CN101915102A - Comprehensive mechanization coal-mining method of heavy pitch course long well - Google Patents
Comprehensive mechanization coal-mining method of heavy pitch course long well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive mechanization coal-mining method of a heavy pitch course long well. The core of the invention adopts a plough conveying fully mechanised unit. The plough conveying fully mechanised unit is composed of a plough conveying machine and a covering type hydraulic support, wherein the plough conveying machine comprises a driving sprocket, a dragging plow chain, a plough, a motor, a frequency conversion control system, a gear box and a machine beam composed of a plurality of long beams; the hydraulic support comprises two double-stretching stand columns, a thrust gear, a four-bar mechanism, a top beam, a base, a covering beam, a side backplate and the like; each hydraulic support hoisting jack and each section of long beam of the plough conveying machine are connected by a crosshead to form a cubical space frame structure; a bottom adjusting beam, the side backplate, a cable-stayed jack and the like are combined to effectively prevent the whole set of equipment from turning over and sliding down. The operation state of the whole set of plough conveying unit is controlled by electrical liquid during operation to cause the working surface production to realize high-degree automation. The invention causes heavy pitch thin and middle-thickness coal bed course long well working surface to realize comprehensive mechanization mining, improves working surface production efficiency, lowers worker labor intensity and greatly ensures the production safety of the working surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of comprehensive mechanization coal-mining method of heavy pitch course long well, it is combined and to adopt unit and realize by using a kind of digging and transport.
Background technology
At present, China's steeply-inclined seam mining has formed considerable scale.The mine of exploitation half-edge coal seam accounts for about 20% of China's coal-mine sum, and the half-edge coal seam pit room accounts for about 8% of stope sum, and output is about about 4% of national total output.Because the mining conditions more complicated of China's half-edge coal seam through years of development, though make great progress, has been created the exploitation method of multiple suitable China's national situation and condition of coal seam occurrence on technology.But just totally see problem such as it is not high that the exploitation of half-edge coal seam exists mechanization degree, and the resource recovery of some method is lower, and the safety in production situation is relatively poor, and efficiency is low.Steeply inclined thin and medium-thickness seam still do not have the precedent of successfully carrying out mechanical mining at home at present.
But with regard to Coal Production, realize that the colliery fully-mechanized mining has become a kind of trend.Through practice for many years, the mining coal-mining method has become the most successful exploitation method in thick and super high seam exploitation, and big mining and high comprehensive mining has also obtained successful Application in thick coal-layer mining.But can't realize moving towards the longwell fully-mechanized mining in greater than the exploitation of 50 ° of steeply inclined thins and medium-thickness seam in seam inclination always.Half-edge coal seam intermediate roll coal-winning machine downward movement at the inclination angle greater than 50 ° is restive, is easy to cause danger; In addition, coal mining driver difficulty in walking in half-edge coal seam makes flitting can't bring into play its benefit.The digging and transport machine of Chu Xianing is integrated coal plough and transporter thus, not only simplifies the structure, and provides cost savings, and has improved efficient, because the digging and transport machine need not the driver with machine operation, makes that production is safer.Though some mines are using the digging and transport machine along coal seam tendency exploitation steeply inclined thin and medium-thickness seam, it is short to exist the advance of the face, is generally less than 100m, and fully-mechanized mining equipment is difficult to bring into play efficient; Work plane two lanes are difficult to management, poor stability; The support pattern is the cribbing of cutting of forward and backward post, and is stable poor.
The invention provides a kind of steeply inclined thin and medium-thickness seam and move towards the longwell comprehensive mechanized coal mining method.The present invention has captured at steeply inclined thin and medium-thickness seam can't realize the great difficult problem that comprehensive mechanization is produced always.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is exactly that coal-face is arranged along seam inclination, and across pitch retreats, and adopts comprehensive mechanical to mine; The crossheading of work plane is arranged along bearing.The present invention has designed the comprehensive unit of adopting of a kind of special-purpose digging and transport, the shield that digging and transport machine and stability is strong organically combines as a whole by thrust gear, create a kind of novel coal excavation apparatus, fundamentally solved steeply inclined thin and medium-thickness seam and moved towards coal wall mechanical mining problem.
Move towards in the coal wall in high-dipping, assembling planer head, plane chain, drive sprocket, gearbox and motor on this digging and transport machine beam, add up to heavy 58.5 tons.During digging and transport machine coal breakage, this root weighs 58.5 tons beam, will be at almost vertical space integral body reciprocally swinging.The present invention has taked following several non-skid feature: first be two one group tiltedly draw jack, the key problem in technology of this mechanism is when jack piston rod stretches out, still keep the oriented upper pulling force of digging and transport machine beam.Tiltedly draw jack one end to connect with the base of hydraulic support, the other end connects with digging and transport machine beam.And tiltedly draw the jack piston chamber to be connected with liquid back pipe, and rod end chamber is connected with feed tube, and tubular type overflow valve also in parallel is connected with liquid back pipe.When static, tiltedly draw the high pressure liquid trend piston in the jack piston rod chamber to keep a recovery state, to pulling force that makes progress of digging and transport machine beam effect; When thrust gear drive digging and transport machine beam outwards moves, piston and piston rod are produced a power of drawing outward, make to press in the rod end chamber and increase, when pressure surpasses the tubular type relief valve set pressure, overflow, piston rod stretches out, but still has enough pressure in the rod end chamber, and the digging and transport machine beam in the motion is kept a pulling force that makes progress.Secondly, pass jack and have enough counter-bending abilities, make it not only can provoke this section digging and transport machine beam, and have 3~5 times safety factor.Passing jack among the present invention adopts inverted structure, adds the cylinder sleeve of a wall thickness 15mm at whole jack, and jack piston rod is against the cylinder sleeve bottom, stretches out in cylinder sleeve, avoids the piston rod bearing radial force, produces flexural deformation; Jack cylinder is stretched out from cylinder sleeve, an end is equipped with the steel bushing of a wide 60mm between jack cylinder and cylinder sleeve, and the other end is equipped with the copper sheathing of wide 70mm, and the overlapping segment length 400mm between cylinder and the cylinder sleeve makes it can bear the radial load that produces when provoking digging and transport machine beam.Moreover two are waved jack and pass that jack is non-parallel to be connected, and are connected with the passing jack with 5 °~10 ° acute angle respectively, constitute a splay configuration, to reduce the downslide of machine beam.Hydraulic circuit is set up the reversible lock structure, no matter is in static state or dynamic, waves jack and keeps chucking power to passing jack all the time, controls its direction, stops it to offset downward.
When broadwall is moved towards in the half-edge coal seam employing, because the normal direction of gravity and tangential component increase with the inclination angle and change, make tangential component increase and normal component of force reduces, top, floor load that the face timbering system is born diminish, and cause and outer year of the support system unstability strengthen, working surface hydraulic support is sliding, fall and frame between squeeze, sting the phenomenon aggravation.So, moving towards the coal wall in high-dipping, the emphasis of CONTROL OF STRATA MOVEMENT is not only that top, base plate are lived in supporting, the more important thing is the stability of strengthening support system.Move towards the comprehensive unit work plane of adopting of longwell digging and transport in high-dipping of the present invention, one of hydraulic support is near one, arranged superposed, the side guard board of adjacent hydraulic support is close to mutually, can stop thus hydraulic support topple over, crooked, the stability that keeps hydraulic support, and adjust mutual position and the gap of hydraulic support.In addition, the present invention has increased end accent beam, railroad especially on hydraulic support foundation.The end, transfer beam to be positioned at the downside postmedian of base, adopts rectangular structure, by transferring beam hinged in two jack and the end.Jack can stretch out parallel moving simultaneously, also can pass performance separately and transfer the frame effect.Slide rail is positioned at the upside of base.Generally, the end, transfer beam to pedal work on the slide rail of next hydraulic support, stops it to glide, to guarantee the stability of hydraulic support.When moving frame, operating personnel are in last adjacent frame control bracket reach, the end of reach support, transfer beam and side guard board to slide on the slide rail of next support and side guard board respectively, and passes the anti-skid structure that jack constitutes a solid, and hydraulic support is toppled over when mobile to stop, the downslide phenomenon.After moving frame,, match, make whole hydraulic support be inclined to direction and rotate, guaranteed that hydraulic support is in capwise direction performance supporting role along work plane with the side guard board of hydraulic support back timber and caving shield by stretching of jack on the end accent beam.
During the coal wall coal cutting was moved towards in high-dipping, the coal cinder of whereabouts threatened bottom personnel's safety often.Adopting retaining cash mechanism, though effect is preferably arranged, if can realize during the coal breakage no operating personnel in the work plane, will be the most basic scheme.For this reason, the hydraulic control system of adopting unit is combined in digging and transport be divided into two parts, during the digging and transport machine coal breakage, electrichydraulic control is adopted in the motion of digging and transport machine beam, moves the frame action and adopts adjacent frame manually-operated.Its reason is, during the digging and transport machine coal breakage, three main actions only arranged, and two auxiliary movements are easy to realize sequencing control.And move towards in the coal wall in high-dipping, move the frame process, be not only to fall frame, try to stop people from fighting each other, rise actions such as frame, after moving frame, also need look the state of support at every turn, adjust support, make base be positioned at the middle part of supporting position, and vertical top, backplanes support, the side guard board of upper and lower support is close to mutually.Action is complicated, and irregularities, under present technical condition, should not adopt programme-control.
For making digging and transport machine unit reach higher operating efficiency, need to guarantee that whole machine beam is harmonious, for realizing this purpose, the present invention has adopted electrohydraulic control technology.Each hydraulic support is passed in the jack and has all been equipped stroke sensor and obliquity sensor, reaches the push-in stroke and the oscillating quantity of each hydraulic support thrust gear of real-time control, simultaneously the motion state of controller beam.Digging and transport machine driver is according to the working seam condition, voluntarily push-in stroke, propulsion mode, amplitude of fluctuation and the zero-time of each support thrust gear of programming Control.After the digging and transport machine started, the thrust gear of full face drove whole machine beam and finishes various actions such as lifting, advance, fall according to the unified action of preset program.
Moving towards the longwell digging and transport when high-dipping of the present invention combines when adopting the coal cutting of unit work plane, at first be to wave jack to stretch out, its inclination angle changes simultaneously, and the signal of telecommunication that attached obliquity sensor thereon changes angle passes to the master controller that is positioned at crossheading by the control cabinet of support.When master controller receive work plane bottom wave jack when swinging to the signal of predetermined angular, follow procedure changes the position of waving the jack electric hydraulic control valve immediately, stops feed flow, and will wave jack and pin.When waving the jack action, the master controller follow procedure makes the electric hydraulic control valve that tiltedly draws anti-skidding jack commutate to the feed flow position, and its servo-actuated is stretched out; When waving the jack stop motion, it is stop motion thereupon also.When waving the jack recovery, its process and above-mentioned identical.
When the passing jack stretched out, the stroke sensor in it was given master controller with the electrical signal transfer that changes into of its released amount.When master controller received that the passing jack of the hypomere of work plane is released the signal of scheduled volume, follow procedure changed the position of passing the jack electric hydraulic control valve immediately, stops feed flow, made it stop to release.When passing the jack action, the master controller follow procedure makes the electric hydraulic control valve that tiltedly draws anti-skidding jack commutate to the feed flow position, and its servo-actuated is stretched out; When passing the jack stop motion, it is stop motion thereupon also.
On the master controller of last crossheading, can preestablish the released amount of every passing jack, and start-up time.For example: use program setting, depth of cut of the propelling jack of each support is 60mm, and from upper end, the passing jack sequential delays of each support starts for one second.By this, first support feed 60mm, when stopping to advance, the passing jack of the 18.5th support just starts.Like this, full face digging and transport machine penetration of a cutting tool length is controlled at 30m, can avoids entire working surface penetration of a cutting tool length long, it is excessive to load, the motor stall, and equipment is impaired.When master controller receives that last support is passed the signal of jack propelling 60mm, begin quantitatively coal cutting for the second time immediately, reach the scheduled volume of feed 300mm 5 times repeatedly, pass jack and stop to advance, wave the jack recovery, descending coal cutting.
When master controller is received work plane support is passed jack and advanced the signal of 60mm for the first time bottom, just can send the electric hydraulic control valve that the extensible canopy jack is given in instruction, make the extensible canopy of the full face 60mm that protracts, and control the action of stretching out of extensible canopy in this way.
The present invention can exploit the inclination angle and reach 70 ° of coal seams, makes wider coal seam conditions realize fully-mechanized mining.The minimum constructive height that the present invention can exploit is 0.8m, uses the present invention can increase the seam mining scope greatly, under the rare day by day situation of present resource, has saved resource largely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a vertical view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the front view of cross piece;
Fig. 3 is that Fig. 2 A-A is to sectional view;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of cross piece.
Fig. 5 is the electrohydraulic control system fundamental diagram.
Wherein, 1 digging and transport machine, 2 thrust gears, 3 transfer the frame jack, 4 hydraulic supports, and beam mechanism was transferred at 5 ends, 6 anti-skidding jack, 7 cross pieces, 8 anti-skidding jack of tail, 9 extensible canopy solenoid operated directional valves, 10 pass the jack solenoid operated directional valve, and 11 wave the jack solenoid operated directional valve, 12 reversible locks, 13 tiltedly draw the jack solenoid operated directional valve, 14 reducing valve, 15 overflow valves, 16 one way valves, 17 unidirectional locks
The specific embodiment:
Digging and transport are combined and to be adopted unit electrohydraulic control system operating principle and be: solenoid operated directional valve 9,10,11 respectively control bracket extensible canopy jack, pass jack and wave stretching out and reclaiming of jack; Reversible lock 12 realizes waving the locking of jack, prevents that digging and transport machine beam from falling voluntarily; Control tiltedly draws the three-position electromagnetic reversal valve 13 of jack to be in opening always, and digging and transport machine Liang is always had a pulling force that makes progress, and prevents that the digging and transport machine from gliding; Reducing valve 14 is used for reducing to offer tiltedly drawing the jack high pressure liquid; Overflow valve 15 makes and tiltedly draws jack to return level pressure of the total maintenance of liquid oil circuit, to keep the pulling force that digging and transport machine beam is made progress; Draw tiltedly in the one way valve 16 control digging and transport machine beam decline processes that liquid can only return liquid by overflow valve in the jack annular chamber.When concrete enforcement is of the present invention, take following steps:
(1) will tiltedly draw jack solenoid operated directional valve 13 to get to position, a left side, and tiltedly draw jack annular chamber internal pressure also to be not enough to back down 15 times liquid of overflow valve, and tiltedly draw jack to be failure to actuate.
(2) set the overhang that waves jack, the driver sends the solenoid operated directional valve 11 that makes after the instruction control on each hydraulic support of full face wave jack and all is in position, a left side, waving jack stretches out under the effect of high pressure liquid, after reaching the setting overhang, electrohydraulic control system will be waved jack solenoid operated directional valve 11 and get to meta according to the feedback of obliquity sensor.As in waving the jack uphill process, jack pressure surpasses the safe pressure that reversible lock 12 is set, then jack overflow, stop motion.Wave jack at other and continue motion process, adjust motion state each other automatically, make the jack admission chamber pressure that waves of stop motion drop to normal value, restart motion, repeat said process, arrive the precalculated position up to digging and transport machine beam.
(3) lift in the process at digging and transport machine beam, tiltedly draw jack annular chamber internal pressure to increase rapidly, surpass the pressure that overflow valve 15 is set, begin back liquid, the pressure stretch of piston rod band goes out, and still keeping has a pulling force that makes progress to digging and transport machine beam.
(4) set the overhang of passing jack, the driver makes the solenoid operated directional valve 10 of control passing jack on each hydraulic support of full face all be in position, a left side after sending instruction, passing jack stretches out under the effect of high pressure liquid successively, planer head is coal cutting from top to bottom, and full face coal cutting length is controlled in the 30m.After the passing jack is released scheduled volume, just stop to release.All undercutting is behind scheduled volume when the full face, and from top to bottom this pushes ahead again to pass jack, repeats above-mentioned coal cutting program.Push jack through stretching out several times, reach 300mm after, electrohydraulic control system is closed solenoid operated directional valve 10 according to the feedback of displacement transducer, passes jack and stops action.As in passing jack passing process, jack pressure surpasses unidirectional lock 17 and sets safe pressure, and then loop overflow is not impaired thereby jack is passed in protection.
(5) electrohydraulic control system control extensible canopy solenoid operated directional valve 9 is in position, a left side, and support extensible canopy jack stretches out the immediate support top board.
(6) will tiltedly draw jack solenoid operated directional valve 13 to get to right position, and keep original position because of digging and transport machine beam and do not move, and tiltedly draw jack that recovery trend is only arranged, but be failure to actuate.
(7) will wave jack solenoid operated directional valve 11 and get to right position, the digging and transport machine is waving under jack pulling force and the action of gravity, and coal cutting downwards is up to base plate.
(8) when digging and transport machine beam moves downward, tiltedly draw the liquid in the jack annular chamber to reflux from overflow valve 15, tiltedly draw jack along with digging and transport machine beam moves downward and reclaims, and this beam is had one to upper pulling force always, prevent that the digging and transport machine from gliding.
(9) repeat above-mentioned course of action, digging and transport machine cut coal 600mm finishes a coal cutting circulation, and the timberer enters work plane and prepares to move frame.
(10) adopt moving manner from bottom to top substantially at the high_dipping face support based on the crab bearer group.Timberer's the moving of adjacent frame control bracket on the reach support, the slide rail of the following adjacent frame of reach support and side guard board are for relying on reach.When the crab bearer group of 5 one group of reach work plane lower end, should move second support earlier.
(11) when second support of reach, slightly unclamp the jack of transferring beam and side guard board in the end, fall post then, make and pass the jack recovery, move frame.During reach, be support, after the reach of sliding puts in place, utilize the end to transfer beam and side guard board to adjust the support state, it is mediated, rise the vertical roof and floor of column and support, finish a support and move the frame operation with slide rail and back timber side guard board on following first bracket base.
(12) move forward successively in a manner described the top third and fourth, five supports, bottom support of reach afterwards.
(13) by each support in the mode of second support of reach from bottom to top reach work plane successively, last person's support on work plane top is a support with following support, and it is identical with other support to move the frame operation, moves forward successively from the bottom to top.
Claims (6)
1. a comprehensive mechanization coal-mining method of heavy pitch course long well is characterized in that, uses a kind of digging and transport to combine and adopts unit exploitation.
2. coal-mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, work plane moves towards to advance along being in tilted layout.
3. coal-mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during digging and transport machine coal breakage, the operation of digging and transport machine is controlled automatically by electric liquid and frequency convertor system follow procedure, realizes unattended in entire working surface.
4. coal-mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the mode of adjacent frame control bracket reach in the employing, and the slide rail of the following adjacent frame of reach support and side guard board are for relying on reach.
5. coal-mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during the digging and transport machine cut coal, thrust gear is controlled by electrohydraulic system, adopts timing, quantitative manner to advance coal cutting to rib.
6. coal-mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, production practice comprises following 10 steps:
1) digging and transport machine driver presses condition of coal seam occurrence and sets digging and transport unit each parts working procedure and mode by being placed in the digging and transport machine operation platform of crossheading;
2) digging and transport machine driver is placed in the digging and transport machine operation platform of crossheading equally by operation, and instruction digging and transport machine machine beam lifts, and tiltedly draws jack to stretch out thereupon;
3) after digging and transport machine driver receives that digging and transport machine beam is lifted to the signal in precalculated position, start the digging and transport machine, after the digging and transport machine works well, press the propelling button, pass jack and push digging and transport machine machine beam to rib, coal cutting tiltedly draws jack to stretch out thereupon;
4) after work plane passing jack was bottom released 300mm, the driver pressed digging and transport machine machine beam decline button, waved jack and reclaimed, and digging and transport machine machine beam descends and cuts ground coal.Tiltedly draw jack in company with recovery, behind digging and transport machine beam decline 200mm, the hydraulic support extensible canopy stretches out immediately by preset program, and supporting exposes top board;
5) when waving after jack is recovered to base plate, the driver stops the running of digging and transport machine, presses digging and transport machine beam then and lifts button, waves jack digging and transport machine beam is lifted to the precalculated position;
Repeat 3), 4) and 5) operation, the full face coal cutting, advance 300mm again;
6) after digging and transport machine driver receives that waving jack is recovered to the signal of base plate, press the stall button, the stall of digging and transport machine, its long beam is positioned at base plate, move the frame workman and enter work plane, prepare the support that below work plane, moves forward one by one, the 2nd support in 5 supports of work plane lower end that at first move forward;
7) operating personnel's neighboring frame-operated the 2nd support on the 3rd support, this support is a support with the 1st slide rail and side guard board, band is pressed and is advanced to the precalculated position;
8) move forward in this way behind the 4th support on it, then reach the 1st support bottom;
9) each support of the work plane that moves forward in this way from bottom to top is up to upper end;
10) work plane is finished a regular circulation, prepares the next circulation of beginning.
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CN102251774A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2011-11-23 | 河南理工大学 | Fully mechanized coal mining method combining steeply inclined long-wall drilling type coal mining machine with hydraulic shield type supports |
CN102418541A (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2012-04-18 | 三一重型装备有限公司 | Method, device and system for automatically moving hydraulic supports for coal plough |
CN102562066A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-11 | 袁野 | Method for mechanically mining coal by using steep seam pseudo inclination bracing type retractable flexible shield support |
CN102587913A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2012-07-18 | 重庆市能源投资集团科技有限责任公司 | Steeply inclined seam dip oblique strike longwall comprehensive mechanical coal mining method |
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CN102251774A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2011-11-23 | 河南理工大学 | Fully mechanized coal mining method combining steeply inclined long-wall drilling type coal mining machine with hydraulic shield type supports |
CN102251774B (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2014-04-02 | 河南理工大学 | Fully mechanized coal mining method combining steeply inclined long-wall drilling type coal mining machine with hydraulic shield type supports |
CN102418541B (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-12-25 | 三一重型装备有限公司 | Method, device and system for automatically moving hydraulic supports for coal plough |
CN102418541A (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2012-04-18 | 三一重型装备有限公司 | Method, device and system for automatically moving hydraulic supports for coal plough |
CN102562066A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-11 | 袁野 | Method for mechanically mining coal by using steep seam pseudo inclination bracing type retractable flexible shield support |
CN102562066B (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2013-11-13 | 袁野 | Method for mechanically mining coal by using steep seam pseudo inclination bracing type retractable flexible shield support |
CN102587913A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2012-07-18 | 重庆市能源投资集团科技有限责任公司 | Steeply inclined seam dip oblique strike longwall comprehensive mechanical coal mining method |
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