831A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-08-07 | 山东建筑大学 | Heat treatment process of 17-4PH base |
| CN111730014B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-03-01 | 江阴振宏重型锻造有限公司 | Method for reducing surface cracking of 17-4PH forging |
| CN114214493B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-04-07 | 北京科技大学 | High-strength corrosion-resistant steel rotary supporting seat ring and surface wear-resistant strengthening treatment method thereof |
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| CN100500877C (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2009-06-17 | 浙江工业大学 | Laser intensifying method on metal surface of water pump parts |
| CN100443597C (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-12-17 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Hardening technology for precipitation hardening stainless steel laser surface |
| CN100500940C (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-06-17 | 杭州博华激光技术有限公司 | surface laser alloyed precipitation hardening stainless steel and its preparation process and application |
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