CN101902832A - Lower power consumption wireless sensor network node device capable of monitoring vibration continuously - Google Patents
Lower power consumption wireless sensor network node device capable of monitoring vibration continuously Download PDFInfo
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- CN101902832A CN101902832A CN2010102498371A CN201010249837A CN101902832A CN 101902832 A CN101902832 A CN 101902832A CN 2010102498371 A CN2010102498371 A CN 2010102498371A CN 201010249837 A CN201010249837 A CN 201010249837A CN 101902832 A CN101902832 A CN 101902832A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a lower power consumption wireless sensor network node device capable of monitoring vibration continuously, wherein a power supply module, a communication module and a sensor module are connected with a microprocessor. The power supply module is structurally characterized in that the output ends of a solar battery and a lithium battery are connected with three input ends of a first analogue switch respectively. The output end of the first analogue switch is connected with the power supply interface of the microprocessor. The signal output end of a self-sourced vibration sensor is respectively connected with the signal input end and the interruption port of the microprocessor through a first operational amplifier and a comparator. The signal output end of an external-sourced acceleration sensor is connected with the other signal input end of the microprocessor through a second operational amplifier and the power supply end of the external-sourced acceleration sensor is controlled by the second analogue switch of the microprocessor and connected with the current power supply output end selected by the node. The device has the advantages of obvious energy-saving effect and can ensure the long-term continuous work of the network node of the wireless sensor.
Description
Technical field
The technology of the present invention relates to a kind of power consumption wireless sensor network node device of sustainable monitoring vibration, is applicable to that status monitoring, target acquisition etc. need the application scenario of real time on-line monitoring.
Technical background
The self-organizing network that wireless sensor network is made up of a large amount of sensor nodes cheaply.Node possesses wireless communication ability, not only is responsible for collection, the processing of environmental information, also wants the data of sending and receiving self and network, but resource-constraineds such as its energy.Because the inconvenience of the supplying cell of node is changed, energy-conservation to greatest extent is the First Principles of design of node.Wireless sensor network node is made up of four modules such as microprocessor, radio communication, transducer and power supplys.It is generally acknowledged that the sensing module power consumption is very low, thereby the power saving of processor and wireless communication devices is only discussed in existing research basically.Because energy is supplied with restriction, wireless sensor network is applicable to that generally real-time requires lower environmental monitoring.When the transducer continuous firing, its energy consumption not necessarily is lower than the energy consumption of communication module, and performance requirement high energy consumption more is also big more.Therefore, existing wireless sensor node is difficult to real-time such as adaptive state monitoring and requires application scenario high, that need the transducer continuous firing.
Microprocessor is the control core of whole node, be responsible for data acquisition, processing and radio communication, but be not to be under the high capacity operating state always, therefore, the microprocessor of node should possess the mode of operation of multiple different power consumption, can not only satisfy performance requirement but also can reduce the mode of operation of power consumption according to present load situation choose reasonable.
In node low power dissipation design in the past, sensor assembly is with the operation of the working method of low duty ratio, therefore, the influence of transducer ignored in the research of wireless sensor node Low-power Technology, lacks the low power dissipation design at working sensor.Along with the development of wireless sensor technology with towards real-time demands of applications, there are many occasions to continue on-line monitoring incessantly in the reality to vibration signal.Because monitoring vibration signal constantly, even adopted the integrated sensor spare of low-power consumption, the ratio that the energy consumption of sensor assembly accounts for the node total energy consumption is also very big, can not ignore, and need carry out low power dissipation design according to mission requirements and characteristic sensor.Transducer is of a great variety, and operation principle and formation are not quite similar.According to energy relationship, transducer can be divided into from source type and external source type.Output from source type transducer is directly got by measured power conversion, does not need excitation power supply, still, and generally because of the too late external source type transducer of certainty of measurement a little less than the signal.In target acquisition, status monitoring occasion, although adopt high accuracy external source type transducer can guarantee required precision, when the appearance of target is unpredictable, continue to use such sensor monitors, to make the node energy content of battery expend too much, can not satisfy the requirement that works long hours.Only adopt from source type transducer, though can significantly reduce node energy consumption, prolongation node life-span, often its certainty of measurement, bandwidth etc. are all not enough.Therefore, press for and to continue to monitor, possess the wireless sensor network node technology of low-power consumption characteristics again.
The disparate modules of wireless sensor network node has different operating currents or voltage, and the electric current of same module under the different operating state is also different.From energy-conservation consideration, each module of node will have the mode of operation and the operating voltage of different power consumption, thereby needs to adjust power supply.On the other hand, the battery variety difference that node is selected for use is alkaline battery, lithium battery etc. for example, makes the actual nonlinear characteristic of battery different with output voltage range.For required burning voltage being provided and making full use of battery power for each module, need carry out the boosting of high energy efficiency, step-down or lifting/voltage reducing voltage stabilizing adjustment.Load variations and battery behavior are in the variation input of node power adjuster, output, and wherein output current changes greatly.This requires node power and management should satisfy node operation and required power specification and the quality requirement of performance, the load variations that can adapt to other modules of node again, for it provides the different operating state required voltage and current, power supply consumable under simultaneously can also reducing from the high capacity to the idle condition improves the efficiency under the different loads.At present, big multinode is directly to be powered by battery, and the typical node platform that has has only disposed the linear voltage adjuster keeping the burning voltage output of battery, the power module of being unrealized energy-conservation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of power consumption wireless sensor network node device of sustainable monitoring vibration, this device energy-saving effect is obvious, can ensure the long-time continuous firing of wireless sensor network node.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of power consumption wireless sensor network node device of sustainable monitoring vibration comprises microprocessor, power module, communication module and sensor assembly, and described power module, communication module and sensor assembly all are connected with microprocessor;
The structure of described power module is: the output of solar cell and lithium battery joins with 2 inputs of first analog switch that is controlled by microprocessor respectively, and the output of described first analog switch connects the power interface of microprocessor through pressurizer; The positive pole of the output terminating diode of lithium battery, the negative pole of diode connects the output of power module;
The structure of described sensor assembly is: the signal output part from source type vibrating sensor joins through the signal input part of first operational amplifier and microprocessor, connect an input of comparator from the signal output part of source type vibrating sensor, another input termination of comparator can be set the reference voltage resistance bleeder circuit output of compare threshold, the middle fracture of the output termination microprocessor of comparator by digital potentiometer;
The signal output part of external source type acceleration transducer joins through another signal input part of second operational amplifier and microprocessor; A switch passage of second analog switch of the power end of external source type acceleration transducer through being controlled by microprocessor is connected to the output port of power module; Another switch passage of second analog switch of the power end of first operational amplifier through being controlled by microprocessor is connected to the output port of power module.
The structure of described communication module is: wireless communication devices is connected to the output port of power module by the 3rd analog switch that is controlled by microprocessor, and wireless communication devices and microprocessor join.
Solar cell is in parallel with ultracapacitor.
Microprocessor adopts the super low-power consumption microprocessor, adjust pressurizer and select the integrated lifting/voltage reducing pressurizer that under little load, can keep high energy efficiency for use, the type acceleration transducer is made of piezoelectric type vibration combination of elements low power consumption comparator and operational amplifier from the source, external source type acceleration transducer is selected the low-power consumption integrated device for use, first analog switch, second analog switch and the 3rd analog switch are all selected the integrated electronic analog switch of super low-power consumption for use, first operational amplifier and second operational amplifier all adopt the low-power consumption integrated chip, and wireless communication devices is selected integration module for use.
The model of microprocessor is MSP430F1611, adjusting the pressurizer model is TPS63030, adopt piezoelectric vibration device MiniSense 100 from source type vibrating sensor, the model of external source type acceleration transducer is ADXL202E, the model of first analog switch is ADG821, the model of second analog switch is ADG821, the model of the 3rd analog switch is ADG821, first operational amplifier and second operational amplifier all adopt the TLV2402 chip, comparator adopts the TLV3492 chip, reference voltage source adopts the ref1112 chip, wireless communication devices adopts the CC2520 chip, and the output voltage of the output port of power module is 3V.
The positive pole of the output terminating diode of lithium battery, the negative pole of diode connects the output of power module, its effect is, when the power consumption wireless sensor network node device of sustainable monitoring vibration starts, analog switch is also inoperative, and this time, lithium battery is a microprocessor power supply by this diode just, when the power consumption wireless sensor network node device steady operation of sustainable monitoring vibration, this diode branch has just no longer worked.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention realizes the continuing to monitor of vibration signal prolonged the useful life of node in the low-power consumption mode under the prerequisite that guaranteed performance requires, and is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1, the present invention adopts the mode from source type and the work of external source type sensor synergism, has reduced the sensor assembly power consumption of node, but real-times such as adaptive state monitoring require height, need the application scenario of transducer continuous firing.Even if the external source type integrated sensor spare of the low-power consumption that existing wireless sensor node adopts, its operating current is minimum also more than 0.3mA under the identical performance, generally belongs to the mA level, and its supply power voltage is 3.3V, and its power consumption that hence one can see that is between 1～10mW.If conventional node is applied in the occasion that needs the transducer continuous firing, improve 10 times when its operating time, for example bring up to 10s by 1s, then sensor assembly energy consumption (by 1mW) increases to 10mJ by 1mJ.Supply power voltage of the present invention is 3V, uses from source type transducer detection of a target signal, if the driftlessness incident occurs, then external source type transducer keeps resting state, has only the comparison circuit power consumption (power＜20 μ W) from source type transducer, its 10s energy consumption＜200 μ J; If object event takes place, then start external source type transducer to obtain high precision measuring data, if the external source type sensor dormancy time identical with the operating time (50% duty ratio), then the sensor assembly energy consumption in the 10s only increases to 4.7mJ (4.5+0.2=4.7), less than half of conventional node sensor assembly energy consumption (10mJ).Because object event belongs to low probability event, the situation that need carry out high-acruracy survey seldom, therefore, as if being 1% in the incident probability of happening, then the energy consumption of sensor assembly of the present invention (average power consumption) can be hanged down 1/41 (the 0.45x0.01+0.02x1 ≈ 1/41) that reaches conventional node.
2, the present invention adopts the low-power consumption module switch, is used for the supply power mode of switching node power supply, has improved the power supply efficiency, can obtain longer useful life.The most working voltage adjuster of conventional node provides burning voltage with fixed form for other modules, but the efficiency of voltage adjuster changes with load variations, and the average efficiency of general voltage adjuster scarcely surpasses 75% under the little load current; It is main power source that the present invention adopts lithium battery, solar cell is auxilliary power supply, select the voltage adjuster that can keep high energy efficiency (more than 85%) under the little load for use, voltage according to node load and solar cell is dynamically selected voltage adjustment or direct feeding system, make the average efficiency of power module be higher than 85%, simultaneously, in the solar energy abundance, battery is realized energy supply, thereby make node obtain the more long-life.
3. for communication module, wireless communication devices is monitor channel periodically, if there are not the data of reception, then microprocessor makes wireless communication devices change the low-power consumption park mode over to by I/O mouth output sleep command; If have data to send, then when transmission finishes, change park mode over to; For further energy-conservation, can use the low-power consumption analog switch, the I/O mouth output low level by microprocessor makes the low-power consumption analog switch close the power channel of wireless communication devices, and wireless communication devices is in the off-position.Also can significantly reduce the power consumption of wireless sensor network node for this design of communication module.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the power consumption wireless sensor network node device structured flowchart of the sustainable monitoring vibration of the present invention.
Fig. 2 amplifies modulate circuit figure for node apparatus embodiment of the present invention from source type transducer.
Fig. 3 is node apparatus embodiment motherboard circuit figure of the present invention
Fig. 4 is that node is from source type piezoelectric vibration device and rectifier circuit bridge figure.
Fig. 5 is node external source type acceleration sensor circuit figure.
Fig. 6 is node wireless module control schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the node power module circuit diagram.
Fig. 8 is the overall construction drawing of the power consumption wireless sensor network node device of sustainable monitoring vibration.
Embodiment
Below with reference to figure and specific implementation process the present invention is described in further details.
Embodiment 1:
The power consumption wireless sensor network node device structured flowchart of sustainable monitoring vibration as shown in Figure 1, it comprises microprocessor, sensor assembly, communication module and power module, microprocessor is the core of node, and other modules link to each other with microprocessor and controlled by microprocessor.
Apparatus of the present invention embodiment as shown in Figure 2 amplifies modulate circuit figure from source type transducer.Amplify modulate circuit from source type piezoelectric vibration sensors MiniSense 100 (is example with the vertical direction) and comprise rectifier bridge, low power consumption comparator TLV3492 and low-power consumption integrated transporting discharging TLV2402.The voltage output of piezoelectric vibration device is earlier through the rectifier bridge rectification, link to each other with the input of low power consumption comparator U13C, the positive input terminal of low-power consumption integrated operatinoal amplifier U7C again, the output of low-power consumption integrated operatinoal amplifier links to each other with the A/D converter interface of microprocessor U9C, realizes the sampling to the piezoelectric vibration device output voltage; Another input of low power consumption comparator receives the reference voltage of microprocessor control, this controlled reference voltage circuit comprises low-power consumption reference voltage source chip U10C and digital regulation resistance U14C, by microprocessor 27, the output voltage values of 28I/O pin control reference voltage circuit.When the vibration signal of superthreshold occurs, the output of low power consumption comparator " 1 " and " 7 " pin connect the middle fracture " 17 " of microprocessor respectively, " 19 " pin, wake microprocessor up by interrupt mode, then, microprocessor is given with the operational amplifier in the type piezoelectric vibration sensors of source by the 2nd passage of low-power consumption analog switch U5C and is powered, thereby to sampling from the output of source type piezoelectric transducer, if sampled result shows that this signal oscillation intensity is really greater than threshold value, promptly the echo signal of setting occurs, the 1st passage of gating low-power consumption analog switch U5C then has the high accuracy and the external source type acceleration transducer of measurement performance fast thereby start.
Output by comparator wakes the microprocessor that is in dormancy up and makes and the operational amplifier (i.e. first operational amplifier) in the type piezoelectric vibration sensors of source joins by analog switch and power output end, be to trigger for fear of misoperation to interrupt on the one hand, whether microprocessor is exactly to check to have misoperation to take place to one of the purpose of sampling from the output of source type piezoelectric transducer further, be for energy-conservation on the other hand, promptly first operational amplifier is not powered usually, be the startup of just powering when needs adopt, this just can cut down the consumption of energy significantly.
The power consumption wireless sensor network node device embodiment motherboard circuit figure of the sustainable monitoring vibration of the present invention as shown in Figure 3.Microprocessor uses MSP430F1611, and power supply voltage range is 1.8～3.6V, and inner function module can work independently, and its power consumption is 330uA under the activity pattern of 2.2V voltage, 1MHz clock frequency, possesses multistage power consumption mode simultaneously.The 3V voltage input J2C of mainboard links to each other with the 3V voltage output J16C of power module.Wireless communication devices, JTAG programmable device link to each other with microprocessor with jtag interface J7C by wireless communication interface J5C respectively.Piezoelectric signal interface J9C, acceleration signal interface J3C are used for sampling, the power supply control of microprocessor to sensor signal, power supply adjustment, switching to power module then realize by processor die block power supply control mouthful J12C, the I/O mouth that J10C and J11C reserve for this device is so that expansion.By the above interface, processor has been realized signals collecting, the power supply control to each module.
As shown in Figure 4 the example node from source type piezoelectric vibration device and rectifier circuit bridge figure, use piezoelectric vibration device MiniSense 100 to survey the vibration signal of certain direction, voltage sensibility is 1V/g.Piezoelectric transducer interface J8C links to each other with node mainboard piezoelectric signal interface J9C, is used for output voltage is delivered to low power consumption comparator U13C on the mainboard.This circuit is mounted on diverse location and the direction according to the actual requirements, can realizes the multi-dimensional vibration detection.Such as, need to survey the vibration signal of vertical direction and horizontal direction in the actual demand, promptly two-dimension vibration is surveyed, and then can use two this kind circuit, is placed in vertical direction and horizontal direction respectively.In like manner, if need three-dimensional or the vibration detecting of multidimensional more, only needing will three or more these circuit be installed on respectively needs the position and the direction of detection to get final product.
The external source type vibrating sensor circuit diagram of example node apparatus as shown in Figure 5, acceleration transducer interface J1C links to each other with node mainboard acceleration signal interface J3C.In this example, multi-axis accelerometer is high-performance twin-axis accelerometer ADXL202E, operating voltage is 3～5.25V, operating current is 0.6mA, measuring range is ± 2g, and sensitivity is 167mV/g, the big but certainty of measurement height of power consumption, bandwidth, its output connects the RC filter circuit, gives acceleration transducer interface J1C again after low-power consumption amplifier " U2C " amplifies.Microprocessor is put high level with " P1.3 " I/O mouth, thereby gating the 1st passage of low-power consumption analog switch U5C, the 2nd pin that is U5C has been connected the 3V power supply that offers acceleration transducer, has started acceleration transducer thus so that obtain high precision measuring data; Otherwise, if microprocessor is put low level with the I/O mouth of P1.3 correspondence, then cut off the 3V power supply of acceleration transducer, closed this transducer.
The wireless module of example node is controlled schematic diagram as shown in Figure 6, and microprocessor MSP430F1611 is connected by three buses with wireless communication devices, is respectively power control line, data wire and control line.Wireless communication devices is monitor channel periodically, if there are not the data of reception, then microprocessor is exported sleep command by control line, makes wireless communication devices change the sleep mode of low-power consumption over to; If have data to send, then when transmission finishes, change sleep mode over to; For further energy-conservation, can use power control line, export the gating passage that a low level can disconnect low-power consumption analog switch (1/2 ADG821), wireless communication devices (CC2520) is in the off-position.
The power module circuitry figure of example node as shown in Figure 7, power supply regulator circuit is selected lifting/voltage reducing pressurizer TPS63030 for use, input voltage range 1.8V～5.5V, output current can reach 500mA when input voltage was 3V, under energy saver mode, when output current was reduced to about 1mA, efficiency still can remain on more than 85%.Solar cell interface J13C, super capacitor interface J14C and the chargeable lithium cell interface J15C of wide input voltage range connect solar cell, super capacitor and charged lithium cells respectively.3V voltage output J16C, power module control mouthful J17C meet 3V voltage input J2C, the processor die block power supply control mouthful J12C of microprocessor respectively.When node apparatus has just powered on, the output voltage of lithium battery directly send microprocessor to start microprocessor after diode and resistance step-down (being lower than 3V), subsequently, microprocessor is that 1.5 ADG821 realize power supply managements by control low-power consumption analog switch U17C, can select in solar cell for supplying power, lithium battery power supply and direct output and between by supply power modes such as pressurizer adjustment voltage stabilizing outputs, realization is to the control of node power power supply, so that improve the efficiency of power supply to greatest extent, thereby increase the service life.The supply power mode selection strategy is as follows:
When 1, solar array voltage was greater than 3V, microprocessor 31 pin were put high level, directly use solar cell as power supply; Solar array voltage is lower than 3V but still when being higher than the input voltage lower limit of adjusting pressurizer TPS63030, microprocessor 30 pin, 32 pin are put high level, make the voltage output of solar cell be adjusted into stable 3V power supply, as the power supply of node through adjusting pressurizer TPS63030; If solar array voltage is lower than the input voltage lower limit of pressurizer, then do not use solar cell.
2, under the prerequisite of not using solar cell, when lithium battery voltage is higher than 3.3V (the tube voltage drop 0.3V of 3V+ diode), or be lower than 3V but still when being higher than the input voltage lower limit of adjusting pressurizer TPS63030, microprocessor " 32 " pin is put high level, start to adjust pressurizer TPS63030, with the output of pressurizer as the node power supply; When lithium battery forces down in 3.3V and is not less than 3V, directly use lithium battery as power supply; If lithium battery forces down in the input voltage lower limit of adjusting pressurizer TPS63030, show that then the electric energy of node all exhausts.
Owing to need to judge the voltage of solar cell and lithium battery, therefore the interlock circuit of measuring solar cell and lithium battery voltage must be arranged, and the signal of measuring be sent into microprocessor handle, this part circuit is existing mature technology.
Claims (4)
1. the power consumption wireless sensor network node device of a sustainable monitoring vibration comprises microprocessor, power module, communication module and sensor assembly, and described power module, communication module and sensor assembly all are connected with microprocessor; It is characterized in that:
The structure of described power module is: the output of solar cell and lithium battery joins with 2 inputs of first analog switch that is controlled by microprocessor respectively, and the output of described first analog switch is through adjusting the power interface that pressurizer connects microprocessor; The positive pole of the output terminating diode of lithium battery, the negative pole of diode connects the output of power module;
The structure of described sensor assembly is: the signal output part from source type vibrating sensor joins through the signal input part of first operational amplifier and microprocessor, connect an input of comparator from the signal output part of source type vibrating sensor, another input termination of comparator can be set the output of the reference voltage resistance bleeder circuit of compare threshold, the middle fracture of the output termination microprocessor of comparator by digital potentiometer;
The signal output part of external source type acceleration transducer joins through another signal input part of second operational amplifier and microprocessor; A switch passage of second analog switch of the power end of external source type acceleration transducer through being controlled by microprocessor is connected to the output port of power module; Another switch passage of second analog switch of the power end of first operational amplifier through being controlled by microprocessor is connected to the output port of power module.
2. the power consumption wireless sensor network node device of sustainable monitoring vibration according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the structure of described communication module is: wireless communication devices is connected to the output port of power module by the 3rd analog switch that is controlled by microprocessor, and wireless communication devices and microprocessor join.
3. the power consumption wireless sensor network node device of sustainable monitoring vibration according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, solar cell is in parallel with ultracapacitor.
4. the power consumption wireless sensor network node device of sustainable monitoring vibration according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the model of microprocessor is MSP430F1611, adjusting the pressurizer model is TPS63030, adopt piezoelectric vibration device MiniSense 100 from source type vibrating sensor, the model of external source type acceleration transducer is ADXL202E, the model of first analog switch is ADG821, the model of second analog switch is ADG821, the model of the 3rd analog switch is ADG821, first operational amplifier and second operational amplifier all adopt the TLV2402 chip, comparator adopts the TLV3492 chip, reference voltage source adopts the ref1112 chip, wireless communication devices adopts the CC2520 chip, and the output voltage of the output port of power module is 3V.
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