CN101916869A - Lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte, preparation method and lithium/iron disulfide battery thereof - Google Patents
Lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte, preparation method and lithium/iron disulfide battery thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte and a lithium/iron disulfide battery thereof and belongs to the battery field. The lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte contains a non-aqueous mixed solvent, lithium nitrate and a lithium salt, the molarity of the lithium nitrate in the non-aqueous solvent is 0.001-0.2M, the lithium salt is lithium iodide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, bistrifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium or a mixed organic non-protonic solution of any two of the substances, the molarity of the lithium salt is 0.1-2M, and the non-aqueous mixed solvent contains one of glycol dimethyl ether, dioxolane, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide or a mixture of more than two of the substances. The discharge performance of the battery is promoted, the storage life is prolonged, the processing technology is simple, the concentration of the lithium nitrate in the non-aqueous solvent is easy to control, the battery production process is simple and convenient, and the battery production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
Lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte of the present invention, preparation method and lithium/pyrite battery thereof belong to field of batteries, particularly relate to preparation method and lithium/pyrite battery thereof that a kind of use contains the lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte.
Background technology
With the develop rapidly of battery, the battery various aspects of performance is had higher requirement in recent years as the electronic product of power supply, particularly more and more higher to the requirement of the energy density of battery and power density.In this development trend, the shortcoming of conventional base manganese cell large current discharging capability difference shows more and more obviously.With the digital camera is example, and the operating time of conventional base manganese cell is very short, and most of capacity is not emitted, so in used these specific occasions, the conventional base manganese cell was inappropriate or perhaps very waste.With lithium metal or lithium-aluminium alloy is negative pole, ferrous disulfide is the disposable lithium-battery of positive active material, have characteristics such as high-energy-density and heavy-current discharge performance excellence, and the voltage of its 1.5V is consistent with common alkaline battery, therefore is considered to the good substitute products of alkaline battery.Patent CN200480034479.5 discloses a kind of lithium/pyrite battery technology of high discharge capacity.Have only the 300mAh Capacity Ratio with alkaline Mn cell in the 1A discharge capacity, lithium/iron disulfide system its capacity under the 1A discharging current can reach 3000mAh.This shows that the advantage of lithium/pyrite battery on energy density and power density is fairly obvious.
Lithium metal is met water, and vigorous reaction can take place, so its electrolyte all adopts non-aqueous organic solvent usually in the lithium/pyrite battery system.This type of non-aqueous organic solvent comprises: cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate, alkyl acetate, glycol ether, glycol ester, butyrolactone, ring butyl oxide link and phosphate etc.These organic solvents not can with lithium metal generation vigorous reaction.But because the current potential of lithium metal is lower than these solvents, and lithium metal is very active, adds the existence of impurity in the solvent and minor amount of water, and the interface that causes lithium metal to contact with solvent can form one deck passivating film.This layer passivating film be electric insulation and ion insulation often, influences the migration of conductive ion in the battery, thereby increases the internal resistance and the lagging voltage of battery, reduces battery discharge voltage and discharge capacity.The formation of passivating film causes that battery voltage drop is big in the discharge process, capacitance loss is serious.But the formation of this layer passivating film is inevitable, there is research to be reported in the electrolyte in recent years to add iodine or bromine simple substance to weaken the formation of negative pole lithium surface passivated membrane, for example patent US7595133, patent US 20080057403A1, patent US 20100003595A1.The stannic iodide additive also can play and slow down the surface passivation of negative pole lithium in addition, eliminates the effect of lagging voltage.These additives help improving the storage life and the discharge capacity of lithium/pyrite battery.Elemental iodine easily distils, bromine simple substance is gaseous state and be all strong toxicant, is difficult to control as its concentration of electrolysis additive, and the electrolyte quota process is complicated.Stannic iodide is relatively more expensive, increases the weight of production cost.Having needs the further additive of research non-aqueous solvent electrolyte, and the concentration in electrolyte is easy to control, and the protection lithium anode is not subjected to the lasting passivation of electrolyte, thereby has strengthened the discharge performance of battery, reduces lagging voltage, and storage life prolongs.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid weak point of the prior art; and provide a kind of concentration in electrolyte easy to control; simple to operate; can protect lithium anode not to be subjected to the lasting passivation of electrolyte; strengthen the discharge performance of battery; reduce lagging voltage, the lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte preparation method that storage life prolongs.
The objective of the invention is to avoid weak point of the prior art, and a kind of discharge performance of battery and the lithium/pyrite battery that memory property is promoted are provided.
Lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte of the present invention comprises non-water mixed solvent, lithium nitrate and lithium salts, the molarity of lithium nitrate in nonaqueous solvents is 0.001～0.2M, lithium salts is lithium iodide, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium or the organic non-proton property solution of mixing of the two wherein, the lithium salts molarity is 0.1～2M, and non-water mixed solvent comprises a kind of or wherein two or more mixture of glycol dimethyl ether, dioxolanes, propene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, oxolane, dimethyl formamide.Electrolyte adopts the electrochemical reaction media of lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte as lithium/iron disulfide.
Lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte preparation method adds lithium nitrate in non-water mixed solvent, the concentration of lithium nitrate in nonaqueous solvents is 0.001～0.2M, non-water mixed solvent comprises glycol dimethyl ether, dioxolanes, propene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, oxolane, a kind of or wherein two or more mixture of dimethyl formamide, the electric conducting lithium salt molarity is 0.1～2M in the nonaqueous solvents, and lithium salts is a lithium iodide, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, the sub-property of the mixed organic matter solution of the mixture of one or more of bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium.
Lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte preparation method of the present invention is that dioxolanes and glycol dimethyl ether are mixed with 2: 1 mixed solvent of volume ratio, purity is that 99% anhydrous nitric acid lithium is dissolved in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the nonaqueous solvents mixture that contains lithium nitrate molarity 0.01M～2M, other electric conducting lithium salt molarities are 0.1～2M in the nonaqueous solvents, and lithium salts is a kind of of lithium iodide, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium or two kinds the organic non-proton property solution of mixing wherein.
It under the lithium nitrate normal temperature a kind of solid-solid inorganic salt; molten boiling point height; concentration in electrolyte is easy to control; simple to operate; the reduction potential of lithium/nitrate anion is very high; therefore the nitrate anion in the lithium nitrate reacts effectively prior to other cosolvent in the electrolyte and negative pole lithium metal; and generation lithium nitrate reduction product; lithium salts can be under negative pole lithium metal surface deposition; form one deck ionic conduction diaphragm; the form on negative pole lithium metal surface changes, and this layer diaphragm can play the ionic conduction effect, and can protect lithium anode not to be subjected to the lasting passivation of electrolyte.
Lithium/pyrite battery is to comprise by housing, electrolyte, positive plate and negative plate forming, adopt the made positive plate of positive active material ferrous disulfide, the negative plate that adopts the negative electrode active material lithium metal to make, insert porous insulating film between positive plate and the negative plate, be wound into electric core, the electric core of winding is put into housing, injects the lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte in housing.Lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte of the present invention comprises non-water mixed solvent, lithium nitrate and lithium salts, the molarity of lithium nitrate in nonaqueous solvents is 0.001～0.2M, lithium salts is a lithium iodide, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, the organic non-protonic solvent of mixing of the mixture of one or more of bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium, the lithium salts molarity is 0.1～2M, and non-water mixed solvent comprises glycol dimethyl ether, dioxolanes, propene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, oxolane, a kind of or wherein two or more mixture of dimethylformamide.
Positive plate is with the anodal powder of ferrous disulfide, binding agent, conductive additive carbon black and graphite, organic solvent, mixes mutually and stirs, and scattered positive active material slurry is coated on the aluminium foil, is cut into suitable dimensions after rolling.Negative plate is metal lithium bands or lithium-aluminium alloy band.
Lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte of the present invention is that dioxolanes and glycol dimethyl ether are mixed with 2: 1 mixed solvent of volume ratio, purity is that 99% anhydrous nitric acid lithium is dissolved in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the nonaqueous solvents mixture that contains lithium nitrate molarity 0.01M～2M, other electric conducting lithium salt molarities are 0.1～2M in the nonaqueous solvents, and lithium salts is a kind of of lithium iodide, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium or two kinds the organic non-proton property solution of mixing wherein.
After the lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte adds lithium/pyrite battery, will the reaction of nitrate anion and lithium at first takes place, generate lithium nitrate reduction product (lithium nitrite, lithium nitride) and be deposited on negative pole metal lithium bands surface, form the film that one deck has ionic conductivity.Because lithium/reducing nitrate radical reaction potential is higher than the reaction potential of lithium/iron disulfide, therefore can be on the normal working voltage scope of lithium/pyrite battery, generate lithium nitrate reduction product safely and do not relate to the electrochemical reducting reaction of ferrous disulfide.Product is stable at the property of thin film that negative pole metal lithium bands surface generates, and has ionic conductivity, can suppress the passivation of electrolyte to the metal lithium bands surface, has protected negative pole effectively.
The discharge performance of battery of the present invention gets a promotion, and storage life prolongs, and it is simple to add technology, and the concentration of lithium nitrate in nonaqueous solvents is easy to control, and the battery production process is easy, has reduced the production cost of battery.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 shows that the embodiment of the invention 1 and Comparative Examples 1 lithium/iron disulfide 1A are discharged to the discharge curve of 0.8V.
Accompanying drawing 2 shows that the embodiment of the invention 2 and Comparative Examples 2 lithium/iron disulfide 1A are discharged to the discharge curve of 0.8V.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Contain the preparation of lithium nitrate nonaqueous solvents mixture: remove anhydrous dioxolanes DOL 500ml, anhydrous glycol dimethyl ether DME 250ml, be mixed with 2: 1 mixed solvent of volume ratio, take by weighing purity and be 99% anhydrous nitric acid lithium 0.517g, be dissolved in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the nonaqueous solvents mixture that contains lithium nitrate 0.01M.Lithium salts is lithium iodide, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium or the organic non-proton property solution of mixing of the two wherein, and the lithium salts molarity is 1M.
The preparation of lithium/iron disulfide primary cell: the at first anodal powder weight ratio 91% of weighing ferrous disulfide, binding agent Kynoar (PVDF761) weight ratio 3.5%, conductive additive carbon black weight ratio 2.5% and graphite weight ratio 3%, add organic solvent N, N-dimethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) is stirred to evenly, scattered positive active material slurry is coated on the aluminium foil, is cut into the positive plate of battery after rolling.After positive plate passes through the dry moisture of also removing fully wherein, putting into relative humidity is lower than under 3% the environment, in the middle of negative pole metal lithium bands and positive plate, insert and play the porous isolating membrane that separates the both positive and negative polarity effect, be wound into columned electric core, the electric core of winding is put into box hat, seals after injection contains lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte 1.8g.
After the battery normal temperature that assembles shelved for 4 weeks, battery is carried out stopping discharge behind the 1A pre-arcing 6min.After shelving 10 days, battery is carried out 1A be discharged to 0.8V.
Embodiment 2
The high temperature storage method: the battery that will be equipped with by embodiment 1 shelved for 4 weeks under 65 ℃ of high temperature after, with battery take out at room temperature leave standstill 1 day after, battery is carried out stopping discharge behind the 1A pre-arcing 6min.After shelving 10 days, battery is carried out 1A be discharged to 0.8V.
Comparative Examples 1
Make battery and carry out discharge test by embodiment 1 identical method, institute's difference is not add lithium nitrate in non-aqueous solvent electrolyte.
Comparative Examples 2
Make battery and carry out discharge test by embodiment 2 same procedure, institute's difference is not add lithium nitrate in non-aqueous solvent electrolyte.
As shown in Figure 1, the lithium/pyrite battery 1A of embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1 assembling is discharged to the time dependent curve of 0.8V voltage and sees accompanying drawing 1.In the Comparative Examples 1 that does not have the additive lithium nitrate to exist, the lagging voltage of battery is about 1.36V, and when voltage was reduced to final voltage 0.8V, discharge capacity of the cell was about 2767mAh.And in the embodiment 1 that is added with the additive lithium nitrate, the lagging voltage of battery is about 1.38V, and when voltage was reduced to final voltage 0.8V, discharge capacity of the cell was about 2966mAh.Comparing embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1, add after the lithium nitrate in the non-aqueous solvent electrolyte, normal temperature shelved for 4 weeks, and battery is carried out stopping discharge behind the 1A pre-arcing 6min, shelve 10 days again after, battery is carried out 1A be discharged to 0.8V, the battery lagging voltage that does not more add lithium nitrate rises to 1.38V by 1.36V, has improved 0.02V, and the capacity of battery rises to 2966mAh by 2767mAh, improved 199mAh, and threshold voltage has improved about 0.01V in the battery.The result shows, adds lithium nitrate of the present invention in non-aqueous solvent electrolyte, can improve the lithium/pyrite battery lagging voltage, and improve discharge capacity of the cell effectively.
As shown in Figure 2, the lithium/pyrite battery 1A of embodiment 2 and Comparative Examples 2 assemblings is discharged to the time dependent curve of 0.8V voltage and sees accompanying drawing 2.After the high temperature storage, in the Comparative Examples 2 that does not have the additive lithium nitrate to exist, the lagging voltage of battery is about 1.36V, and when voltage was reduced to final voltage 0.8V, discharge capacity of the cell was about 2600mAh.And in the embodiment 2 that is added with the additive lithium nitrate, the lagging voltage of battery is 1.38V, and when voltage was reduced to final voltage 0.8V, discharge capacity of the cell was about 3066mAh.Comparing embodiment 2 and Comparative Examples 2, add after the lithium nitrate in the non-aqueous solvent electrolyte, after shelving for 4 weeks under 65 ℃ of the high temperature, with battery take out at room temperature leave standstill 1 day after, battery is carried out stopping discharge behind the 1A pre-arcing 6min, after shelving 10 days again, battery is carried out 1A be discharged to 0.8V, the battery lagging voltage that does not more add lithium nitrate rises to 1.38V by 1.36V, improved 0.02V, the capacity of battery rises to 3066mAh by 2600mAh, has improved 466mAh, and threshold voltage has improved about 0.02V in the battery.The result shows, adds lithium nitrate of the present invention in nonaqueous electrolytic solution, can improve the lagging voltage of lithium/iron disulfide, improves discharge capacity of the cell, and can prolong the battery storage life-span.
Claims (8)
1. a lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte comprises non-water mixed solvent and lithium salts, it is characterized in that the molarity of lithium nitrate in nonaqueous solvents is 0.001～0.2M.
2. lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterized in that lithium salts is a kind of of lithium iodide, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium or the organic non-proton property solution of mixing of the two wherein, the lithium salts molarity is 0.1～2M.
3. lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte according to claim 1 is characterized in that non-water mixed solvent comprises one or more mixture of glycol dimethyl ether, dioxolanes, propene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, oxolane, dimethyl formamide.
4. lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte preparation method, it is characterized in that in non-water mixed solvent, adding lithium nitrate, the concentration of lithium nitrate in nonaqueous solvents is 0.001～0.2M, non-water mixed solvent comprises glycol dimethyl ether, dioxolanes, propene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, oxolane, the mixture of one or more of dimethyl formamide, the electric conducting lithium salt molarity is 0.1～2M in the nonaqueous solvents, and lithium salts is a lithium iodide, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, the sub-property of the mixed organic matter solution of the mixture of one or more of bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium.
5. lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte preparation method is that dioxolanes and glycol dimethyl ether are mixed with 2: 1 mixed solvent of volume ratio, purity is that 99% anhydrous nitric acid lithium is dissolved in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the nonaqueous solvents mixture that contains lithium nitrate molarity 0.01M～2M, other electric conducting lithium salt molarities are 0.1～2M in the nonaqueous solvents, and lithium salts is a lithium iodide, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium a kind of or the organic non-proton property solution of mixing of the two wherein.
6. lithium/pyrite battery, comprise by housing, electrolyte, positive plate and negative plate and forming, adopt the made positive plate of positive active material ferrous disulfide, the negative plate that adopts the negative electrode active material lithium metal to make, insert porous insulating film between positive plate and the negative plate, be wound into electric core, the electric core of winding is put into housing, it is characterized in that injecting in housing the lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte.
7. lithium/pyrite battery according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte comprises non-water mixed solvent, lithium nitrate and lithium salts, the molarity of lithium nitrate in nonaqueous solvents is 0.001～0.2M, lithium salts is a lithium iodide, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, the organic non-protonic solvent of mixing of the mixture of one or more of bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium, the lithium salts molarity is 0.1～2M, and non-water mixed solvent comprises glycol dimethyl ether, dioxolanes, propene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, oxolane, the mixture of one or more of dimethylformamide.
8. lithium/pyrite battery according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the lithium nitrate non-aqueous solvent electrolyte is that dioxolanes and glycol dimethyl ether are mixed with 2: 1 mixed solvent of volume ratio, purity is that 99% anhydrous nitric acid lithium is dissolved in the mixed solvent, be mixed with the nonaqueous solvents mixture that contains lithium nitrate molarity 0.01M～2M, other electric conducting lithium salt molarities are 0.1～2M in the nonaqueous solvents, and lithium salts is a kind of of lithium iodide, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium or two kinds the organic non-proton property solution of mixing wherein.
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| CN102751499A (en) * | 2012-06-30 | 2012-10-24 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Lithium-ferrous disulfide battery and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103367806A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-10-23 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Novel electrolyte system of lithium ion battery |
| CN108232295A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-29 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of lithium-air battery ionic liquid base electrolyte and its lithium-air battery system |
| CN108336397A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-27 | 清华大学 | A kind of ether-ether composite electrolyte for stablizing lithium metal battery |
| CN111952670A (en) * | 2020-07-12 | 2020-11-17 | 复旦大学 | Lithium ion battery with wide working temperature range |
| CN113169395A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2021-07-23 | 国立研究开发法人物质·材料研究机构 | Electrolyte for lithium-air battery and lithium-air battery using same |
| CN113675469A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-19 | 华南理工大学 | Carbonate electrolyte containing lithium nitrate, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lithium metal battery |
| CN114628710A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Electrolyte for carbon fluoride battery and application |
| TWI828154B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2024-01-01 | 鴻海精密工業股份有限公司 | Carbonate-based electrolyte, preparation method thereof, and lithium metal battery |
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| CN103367806A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-10-23 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Novel electrolyte system of lithium ion battery |
| CN102751499A (en) * | 2012-06-30 | 2012-10-24 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Lithium-ferrous disulfide battery and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN108232295A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-29 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of lithium-air battery ionic liquid base electrolyte and its lithium-air battery system |
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| WO2019153635A1 (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-15 | 清华大学 | Ether-ester composite electrolyte solution for stabilizing lithium metal battery |
| CN113169395A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2021-07-23 | 国立研究开发法人物质·材料研究机构 | Electrolyte for lithium-air battery and lithium-air battery using same |
| CN113169395B (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2023-09-29 | 国立研究开发法人物质·材料研究机构 | Electrolyte for lithium air battery and lithium air battery using same |
| CN111952670A (en) * | 2020-07-12 | 2020-11-17 | 复旦大学 | Lithium ion battery with wide working temperature range |
| CN114628710A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Electrolyte for carbon fluoride battery and application |
| CN113675469A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-19 | 华南理工大学 | Carbonate electrolyte containing lithium nitrate, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lithium metal battery |
| TWI828154B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2024-01-01 | 鴻海精密工業股份有限公司 | Carbonate-based electrolyte, preparation method thereof, and lithium metal battery |
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