CN101912872B - Method for restoring cadmium contaminated soil by using cypress seedlings - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring cadmium contaminated soil by using cypress seedlings, belonging to the technical field of phytoremediation of environmental pollution. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting soil with cadmium pollution which is less than or equal to 100mg kg<-1>; planting annual or biennial cypress seedlings in the open air; watering and supplying fertilizers in due time in order to retain soil moisture content from 60 percent to 80 percent; selling or transplanting the cypress seedlings which are transplanted from the nursery in autumn of the current year or in spring of the following year; and continuously multi-cropping and managing in the original field until the cadmium pollution of the soil of the field is reduced to a safety standard which is lower than 1mg kg<-1>. The method is characterized in that the cypress seedlings have strong cadmium toxicity resistance and high restoration efficiency, the transplanted seedlings have no secondary pollution for a soil body, medium and mild cadmium contaminated soil can be restored and used in time, and the like. The method can be widely applied to medium and mild cadmium contaminated soilareas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation technology field of environmental pollution, particularly a kind of Cupressaceae greening seedling that utilizes is repaired by the method for cadmium pollution soil.
Background technology
Cadmium is the heavy metal elements that occurring in nature extensively exists.In recent years because human activity like exploitation of mineral resources, sewage irrigation, various these the non-natural sources such as cadmium getting fat material, phosphate fertilizer and industrial waste gas sedimentation that contain of chronic administration, makes the problem of environmental pollution that is caused by cadmium increasingly serious.According to " soil environment quality standard " (GB 15618-1995), the critical value of Cadmium Pollution in Soils is 1mg kg
-1China's agricultural soil cadmium pollution is commonplace, nineteen ninety receive the soil of cadmium pollution reached 20 surplus ten thousand mu.For example, Shanghai ant Bin Qu receives cadmium pollution soil on average to contain cadmium 21.48mg kg
-1, be up to 130mg kg
-1Old dirty irrigated area, suburb, Guangzhou soil contains cadmium and is up to 228mg kg
-1Open the dirty irrigated area of scholar in Shenyang, the soil cadmium content is at 5-7mg kg
-1Farmland area up to 330ha, the rice of production contains cadmium 0.4-1.0mg kg
-1, be state health standards 8-12 doubly, deserve to be called typical " cadmium rice ", local government has assigned in 1994 and has stopped ploughing instruction.
At present, both at home and abroad heavy-metal contaminated soil is attached great importance to, taked various technology to administer, comprise several aspects such as physics reparation, chemistry reparation and biological restoration; As use the activity of chemical stabilizer with the reduction heavy metal, or remove with electroosmose process counterweight metal ion, or utilize rinse solvent such as EDTA to carry out drip washing.That yet said method all exists is big as investing, effect is unstable, the soil natural attribute is had the defective of strong destruction etc., thus be suitable for the place reparation of industrial and mining enterprises etc., but be unaccommodated to the big agricultural land soil of contaminated area.Phytoremediation technology has received the great attention of each side in recent years; Promptly utilize hyperaccumulative plant to absorb some the certain heavy metallic element in the soil; And it is transferred to the aerial part of this plant; When absorbing, build up to when a certain amount of through harvesting or plantation continuously continuously, up to the heavy metal in the soil is dropped to acceptable level.Yet; Also has certain gap between the ultra accumulation plant of screening at present and the desirable plants: a kind of adaptive mutation body that (1) ultra accumulation plant is normally induced for a long time, tames under the heavy metal stress environment; Often it shows poor growth, biomass is low; Cause remediation efficiency not high, and usually receive the competitiveness threat of weeds; (2) mostly ultra accumulation plant is the wild type rare plant, relatively stricter to the requirement of bioclimatic condition, regionally distributes byer force, and strict right natural disposition makes its introduce a fine variety, promote and be severely limited; (3) selectivity of ultra accumulation plant is very strong, and often only to certain specific heavy metal performance excess of export accumulation ability, and major part is still under test, also has certain distance to practical application; (4) ultra accumulation plant is gathered in the crops the back if deal with improperly, may bring secondary pollution; (5) the ultra accumulation phytoremediation time is relatively grown (5-20), polluted farmland soil is letted a piece of farmland go to waste for a long time repair, and the cultivated land resource operability valuable for China is not strong.
Therefore, some scholars' propositions soil medium to some or light pollution level (is lower than 20mg kg like the soil cadmium concentration in recent years
-1); There is no need it is letted a piece of farmland go to waste and carry out various reparations; Though some are less to the pollutant accumulation amount and can pass through plantation; But it is the certain contamination resistance of tool and the crop or the plant of economic worth are arranged still, thereby land resource was fully used, in making again, slight pollution soil in time obtains repairing.Yet though existing at present report has filtered out the lower crop of heavy metal cumulant in a collection of seed, it links to each other with food chain after all, in the food security utilization, still has certain risk; And the plant of the broken away from food chain that filters out, most no economic worths, the plantation expense also needs government finance to subsidize, and still there are problems in the processing after gathering in the crops, misoperation, the secondary pollution risk is bigger.Therefore; To all kinds of soil pollutions; Excavate, filter out a collection of both to the certain antipollution of a certain pollution tool with inhale cumulative power, belong to non-food chain again and the crop or the plant variety of certain economic value arranged, this is a significant job to the comparatively nervous China of land resource.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to; Low to the ultra accumulation of present cadmium pollution phytoremediation efficient, repair time long, be prone to produce the defective of secondary pollution etc.; A kind of exploitation while repairing, small investment, instant effect, safe and reliable are provided, in being applicable to, the plant restoration method of slight cadmium pollution soil.
Foundation of the present invention is: clear and definite through screening test, and one, the Cupressaceae nursery stock has higher patience to cadmium, can be at≤100mg kg
-1Cadmium pollution soil on normal growth, and inhale and to gather, to accumulate a certain amount of cadmium element; Two, the Cupressaceae nursery stock transplanting that suction is gathered, accumulates a certain amount of cadmium element is to other plot, because cadmium has been fixed in the nursery stock body, does not have the situation of release through the cadmium of measuring clear and definite its root, can not produce secondary pollution to transplanting plot soil; Three, after planting, transplant several years time continuously, may ultimately reach the purpose of reparation, safe utilization cadmium pollution soil.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme of the present invention's employing is following.
Utilize the method for Cupressaceae nursery stock cadmium pollution soil repair, this method is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) selects cadmium pollution≤100mg kg
-1Soil, for use;
(2) spring 1-2 is given birth to, the Cupressaceae nursery stock of plant height 20-30cm is planted by ten thousand/per hectare of 6-10 in the open;
(3) according to the soil liquid manure situation, water, supplementary fertilizer in good time, make soil moisture content remain on 60%-80%;
(4) plantation is sold or is transplanted to going out the garden then in autumn or 1 year spring;
(5) continuously continuous cropping multiple cropping on former plot, manage, go out the garden and sell or transplant the Cupressaceae nursery stock, be brought down below 1mg kg until this plot Cadmium Pollution in Soils
-1Safety standard.
Described Cupressaceae nursery stock is the nursery stock of choosing any one kind of them among cypress, arbor-vitae and the Lan Bingbai.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention compares with the method for utilizing ultra accumulation phytoremediation cadmium pollution soil in the past, and following some raising is arranged: the anti-cadmium poisoning ability of (1) Cupressaceae nursery stock (cypress, arbor-vitae or Lan Bingbai) is stronger, can contain≤100mg kg
-1Normal growth in the soil of cadmium; (2) the Cupressaceae seedling root is flourishing, and seedling growth is fast, and biomass is big, can efficiently inhale the cadmium that gathers in the soil, and remediation efficiency is high; (3) clear and definite through test, cadmium is mainly gathered, is fixed in the root of Cupressaceae nursery stock by suction, and its cadmium concentration can reach 300～500mg kg
-1, be about 100～300 times of overground part; (4) through measuring; Nursery stock is whole to be transplanted after 1 month, and the cadmium content of nursery stock root and preliminary phase be than no marked change, it is thus clear that after cadmium is fixed in the body especially root by plant; There is not the situation that surrounding soil is discharged, can not produce secondary pollution the soil body on every side; (5) Cupressaceae nursery stock adaptability is strong; Moderate cost is used very extensively in afforestation project, after whole transplanting, in repairing polluted soil, has also produced economic benefit; Can on contaminated soil, set up the novel economizer growth pattern, alleviate the contradiction between the development of contaminated soil and regional agriculture.Therefore; The inventive method had both overcome that ultra accumulation phytoremediation efficient is low, repair time is long; Be prone to produce the shortcoming of secondary pollution, in making again, slight cadmium pollution soil in time is reused, therefore; The present invention compared with utilize ultra accumulation phytoremediation technology in the past, and its operability has obtained significantly improving.
The specific embodiment
Through following examples the present invention is done further detailed description, but the present invention is not limited by following content.
Embodiment 1: (the potted plant different cadmium concentration of treatment contrast tests of blue ice Bai Miaomu)
(1) test material and scheme arrangement
1. test material
Soil: pick up from the meal sand soil of Shangyu, Zhejiang Province city tidal land, its basic physicochemical character is following: pH5.7, content of organic matter 5.3g kg
-1, available phosphorus 3.4mg kg
-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 45mg kg
-1, available potassium 67mg kg
-1, cadmium is not measured (the Atomic Absorption instrument is measured, U.S. PE company).
Lan Bingbai: available from nursery district, Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province.
2. pot experiment
Supply the potted plant soil of examination to establish 4 cadmium concentrations and handle, be respectively 0mg kg
-1, 50mg kg
-1, 100mg kg
-1, 200mg kg
-1, with CdCl
2Form adds.Wherein, do not add cadmium (0mg kg
-1) being treated to 4 repetitions, all the other 3 processing respectively are 8 repetitions, 4 processing amount to 28 basins.Supplying examination basin alms bowl is diameter 15cm, high 12cm, and every basin is adorned native 1.4kg, and APEX is slow, and 4g kg is pressed in fertilising
-1Soil applies.Basin alms bowl built-in polybag is in case cadmium goes out with elutriation in the soil.Choose the consistent indigo plant ice Bai Miaomu of growth, plant, soil moisture keeps 60%～80% between planting period.Plant each processing results 4 basin after 60 days, measure nursery stock root, stem, leaf portion biomass and cadmium uptake; The destructiveness sampling is carried out in remaining 3 processing (12 basin); Be about to the complete taking-up of nursery stock (root keeps complete as far as possible), shake off the soil of root set, and the soil of absorption is rinsed well with clear water; Transplant to the basin alms bowl that no cadmium soil is housed, basin alms bowl size and soil loading amount are the same again.Transplant plantation and gather in the crops after 30 days, measure nursery stock root, stem, leaf portion cadmium content.
3. analytical method
3.1 plant planted 60 days and 90 days (transplanted seedling) after the nursery stock sample pretreatment
Plant is divided into leaf, stem and root three parts, leaf, stem two parts with deionized water rinsing wash, filter paper blots.Root elder generation rinses well with the soil that running water will adhere to root, again at 0.05mol L
-1CaCl
2Solution flushing and soaking 15 minutes is adsorbed on the cadmium of root table with removal, and clean with distilled water flushing at last, filter paper blots.Root, stem, leaf be earlier at 105 ℃ of 15min that complete, and dries to constant in 70 ℃ then, weighs, and sieves after grinding, and be subsequent use.
3.2 analyze
Take by weighing a certain amount of sample (0.10～0.15g), pure HNO
3(top grade is pure) disappears and boils 24 hours, and constant volume utilizes atomic absorption spectrophotometer (U.S. PE company) to measure Cd content.
Each position dry weight (g) of cadmium concentration (μ g/g) * nursery stock in each position cadmium content of nursery stock (μ g)=each position of nursery stock
4.1 data
Adopt Microsoft Excel and SPSS 12.0 to combine, the data of different disposal are carried out the single factor least significant difference of LSD-analyze (ANOVA), relatively each is handled and contrast differences conspicuousness, and data are represented with mean value ± standard error.
(2) result of the test
Each handles blue ice cypress root, stem, leaf and whole strain dry weight (g/ strain) table 1
Significant difference (p＜0.05) represented in different letters in the table
Can find out that by table 1 biomass of blue ice cypress root and stem shared large percentage in whole plant be respectively 38% and 40%, and leaf portion accounts for to such an extent that ratio is less relatively.50 with 100mg kg
-1Cadmium is handled down, and its root, stem, leaf dry weight are compared (not adding cadmium) with contrast does not all have marked change (p＜0.05), shows stronger patience.But when the cadmium pollution level is higher, promptly at 200mg kg
-1Cadmium is handled down, and root, stem, leaf dry weight all significantly descend (p＜0.05), has promptly exceeded the tolerance range of Lan Bingbai, has suppressed the growth of Lan Bingbai.
Each handles the cadmium content (μ g) in blue ice cypress root, stem, leaf and the whole strain table 2
Significant difference (p＜0.05) represented in different letters in the table
Can find out that by table 2 the cadmium ability of gathering of root is the strongest in blue ice cypress root, stem, three positions of leaf, 50,100 and 200mg kg
-1Cadmium was handled after 60 days, and root cadmium uptake accounts for 77.0%, 90.0% and 93.1% of whole plant respectively, and stem and leaf portion cadmium uptake proportion is seldom in whole plant.Along with the cadmium concentration of treatment increases, the cadmium uptake of blue ice cypress root, stem, leaf and whole plant all significantly increases (p＜0.05).
After detecting transplanting, whether the cadmium of blue ice cypress root exists the situation of release, measures transplanting in root to pollution-free soil nursery stock after 30 days, stem, the leaf cadmium content.The result shows, transplant after 30 days, the cadmium content in root, stem, the leaf with transplant before compare, no significant difference, this explains that cadmium has been fixed in the nursery stock root, is not discharged in the middle of the soil body.
Indigo plant ice cypressCypressus is in taper coniferale aiphyllium, and growth can be grown tall more than the 5cm rapidly every year at least, and annual leaf is charming frost blueness, in the color lump configuration of gardening, is bringing into play unique effect.Lan Bingbai is also not long, on the high side in China's development time, sells with the price of every centimeter 1 yuan of plant height usually on the market, calculates with 60000 of per hectare plantations, and annual return can reach more than 300,000 yuan/hectare.Simultaneously, Lan Bingbai can the kg of anti-100mg
-1Cadmium coerce, can be in general polluted farmland soil normal growth (pollution level in most farmlands is at 20mg kg
-1Below).On the soil of cadmium pollution, plant Lan Bingbai; Gather behind the cadmium through suction and to shift with the mode of transplanting again; Because cadmium is fixed in the root, can not produce secondary pollution, so continuous plantation, transplanting continuously; Make contaminated soil can bring into play its productivity again, finally reach the purpose that rehabilitating soil and highly effective and safe utilize contaminated soil.
Embodiment 2: (the potted plant different cadmium concentration of treatment contrast tests of cypress nursery stock)
(1) test material and scheme arrangement
The cypress nursery stock is purchased in nursery district, Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province;
All the other test materials, pot experiment, analytical method and data all are same as with embodiment 1;
(2) result of the test
Table 3 is respectively handled cypress root, stem, leaf and whole strain dry weight (g/ strain)
Significant difference (p＜0.05) represented in different letters in the table
Can find out that by table 3 biomass of cypress leaf and root shared large percentage in whole plant be respectively 45% and 37%, and stem's proportion is less relatively.50 with 100mg kg
-1Cadmium is handled down, and cypress root, stem, leaf dry weight are compared (not adding cadmium) with control treatment does not all have marked change (p＜0.05), shows stronger patience.But when the cadmium pollution level is higher, promptly at 200mg kg
-1Cadmium is handled down, and root, stem, leaf dry weight all significantly descend (p＜0.05), and whole strain dry weight is merely 70% of contrast, has promptly exceeded the tolerance range of cypress, has suppressed the growth of cypress.
Table 4 is respectively handled the cadmium content (μ g) in cypress root, stem, leaf and the whole strain
Significant difference (p＜0.05) represented in different letters in the table
Can find out that by table 4 in cypress root, stem, three positions of leaf, the cadmium ability of gathering of root is the strongest, 50,100 and 200mg kg
-1Cadmium was handled after 60 days, and root cadmium uptake accounts for 86.0%, 76.1% and 77.8% of whole plant respectively, and stem and leaf portion cadmium uptake proportion in whole plant are less.100mg kg
-1The cadmium uptake of root, stem, leaf was significantly higher than 50mg kg during cadmium was handled
-1Cadmium is handled, but with 200mg kg
-1It is not remarkable that cadmium is handled difference.
After detecting transplanting, whether the cadmium of cypress root exists the situation of release, measures transplanting in root to pollution-free soil nursery stock after 30 days, stem, the leaf cadmium content.The result shows, transplant after 30 days, the cadmium content in root, stem, the leaf with transplant before compare, no significant difference, this explains that cadmium has been fixed in the nursery stock root, is not discharged in the middle of the soil body.
Cypress side shoot distortion helical form is embraced dried and is given birth to, and peculiar, ornamental value is very high, and China widely cultivates various places.Can grow tall every year more than the 5cm, per hectare is decided strain more than 120,000.By every centimeter 0.1 yuan of calculation of price of the market price, annual return can be more than 60,000 yuan/hectare.Simultaneously, cypress can the kg of anti-100mg
-1Cadmium coerce, can be in general polluted agricultural land, soil normal growth.On the soil of cadmium pollution, plant cypress; Gather behind the cadmium through suction and to shift with the mode of transplanting again,, can not produce secondary pollution because cadmium is fixed in the plant; So continuous plantation, transplanting finally reach the purpose of rehabilitating soil and safe utilization contaminated soil.
Embodiment 3: (the potted plant different cadmium concentration of treatment contrast tests of arbor-vitae nursery stock)
(1) test material and scheme arrangement
The arbor-vitae nursery stock is purchased in nursery district, Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province;
All the other test materials, pot experiment, analytical method and data all are same as with embodiment 1;
(2) result of the test
Table 5 is respectively handled arbor-vitae root, stem, leaf and whole strain dry weight (g/ strain)
Significant difference (p＜0.05) represented in different letters in the table
Can find out that by table 5 biomass of cacumen biotae shared large percentage in whole plant be 55%, and stem and root accounts for to such an extent that ratio is less relatively.50 with 100mg kg
-1Cadmium is handled down, and arbor-vitae root, stem, leaf dry weight are compared (not adding cadmium) with control treatment does not all have marked change (p＜0.05), shows stronger patience.But when the cadmium pollution level is higher, promptly at 200mg kg
-1Cadmium is handled down, and root, stem, leaf dry weight all significantly descend (p＜0.05), and whole strain dry weight has promptly exceeded the tolerance range of arbor-vitae for 75% of contrast, has suppressed the growth of arbor-vitae.
Table 6 is respectively handled the cadmium content (μ g) in arbor-vitae root, stem, leaf and the whole strain
Significant difference (p＜0.05) represented in different letters in the table
Can find out that by table 6 in arbor-vitae root, stem, three positions of leaf, the cadmium ability of gathering of root is the strongest, 50,100 and 200mg kg
-1Cadmium was handled after 60 days, and root cadmium uptake accounts for 84.5%, 65.6% and 48.1% of whole plant respectively, stem's cadmium uptake secondly, leaf portion proportion in whole plant is minimum.Along with the cadmium concentration of treatment increases, the cadmium uptake of blue ice cypress root, stem, leaf and whole plant all significantly increases (p＜0.05).
After detecting transplanting, whether the cadmium of arbor-vitae root exists the situation of release, measures transplanting in root to pollution-free soil nursery stock after 30 days, stem, the leaf cadmium content.The result shows, transplant after 30 days, the cadmium content in root, stem, the leaf with transplant before compare, no significant difference, this explains that cadmium has been fixed in the nursery stock root, is not discharged in the middle of the soil body.
Arbor-vitae artificial cultivation scope spreads all over the country, and is good afforestation seeds, and patience is strong, and is applied widely, can grow tall every year more than the 10cm, and per hectare is decided strain more than 120,000.By every centimeter 0.01 yuan of calculation of price of the market price, annual return can be more than 1.2 ten thousand yuan/hectare.Simultaneously, arbor-vitae can the kg of anti-100mg
-1Cadmium coerce, can be in polluted agricultural land, soil normal growth (pollution level in most farmlands is at 20mg kg
-1Below) on the soil of cadmium pollution, plant arbor-vitae; Gather behind the cadmium through suction and to shift with the mode of transplanting again,, can not produce secondary pollution because cadmium is fixed in the plant; So continuous plantation, the continuous transplanting finally reach the purpose of rehabilitating soil and safe utilization contaminated soil.
Claims (1)
1. utilize the method for cypress, arbor-vitae or blue ice Bai Miaomu cadmium pollution soil repair, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) selects cadmium pollution≤100mg kg
-1Soil, for use;
(2) spring 1-2 is given birth to, the cypress of plant height 20-30cm, arbor-vitae or blue ice Bai Miaomu plant by ten thousand/per hectare of 6-10 in the open;
(3) according to the soil liquid manure situation, water, supplementary fertilizer in good time, make soil moisture content remain on 60%-80%;
(4) plantation is sold or is transplanted to going out the garden then in autumn or 1 year spring;
(5) continuously continuous cropping multiple cropping on former plot, manage, go out the garden and sell or transplant cypress, arbor-vitae or blue ice Bai Miaomu, be brought down below 1mg kg until this plot Cadmium Pollution in Soils
-1Safety standard.
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| CN102941220A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-02-27 | 四川农业大学 | Application of leucaena glauca in reparation of soil polluted by heavy metal cadmium |
| CN107597839B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-03-24 | 杭州师范大学钱江学院 | Green plant restoration method for heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN108746197A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-06 | 山西省林业科学研究院 | A kind of arbor-vitae ecological restoring method |
| CN111466172A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-31 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening nursery stock |
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2010
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| 庞静.北京耐土壤重金属污染城市绿化植物的筛选与评价.《北京林业大学》.2008,全文. * |
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