CN101946085B - 燃料喷射*** - Google Patents
燃料喷射*** Download PDFInfo
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- CN101946085B CN101946085B CN2008801273564A CN200880127356A CN101946085B CN 101946085 B CN101946085 B CN 101946085B CN 2008801273564 A CN2008801273564 A CN 2008801273564A CN 200880127356 A CN200880127356 A CN 200880127356A CN 101946085 B CN101946085 B CN 101946085B
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0003—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
- F02M63/0005—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using valves actuated by fluid pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0245—High pressure fuel supply systems; Rails; Pumps; Arrangement of valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
- F02M37/0052—Details on the fuel return circuit; Arrangement of pressure regulators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/002—Arrangement of leakage or drain conduits in or from injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0003—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
- F02M63/0007—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using electrically actuated valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
- F02M63/0028—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means hydraulic
- F02M63/0029—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means hydraulic using a pilot valve controlling a hydraulic chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
- F02M63/0045—Three-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
- F02M63/0205—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine
- F02M63/021—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine by locking pump pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
- F02M63/0205—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine
- F02M63/0215—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine by draining or closing fuel conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
- F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
- F02M63/0265—Pumps feeding common rails
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于内燃发动机的燃料喷射***,该燃料喷射***包括:发动机管理***(EMS)(20);回流管路(13),该回流管路(13)连接到低压燃料***(4);共轨(6),该共轨(6)用于储存和向喷射器(7)供给相对高压力的燃料;和自动隔离阀(18),该自动隔离阀(18)安装在共轨(6)与喷射器(7)之间。喷射器具有用于将燃料喷射到发动机内的喷嘴(11)。由EMS(20)操作的阀(10)安装在共轨(6)与喷嘴(11)之间。由EMS(20)操作的溢流阀(12)通过其入口连接到阀(10)的出口且通过其出口连接到回流管路(13)。止回阀(25)安装在喷嘴(11)与回流管路(13)之间,使得所述止回阀的入口连接到喷嘴(11)的入口。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据独立权利要求的前序部分的、用于内燃发动机的燃料喷射***以及车辆。
背景技术
内燃发动机的燃料喷射***,特别是用于将燃料直接喷射到压燃式发动机的燃烧气缸内的***可以具有控制阀作为特征,所述控制阀用于从喷射器的喷嘴释放压力,以用于将燃料喷射到内燃发动机的燃烧室内。这样的解决方案典型地应用在共轨喷射***内,用于防止燃料通过关闭的喷嘴的泄漏,否则当使用例如DME的低粘性燃料时该泄漏难于避免。
这样的***的示例从图1中示出的现有技术中已知。在此设计为与DME一起运行的***中存在自动隔离阀(AIV),所述自动隔离阀用于防止当发动机停止时燃料从燃料供给***通过关闭的阀泄漏到发动机气缸内。这些自动隔离阀以环境压力为参考,且设计为:当燃料供给泵开启且喷射器的回流管路处的压力高于DME蒸气压时打开,且当供给泵关闭时关闭,以防止DME进入到喷射器。典型的AIV的描述例如在US 6,189,517B1中给出。AIV的一个放置在喷射器的每个的高压口处。喷射器的回流管路连接到一起,且共用的低压AIV放置在此连接的下游。通过此方式,低压AIV的数量保持为最小,以使得燃料喷射***更简单。从现有技术中也已知将高压AIV直接定位在喷嘴上游,但此设计导致增加的控制泄漏和在小喷射量下的更差的喷射可控性,原因是喷射之间排放的高压回路内的相关的体积增加。因此,图1中示出的现有技术***提供了在更小的控制泄漏下的改进的喷射可控性,且由于每个发动机的AIV的总数量等于喷射器数量加上一而相对简单。
然而,在现有技术中,限制在喷嘴和AIV之间的燃料的总体积可能相对大,这取决于喷射器的特定的设计。例如,已知使用整个喷射器间体积作为回流管路的部分,以简化组成部件的设计和接口界面。在此情况中,当发动机停止时可能通过喷嘴溢出到发动机的燃烧室内的燃料的总体积可能足够大而导致发动机的可起动性的问题,例如在第一燃烧中气缸过压。这也可能增加了总燃料消耗和未燃烧的碳氢化合物的排放。
自动隔离阀的使用增加了燃料喷射***的成本和复杂性,因为这样的阀的运行需要第三压力作为参考,使得必须提供且额外地密封用于此额外的压力的合适的流动路径。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种燃料喷射***,该燃料喷射***保证了更好的发动机可起动性且减少了燃料泄漏,同时将***的成本和复杂性保持为最小。
此目的通过独立的权利要求的特征实现。其他权利要求和说明书公开了本发明的有利的示例实施例。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种用于内燃发动机的燃料喷射***,该燃料喷射***包括:发动机管理***(EMS)20、连接到低压燃料***4的回流管路13、用于储存和向喷射器7供给相对高压力的燃料的共轨6、和安装在共轨6和喷射器7之间的自动隔离阀8。所述喷射器具有用于将燃料喷射到发动机内的喷嘴11。由EMS 20操作的阀10安装在共轨6和喷嘴11之间。由EMS 20操作的溢流阀12通过其入口连接到阀10的出口且通过其出口连接到回流管路13。止回阀25设置在喷嘴11和回流管路13之间,使得所述止回阀的入口连接到喷嘴11的入口。
在另一个示例实施例中,所述止回阀25可通过其入口连接到溢流阀12的出口。阀10可由EMS 20电操作。阀10可通过电操作的先导阀9控制。所述先导阀9的出口可连接到所述溢流阀12的出口。阀10可由电操作的先导阀9控制;所述先导阀9的出口可连接到所述止回阀25的出口。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种用于内燃发动机的燃料喷射***,所述燃料喷射***合并有:发动机管理***(EMS)20、连接到低压燃料***4的回流管路13、用于储存和向喷射器7供给相对高压力的燃料的共轨6、安装在共轨6和喷射器7之间的自动隔离阀8、和用于将燃料喷射到发动机内的喷嘴11。阀10安装在共轨6和喷嘴11之间且由电操作的先导阀9控制。电操作的溢流阀12通过其入口连接到阀10的出口,且通过其出口连接到回流管路13。所述先导阀9的出口连接到所述阀10的出口。
根据本发明的再另一个方面,提供了一种包括以上所述的燃料喷射***的车辆。
附图说明
如下参考附图给出作为示例引用的本发明的实施例的更详细的描述。
附图为:
图1示出了根据现有技术的燃料喷射***的示例实施例的示意性图示。
图2示出了根据本发明的燃料喷射***的第一示例实施例的示意性图示。
图3示出了根据本发明的燃料喷射***的第二示例实施例的示意性图示。
图4示出了根据本发明的燃料喷射***的第三示例实施例的示意性图示。
图5示出了根据本发明的燃料喷射***的第四示例实施例的示意性图示。
图6示出了根据本发明的燃料喷射***的第五示例实施例的示意性图示。
图7示出了根据本发明的燃料喷射***的第六示例实施例的示意性图示。
图8示出了根据本发明的燃料喷射***的第七示例实施例的示意性图示。
在附图中,相同或类似的元件以相同的附图标记表示。附图仅是示意性表示,而不意于展示本发明的具体参数。此外,附图意图仅描绘本发明的典型实施例,且因此不应视作限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
在图2中示出的示例实施例中,根据本发明的燃料喷射***包括有燃料箱1、供给泵2、隔离阀3和形成低压***4的其他相关的部件(未示出)、以及将压力下的燃料输送到共轨6的高压泵5,所述共轨6将加压的燃料供给到多缸发动机(未示出)的所有喷射器7。自动隔离阀8安装在共轨6和喷射器7之间,所述喷射器7合并了电操作的三通先导阀9,该先导阀9控制了定位在共轨和喷嘴11之间的液压操作的阀10以及定位在液压操作阀10的出口与回流管路13之间的电操作的双向常开溢流阀12。喷嘴11具有通过复位弹簧15朝着关闭喷嘴的方向偏置的针状物14。复位弹簧安装在弹簧室16内,所述弹簧室16如果加压将帮助弹簧15将针状物14朝着关闭的方向偏置。溢流阀12的出口连接到回流管路13。喷射器的回流管路通过压力调节器19连接到低压***。止回阀25安装在液压操作的阀10的出口和溢流阀12之间,且通过其出口连接到溢流阀的入口。先导阀9的出口连接到止回阀25的入口。
液压操作的阀10优选具有精确匹配的销且形成出口室22和控制室23,且优选通过弹性装置24朝着其关闭位置偏置。阀10的控制室23可取决于来自EMS 20的指令通过三通先导阀9连接到共轨6或阀10的出口。发动机管理***(EMS)20控制了阀9和12。
自动隔离阀8设计为使得一旦阀打开,当阀内的压力在任何处略微低于***内的送给压力或高于此水平时,则阀的暴露于流体压力的面积足够大,以将阀保持为抵抗阀的复位弹簧的力而打开。在发动机停止且供给压力落到预定水平之下的情况中,自动隔离阀关闭,且阀的暴露于阀上游压力的面积变得相对小,使得要求压力水平以上的压力来再打开自动隔离阀。这样的阀的设计在现有技术中是已知的,且例如在美国专利No.6,189,517B1中公开。
参考图2,根据本发明的燃料喷射***工作如下:在非喷射状态但以发动机运行时,高压泵将燃料加压到一定的水平,且在共轨6内维持此水平。自动隔离阀8打开;喷嘴11上游的压力等于回流管路13内的压力,如通过压力调节器19所设定。此压力典型地超过在使用中最热的喷射器体积所暴露处的温度下的燃料蒸气压,使得不形成可能导致喷射不规则的蒸气腔。阀9和12不被EMS 20激活。三通先导阀9在非激活位置中将共轨6通过打开的AIV 8连接到液压操作的阀10的控制室23。来自共轨的压力与弹性装置24的力组合,将阀10保持在其关闭位置。溢流阀12打开,从而将止回阀25的出口连接到回流管路13,且通过压力调节器19连接到低压***4。喷嘴通过针状物复位弹簧15关闭。
为开始喷射,EMS将控制电流施加到溢流阀12而将其关闭,且施加到先导阀9,所述先导阀9将液压操作的阀10的控制室23从共轨6端口,且将其连接到止回阀25的入口。因为HOV 10仍关闭且阀的下游的压力在此瞬间不高于由调节器19设定的相对低的残余压力,所以控制室23内的压力下降。这允许从出口室22作用在阀上的共轨压力抵抗弹性装置24的力而将阀10打开,且使其控制室23内的压力下降。HOV 10的初始打开使来自加压的共轨6的燃料进入喷嘴11,且将喷嘴11处的压力升高到通过喷嘴复位弹簧15的力限定的喷嘴打开压力以上。针状物14打开喷嘴且开始喷射燃料。喷嘴11的弹簧室16的体积选择为足够大,以允许整个针状物由于燃料可压缩性而提升。通过喷嘴流出到发动机燃烧室内的流动生成了越过阀10的压力下降,且因此在出口室22内的压力和控制室23内的压力之间生成了压力下降,所述压力下降将阀10完全打开,且只要先导阀9加电则将阀10保持打开。
为终止喷射,EMS将先导阀9停用,所述先导阀9然后将控制室23从阀10的上游分开且将其连接回到共轨6。控制室23内的压力升高,且与弹性装置24一起促使阀10向下向关闭位置。在阀10关闭阶段期间且对应于其流动面积的降低,燃料继续从打开的喷嘴喷射,且喷嘴内的压力下降,直至复位弹簧15将针状物14向下移动且关闭喷嘴。然后EMS将溢流阀12停用且打开,以通过止回阀25释放喷嘴的相对高的残余压力,否则所述残余压力可能经过关闭的喷嘴泄漏到发动机内。因此,喷嘴内的压力下降到由压力调节器19设定的水平,且***返回到如图2所描绘的其初始位置。
在图3中示出的本发明的替代实施例中,喷嘴11的弹簧室16连接到溢流阀12的出口。这允许减小弹簧室的体积且因此减小喷射器的尺度。也可以使得喷射器与喷射器之间的性能更一致,因为弹簧室压力则将不取决于通过针状物/喷嘴体导向件的泄漏,这改变了导向件内的间隙和磨损。然而,在此实施例中,存在从低压***经过针状物导向件到喷嘴11的入口内的泄漏路径,如果喷嘴在针状物座内密封不完全,则所述泄漏路径将允许低粘性燃料泄漏到燃烧室内。尽管如此,泄漏不可能明显到导致发动机可起动性的问题,因为针状物/针状物导向件内的间隙非常小。在燃料为DME的情况下,即使发动机完全冷却且环境温度非常低,非常小的泄漏也不会导致液体燃料集中在燃烧室内。即使在-30℃时,DME在环境压力下也是气体,且发动机的活塞、活塞环和衬套之间的缝隙在DME泄漏的情况中将是非常小的,防止了压力在燃烧室内建立到燃料可能被液化的点。通过缝隙溢出到曲轴箱内的气态燃料可通过特殊的通风道导出到环境,所述通风道也可装配有能够关闭通向环境的连接的风扇和/或阀,以允许当发动机运行时的关闭的曲轴箱通风。
为进一步降低DME泄漏到燃烧室内的风险,图4中示出的本发明的替代实施例使用将溢流阀12的下游与弹簧室连接的止回阀25,所述弹簧室流体连接到止回阀的入口。在此实施例中,止回阀也阻止了低压***-弹簧室16-喷嘴导向件-喷嘴入口-燃烧室的泄漏路径,但其代价是增大包含流体的体积且直接贡献于因减压和/或气化导致的通过不良密封的喷嘴座的泄漏。
与其中先导阀9的出口连接溢流阀下游的***相比,将先导阀9的出口连接到溢流阀12的上游侧同时如上所述降低止回阀25的要求的流动容量可降低HOV 10在喷射开始时的打开速度。图5中示出的本发明的替代实施例设计为将通过止回阀25的泄漏保护与更快打开的HOV 10组合。更快的HOV打开通过将先导阀9的出口连接到溢流阀12的下游实现。在本发明的此实施例中,止回阀25仍防止从低压***通过关闭的先导阀和HOV针状物的导向件向喷嘴11内的泄漏,但必须可通过略微更高的流量,这可能由于移动零件的增加的尺寸和/或重量而影响止回阀25的耐久性。更快打开的HOV 10与更低流量的止回阀25的组合通过图6中示出的本发明的另一个替代实施例提供,其中先导阀9的出口连接溢流阀12的下游,且也连接止回阀25的下游。在图7中示出的再另一个实施例中,实现了较小的隔离空间与低流量止回阀25和更快打开的HOV 10的组合,因为止回阀放置在溢流阀12的上游而先导阀9的出口连接溢流阀的下游。
在喷射器回流管路处的另外的自动隔离阀也可以使用在本发明中,例如在图8中示出。在此实施例中,AIV 18将防止从低压***经过喷嘴11的导向件和HOV 10的泄漏,以及保证在止回阀25失效的情况中的泄漏降低。
止回阀设计为具有相对小的最大流动面积,典型地为0.1mm2,从而使其可使用相对小的且因此重量轻的移动零件,且实现缓慢的阀关闭速度,且因此实现在大量喷射器工作循环中的可靠运行。
将止回阀如上所述放置在溢流阀的上游允许将喷射器的回流管路直接连接到低压燃料供给***。这降低了燃料喷射***内所需的AIV的总数,且以此实现了将其简化。
如在现有技术中已知,阀的要求的流动面积越大,且在此具体应用中,止回阀的要求的流动面积越大,则力越高且要求的响应时间越快,更困难的是由于配合的座的磨损而实现长期和无泄漏的阀使用寿命。在本发明中,安装在高压体积与喷射器的回流管路之间的用于防止从高压体积向喷射器的回流管路回流的止回阀可靠运行的所有先决条件通常在于:首先,阀不需要快作用成在各个和每个喷射后关闭;其次,有助于关闭阀且很大程度上限定了座内的接触压力的负压下降实际上直至阀关闭都是不存在的,且阀的上游压力在其下游压力以下释放;且第三,需要经过阀向外到回流管路的流动相对小。
在现有技术中,到回流管路的流出很大程度上由液压操作的阀打开时所排开的体积、先导阀内的控制泄漏和当喷嘴和HOV之间的压力释放时所释放的减压体积来实现。在这样的***中,典型的回流管路可低至在发动机全负荷下喷射体积的1/30。本发明可构造为进一步降低总泄漏体积,且以此允许使用甚至更小的止回阀,因此有助于止回阀的耐久性。本发明中总泄漏体积的降低是由于从HOV后方通过先导阀到HOV下游且进一步到燃烧室内释放了压力,而非在其中先导阀的出口连接到溢流阀的出口的现有技术的情况中通过回流管路泄漏出来。
应理解的是本发明不限于以上所述的且在附图中所示的实施例;而是本领域一般技术人员将认识到可在所附权利要求的范围内进行许多改变和修改。
Claims (21)
1.一种用于内燃发动机的燃料喷射***,所述燃料喷射***包括:
发动机管理***EMS(20);
连接到低压燃料***(4)的回流管路(13);和
共轨(6),所述共轨(6)用于储存相对高压燃料并将所述相对高压燃料供向喷射器(7),所述喷射器具有:
喷嘴(11),所述喷嘴(11)用于将燃料喷射到所述发动机内;
阀(10),所述阀(10)由所述EMS(20)操作且安装在所述共轨(6)与所述喷嘴(11)之间;
溢流阀(12),所述溢流阀(12)由所述EMS(20)操作,并且所述溢流阀(12)的入口连接到所述阀(10)的出口,所述溢流阀(12)的出口连接到所述回流管路(13),
其特征在于,在所述喷嘴(11)与所述回流管路(13)之间设置止回阀(25),其中,所述止回阀的入口连接到所述喷嘴(11)的入口,并且所述止回阀(25)的出口连接到所述溢流阀(12)的入口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,所述止回阀(25)的入口连接到所述溢流阀(12)的出口。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,安装在所述共轨(6)与所述喷嘴(11)之间的所述阀(10)由所述EMS(20)电操作。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,安装在所述共轨(6)与所述喷嘴(11)之间的所述阀(10)由电操作的先导阀(9)控制,所述先导阀(9)的出口连接到所述溢流阀(12)的出口。
5.根据权利要求2所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,安装在所述共轨(6)与所述喷嘴(11)之间的所述阀(10)由电操作的先导阀(9)控制,所述先导阀(9)的出口连接到所述止回阀(25)的出口。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,所述喷嘴(11)具有针状物(14),所述针状物(14)利用弹簧室(16)内的压力而朝着关闭所述喷嘴(11)的方向偏置;并且所述弹簧室(16)连接到所述溢流阀(12)的出口。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,所述喷嘴(11)具有针状物(14),所述针状物(14)利用弹簧室(16)内的压力而朝着关闭所述喷嘴(11)的方向偏置,并且所述弹簧室(16)连接到所述回流管路(13)。
8.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,在所述回流管路(13)与所述低压燃料***(4)之间安装自动隔离阀(18)。
9.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,在所述回流管路(13)与所述低压燃料***(4)之间安装压力调节器(19)。
10.根据权利要求8所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,在所述自动隔离阀(18)与所述低压燃料***(4)之间安装压力调节器(19)。
11.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,在所述共轨(6)与所述喷射器(7)之间安装隔离阀(18)。
12.一种用于内燃发动机的燃料喷射***,所述燃料喷射***包括:
发动机管理***EMS(20);
连接到低压燃料***(4)的回流管路(13);和
共轨(6),所述共轨(6)用于储存相对高压燃料并将所述相对高压燃料供向喷射器(7),所述喷射器具有:
喷嘴(11),所述喷嘴(11)用于将燃料喷射到所述发动机内;
阀(10),所述阀(10)安装在所述共轨(6)与所述喷嘴(11)之间,且由电操作的先导阀(9)控制;
电操作的溢流阀(12),所述溢流阀(12)的入口连接到所述阀(10)的出口,所述溢流阀(12)的出口连接到所述回流管路(13),
其特征在于,所述先导阀(9)的出口在所述溢流阀(12)的上游连接到所述阀(10)的出口。
13.根据权利要求12所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,在所述喷嘴(11)与所述回流管路(13)之间安装止回阀(25),所述止回阀(25)的入口连接到所述喷嘴(11)的入口。
14.根据权利要求12所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,在所述喷嘴(11)与所述回流管路(13)之间安装止回阀(25),所述止回阀(25)的入口连接到所述溢流阀(12)的出口。
15.根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,所述喷嘴(11)具有针状物(14),所述针状物(14)利用弹簧室(16)内的压力而朝着关闭所述喷嘴(11)的方向偏置;并且所述弹簧室(16)连接到所述溢流阀(12)的出口。
16.根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,所述喷嘴(11)具有针状物(14),所述针状物(14)利用弹簧室(16)内的压力而朝着关闭所述喷嘴(11)的方向偏置,并且所述弹簧室(16)连接到所述回流管路(13)。
17.根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,在所述回流管路(13)与所述低压燃料***(4)之间安装自动隔离阀(18)。
18.根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,在所述回流管路(13)与所述低压燃料***(4)之间安装压力调节器(19)。
19.根据权利要求17所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,在所述自动隔离阀(18)与所述低压燃料***(4)之间安装压力调节器(19)。
20.根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的燃料喷射***,其特征在于,在所述共轨(6)与所述喷射器(7)之间安装隔离阀(18)。
21.一种包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料喷射***的车辆。
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JP6182906B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-01 | 2017-08-23 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関とその燃料供給方法 |
EP3017184B1 (en) | 2013-07-01 | 2018-04-11 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Fuel injection system |
CN104847512B (zh) * | 2014-02-19 | 2019-09-06 | 卡特彼勒公司 | 用于共轨燃料喷射的控制模块 |
WO2016177431A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-10 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Fuel pump assembly |
WO2019045676A1 (en) | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-07 | Volvo Truck Corporation | PRESSURE FUEL SYSTEM FOR MOTOR, AND METHOD FOR USING PRESSURE FUEL SYSTEM FOR ENGINE |
JP6982439B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-08 | 2021-12-17 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 船舶 |
CN114270028A (zh) * | 2019-08-29 | 2022-04-01 | 沃尔沃卡车集团 | 燃料喷射*** |
CN111120173B (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-01-15 | 吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司 | 高压油泵故障检测***、检测方法及车辆 |
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2008
- 2008-03-04 DE DE112008003703T patent/DE112008003703T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-03-04 JP JP2010549600A patent/JP5075991B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-04 CN CN2008801273564A patent/CN101946085B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-04 SE SE1100869A patent/SE536106C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-03-04 WO PCT/SE2008/000176 patent/WO2009110820A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-03-04 US US12/920,326 patent/US8434459B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-04 SE SE1000743A patent/SE536105C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
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US6994272B2 (en) * | 2001-11-23 | 2006-02-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injector for high-pressure fuel injection |
CN1676919A (zh) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-05 | 三菱扶桑卡客车公司 | 燃料喷射*** |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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SE536105C2 (sv) | 2013-05-07 |
WO2009110820A1 (en) | 2009-09-11 |
SE1100869A1 (sv) | 2011-11-24 |
DE112008003703T5 (de) | 2011-01-13 |
US8434459B2 (en) | 2013-05-07 |
CN101946085A (zh) | 2011-01-12 |
JP5075991B2 (ja) | 2012-11-21 |
SE536106C2 (sv) | 2013-05-07 |
SE1000743A1 (sv) | 2010-09-27 |
US20110005494A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
JP2011513639A (ja) | 2011-04-28 |
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