CN101893475A - Optical fiber delay line-based distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system - Google Patents
Optical fiber delay line-based distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber delay line-based distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system, which comprises a light emitting unit, an optical fiber ring element which is connected with the light emitting unit and a sensing optical fiber, a beam splitter which is connected with the optical fiber ring element and used for splitting a backscattering light beam into a first backscattering light beam and a second backscattering light beam and outputting the backscattering light beams respectively, an optical fiber delay line which is connected with one output end of the beam splitter and used for delaying the second backscattering light beam, a light combiner which is connected with the optical fiber delay line and the other output end of the beam splitter and used for combining the first backscattering light beam and the delayed second backscattering light beam, an APD light receiving module which is connected with the light combiner, an AD collector connected with the light receiving module, and a light analysis and display system which is used for analyzing the electrical signal collected by the AD collector to obtain the vibration position of the sensing optical fiber. The system has the advantages of high positioning precision and high interference measurement technique sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of optical fiber sensing, particularly a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line.
Background technology
The notion of Fibre Optical Sensor is not new, first patent just occurred as far back as the mid-1960s, and it comprises adopts Fotonic mechanical displacement sensor that passes light beam and the ultrasonic sensor that adopts phase modulation (PM).But, in more wide field, i.e. optical fiber sensing technology, obtaining series of studies but is after 10 years, optical fiber technology has just broken through the sort of state that fluctuates from that time, has entered the epoch at a tremendous pace.
The ultimate principle of Fibre Optical Sensor is: the light that is sent by light source enters modulator zone through optical fiber, under the effect of measurand, variation has taken place in optical properties such as light intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase place, polarization state, make the signal that it becomes modulated, send into photo-detector and electric signal process unit through optical fiber again, finally obtain the information of object to be measured.
At present, the distributing optical fiber sensing technology is in the light field of sensing technologies application prospect to be arranged most, wherein with the distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of fiber delay line by one-shot measurement, both can obtain disturbance is invaded by optical fiber institute through the zone complete information.Yet the search coverage of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of band fiber delay line is very big, the longer the better to measure optical cable, generally greater than 50Km, defence area spatial resolution 10m, so light-receiving dynamic range of system very wide (greater than 50dB), real-time processing data is very huge, and is high to the Photoelectric Signal Processing system requirements, so the manufacturer of the present domestic distributed optical fiber vibration sensor that can make stable performance seldom.Owing to above reason, our company as domestic the earliest, the sensory field of optic fibre collection research and development of specialty, be applied as the high-tech company of one, after recognizing national security and national defense construction active demand to new and high technology, study and digest and assimilate domestic and international state-of-the-art technology, develop the distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of a cover band fiber delay line, filled up domestic blank.
Summary of the invention
Technical scheme to be solved of the present invention provides a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line, to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.
For solving technique scheme, the invention provides a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line, comprising: Optical Transmit Unit, be used to launch burst pulse light; Optical fiber circulator, the described Optical Transmit Unit of connection and sensor fibre are used for described burst pulse light is imported described sensor fibre and is received in the back-scattering light that described sensor fibre inscattering is returned; Beam splitter, connect described optical fiber circulator, be used for described back-scattering light is divided into first back-scattering light and second back-scattering light, and output respectively; An output terminal of fiber delay line, the described beam splitter of connection is used for described second back-scattering light time-delay; Optical multiplexer, connect another output terminal of described fiber delay line and described beam splitter, be used for the photosynthetic ripple of second backscattering after described first back-scattering light and the described time-delay, form and interfere scattered light signal; The APD Optical Receivers, connect described optical multiplexer, be used for described interference scattered light signal being converted to electric signal and amplifying; The AD collector, connect described Optical Receivers, be used to gather described electric signal, and carry out analog to digital conversion and data pre-service; Treatment Analysis and display system, be used to analyze the electric signal after the AD collector is gathered, obtain the vibration position of described sensor fibre.
As one of preferred version of the present invention, described Optical Transmit Unit comprises the narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser that is used to export the narrow linewidth continuous light, connect described narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser and with described narrow linewidth continuous light be modulated into burst pulse light electrooptic modulator, connect described electrooptic modulator and for described electrooptic modulator provide PD back bias control signal and RF drive pulse signal RF burst pulse biasing driver module, and connect described electrooptic modulator and amplify the image intensifer EDFA of described burst pulse light.
As one of preferred version of the present invention, described RF burst pulse biasing driver module has synchronous signal output end, and connect described AD collector by described synchronous signal output end, with to described AD collector output synchronizing signal, control its collection to described electric signal.
As one of preferred version of the present invention, described image intensifer EDFA gain for 30dB or more than.
As one of preferred version of the present invention, delay time T=(the l-L)/C of described fiber delay line, wherein, l is the length summation that connects described beam splitter and the optical fiber of described fiber delay line, described fiber delay line, reaches the optical fiber that connects described fiber delay line and described optical multiplexer, L is the length of the optical fiber of described beam splitter of connection and described optical multiplexer, and C is the velocity of propagation of light in optical fiber.
As one of preferred version of the present invention, described APD Optical Receivers comprises photodetector, reaches the preamplifying circuit that connects described photodetector; Described photodetector connects the output terminal of described optical fiber wave multiplexer, is used for described interference scattered light signal is converted to electric signal, and described pre-amplifier is used for described electric signal is amplified.
As one of preferred version of the present invention, described distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line also comprises APD high pressure temperature control module, is used for providing permanent gain-controlled voltage to described APD Optical Receivers.
As one of preferred version of the present invention, also be connected with amplification matching circuit between described APD Optical Receivers and the described AD collector.
As one of preferred version of the present invention, described Treatment Analysis and display system comprise: connect described AD collector, and the data of described AD collector output are carried out further pretreated data assist disposal system; Connect described data and assist disposal system, and, obtain the monitoring analysis process system of the vibration position information of described sensor fibre by analyzing its output data; Connect described monitoring analysis process system, realize the host system of information sharing; Connect described monitoring analysis process system, show the display system of described vibration position information in real time; Connect described monitoring analysis process system, so that the vibration of described sensing optic cable is implemented the warning system of warning; Connect described monitoring analysis process system, in order to store the storage system of described vibration position information.
As one of preferred version of the present invention, described Treatment Analysis and display system also comprise the power-supply system that is used to provide power supply.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the measuring distance and the not high defective of defence area spatial resolution that the present invention is directed to most in the past optical fibre vibration sensor designs, method for designing based on the distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of the band fiber delay line of optical time domain reflection technology and interfere measurement technique has been proposed, the Rayleigh scattering effect that produces when this sensor construction transmits in optical fiber by utilizing light wave, adopt optical time domain reflection and interfere type measuring method, vibration event in the target area is measured, and system has the high and good characteristics of interfere type measuring technique sensitivity of ODTR technological orientation precision.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation based on the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system of fiber delay line.
Fig. 2 is the connection diagram of fiber delay line.
Embodiment
Describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
See also Fig. 1, the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line provided by the invention mainly comprises four parts: the Optical Transmit Unit that sends burst pulse light; Acquisition contains sensor fibre vibration signal and the part to closing ripple formation interference light after its beam splitting time-delay; The part that the interference light that contains the sensor fibre vibration signal that closes behind the ripple is amplified; And light signal is converted to electric signal, and the described electric signal of analyzing and processing is to obtain sensor fibre vibration position information processing analysis and display system.
Described smooth reflector element comprises narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser 11, electrooptic modulator 12, the image intensifer EDFA13 that connects in turn, the RF burst pulse biasing driver module 14 that reaches the described electrooptic modulator 12 of connection.
Described narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser 11 is a kind of LASER Light Source, is used to export the narrow linewidth continuous light.
Described electrooptic modulator 12 is a kind of high speed electro-optical converters, and electrooptic modulator 12 comprises that light input end, light output end, PD monitoring interface end backlight, bias voltage control input end and RF drive input end.Light input end connects narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser 11, and light output end connects image intensifer EDFA 13.Electrooptic modulator 12 is modulated into required burst pulse light output through the continuous light that RF burst pulse biasing driver module 14 drives input.
Described RF burst pulse biasing driver module comprises PD monitor input terminal backlight, bias voltage control output end and RF drive output, the bias voltage control output end of RF burst pulse biasing driver module 14 links to each other with the bias voltage control input end of electrooptic modulator 12, the RF drive output of RF burst pulse biasing driver module 14 drives input end with the RF of electrooptic modulator 12 and links to each other, and RF burst pulse biasing driver module 14 provides PD back bias control signal and RF drive pulse signal for electrooptic modulator 12.
Described image intensifer EDFA 13 is a kind of optical amplifier devices, gain 30dB.
Optical fiber circulator 22, beam splitter 23, fiber delay line 24 and optical multiplexer 25 constitute acquisition and contain sensor fibre vibration signal and the part to closing ripple formation interference light after its beam splitting time-delay.
The light incident side of the light output end input optical fibre circulator 22 of image intensifer EDFA 13, optical fiber circulator 22 feedback end link to each other with sensor fibre 21, and back in the sensor fibre 21 linked to each other with beam splitter 23 input ends to the light output end of Rayleigh scattering light through optical fiber circulator 22; Rayleigh scattering light must carry first back-scattering light (also can be described as first Rayleigh scattering light) and second back-scattering light (also can be described as second Rayleigh scattering light) of vibration signal again after beam splitter 23 separates, the second Rayleigh scattering light input optical fibre delay line 24 is delayed time, the output of fiber delay line 24 and first Rayleigh scattering light input optical multiplexer 25 are synthetic, and form the interference scattered light in optical multiplexer 25.
See also Fig. 2, delay time T=(the l-L)/C of fiber delay line, wherein, l is the length summation that connects described beam splitter and the optical fiber of described fiber delay line, described fiber delay line, reaches the optical fiber that connects described fiber delay line and described optical multiplexer, L is the length of the optical fiber of described beam splitter of connection and described optical multiplexer, and C is the velocity of propagation of light in optical fiber.Wherein, fiber delay line X is the long optical fiber of a segment length.
Please continue to consult Fig. 1, APD high pressure temperature control module 33, APD Optical Receivers 34 and amplification matching circuit formation will be closed the part that the interference light that contains the sensor fibre vibration signal behind the ripple amplifies.
The interference scattered light signal that is synthesized from optical multiplexer 25 enters APD Optical Receivers 34, will interfere scattered light signal to be converted to electric signal and carries out prime and amplify, thereby finish the photodetection work of signal; APD high pressure temperature control module 35 links to each other with described APD Optical Receivers 34, in order to the permanent gain-controlled voltage that provides to APD Optical Receivers 33; Amplification matching circuit 35 connects the output terminal of APD Optical Receivers 34, so that amplify the electric signal of its output, and makes it to mate with subsequent conditioning circuit.
Described Treatment Analysis and display system comprise AD capture card 44, data association disposal system 45, monitoring analysis process system 46, power-supply system 47, host system 48, display system, acoustical signal warning system, reach storage system.
AD capture card 44, connect APD Optical Receivers 33, the chief component of AD capture card 44 comprises AD prime amplifier, AD converter and FPGA, in order to the output signal of described APD Optical Receivers 33 is carried out analog to digital conversion, and to finish with FPGA be the function such as high-speed data acquisition, Signal Pretreatment of core.
Its key technical indexes:
Every channel sample speed: 100MHz
Figure place: 16
Function: digital accumulation function, filter function, take out a function, operation processing function.
And AD capture card 44 also connects the synchronous output end 7 of RF burst pulse driving circuit 14, begins to gather under the control of the synchronizing signal of its output.Described synchronizing signal is the electric impulse signal of exporting synchronously with the light pulse of RF burst pulse biasing driver module 14 outputs, and trigger mode can be divided into External synchronization mode.Because the length of sensor fibre 21 is very long, therefore be divided into a plurality of defence areas, and, in order to reduce The noise, needing respectively each defence area to be gathered to obtain average waveform after multi-group data adds up, data volume is huge.Therefore, merged the FPGA processor in the AD capture card, the FPGA processing speed is fast, lot of data can be carried out preliminary batch treatment, so that follow-up system is further handled.
Data association disposal system 45 is connected with AD capture card 44, carries out further data pre-service, so that follow-up system is further handled.Specifically, data association disposal system 45 is mainly carried out the FFT conversion to the pretreated data of FPGA, and time-domain information originally is converted to frequency domain information, is convenient to subsequent analysis and handles.
Monitoring analysis process system 46 links to each other with described high-speed AD acquisition card 44, assists the pre-service result of disposal system 45 to carry out signal Processing, analytical calculation in order to data, obtains the vibration position information of corresponding point.
Host system 48 is connected with monitoring analysis process system 46, realizes information sharing;
Display system connects described monitoring analysis process system, shows described vibration position information in real time;
Warning system connects described monitoring analysis process system, so that the vibration of described sensing optic cable is implemented to report to the police;
Storage system connects described monitoring analysis process system, in order to store described vibration position information.
Power-supply system 47 is used for other module for power supply to described Treatment Analysis and display system.
In sum, the present invention is according to the rear orientation light principle, output by narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser 11 inserts electrooptic modulator 12 inputs, electrooptic modulator 12 is driven output burst pulse light by RF burst pulse driver module 14, electrooptic modulator 12 outputs insert image intensifer EDFA13 input, and image intensifer EDFA13 exports required high-power narrow pulsed light, and high-power narrow pulsed light is injected in the sensor fibre 21 through optical fiber circulator, in sensor fibre 21, will produce rear orientation light, comprise Rayleigh scattering light.Rayleigh scattering light must carry first Rayleigh scattering light and second Rayleigh scattering light of vibration signal again after beam splitter 23 separates, the second Rayleigh scattering light input optical fibre delay line 24 is delayed time, the output of fiber delay line 24 and first Rayleigh scattering light input optical multiplexer 25 are synthetic, the APD that the Rayleigh scattering light that is synthesized from optical multiplexer 25 enters APD Optical Receivers 34 again carries out opto-electronic conversion, amplify through prime again, thereby finish the photodetection work of signal; This moment, signal converted electric signal to by light signal, enter 35 pairs of electric signal of amplification matching circuit more respectively and carry out back level amplification, then carry out analog to digital conversion by high-speed synchronous signal picker 44 respectively, thereby obtain digital signal, carry out Signal Pretreatment by 45 pairs of digital signals of data association's disposal system again, analytical calculation, data pre-service communication as a result outputs to corresponding monitoring analysis process system 46, just the analysis of final monitoring analysis process system 46 obtains the invasion vibration information in whole defence area, and the analysis data result input host system 48 of monitoring analysis process system 46 is carried out interlink warning.Therefore, send high-power narrow linewidth light pulse after, to afterwards carrying out multi-point sampling at a high speed to the Rayleigh scattering light signal through synthetic behind the delay line, just can obtain along fiber axis to the oscillator field distribution, realize distributed vibration survey.
Optical system of the present invention and modulating frequency: light source center wavelength 1550nm, live width is less than 500KHz, sensor fibre 21 length 50km, light pulse repetition rate 1k, light impulse length 100ns, dual channel high speed AD capture card sampling rate 100MHz, 16 of AD sampling precisions.The maximum measuring distance of system reaches 50Km, and it is 10m that the optical fiber straight line lays spatial resolution.Temperature signal is handled at top layer, can carry out the test and the setting of alarm threshold value at the scene by desktop.
The described system of present embodiment adopts the backscatter sounding method, produces very narrow light pulse, i.e. probe pulse launched by electrooptic modulator 12.The width of probe pulse launched has been determined the spatial resolution of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of band fiber delay line, photo-detector is the contribution summation of the back scattering luminous energy of the one section optical fiber corresponding with light impulse length in the luminous energy that detects sometime, has therefore just determined a spatial resolution by light impulse length.Because light impulse length of the present invention is narrow, so the resolution height.
The present invention is directed to the measuring distance and the not high defective of defence area spatial resolution of most in the past optical fibre vibration sensor designs, method for designing based on the distributed optical fiber vibration sensor of the band fiber delay line of optical time domain reflection technology and interfere measurement technique has been proposed, the Rayleigh scattering effect that produces when this sensor construction transmits in optical fiber by utilizing light wave, adopt optical time domain reflection and interfere type measuring method, the variation of time phase by analyzing interference light, vibration event in the target area is measured, and system has the high and good characteristics of interfere type measuring technique sensitivity of ODTR technological orientation precision.
Above embodiment is the unrestricted technical scheme of the present invention in order to explanation only.Any modification or partial replacement that does not break away from spirit and scope of the invention all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line is characterized in that, comprising:
Optical Transmit Unit, be used to launch burst pulse light;
Optical fiber circulator, the described Optical Transmit Unit of connection and sensor fibre are used for described burst pulse light is imported described sensor fibre and is received in the back-scattering light that described sensor fibre inscattering is returned;
Beam splitter, connect described optical fiber circulator, be used for described back-scattering light is divided into first back-scattering light and second back-scattering light, and output respectively;
An output terminal of fiber delay line, the described beam splitter of connection is used for described second back-scattering light time-delay;
Optical multiplexer, connect another output terminal of described fiber delay line and described beam splitter, be used for the photosynthetic ripple of second backscattering after described first back-scattering light and the described time-delay, form and interfere scattered light signal;
The APD Optical Receivers, connect described optical multiplexer, be used for described interference scattered light signal being converted to electric signal and amplifying;
The AD collector, connect described Optical Receivers, be used to gather described electric signal, and carry out analog to digital conversion and data pre-service;
Treatment Analysis and display system, be used to analyze the electric signal after the AD collector is gathered, obtain the vibration position of described sensor fibre.
2. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described Optical Transmit Unit comprises the narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser that is used to export the narrow linewidth continuous light, connect described narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser and described narrow linewidth continuous light is modulated into the electrooptic modulator of burst pulse light, connect described electrooptic modulator and the RF burst pulse biasing driver module of PD back bias control signal and RF drive pulse signal is provided for described electrooptic modulator, reach the image intensifer EDFA that connects described electrooptic modulator and amplify described burst pulse light.
3. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described RF burst pulse biasing driver module has synchronous signal output end, and connect described AD collector by described synchronous signal output end, with to described AD collector output synchronizing signal, control its collection to described electric signal.
4. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described image intensifer EDFA gain for 30dB or more than.
5. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: delay time T=(the l-L)/C of described fiber delay line, wherein, l is the length summation that connects described beam splitter and the optical fiber of described fiber delay line, described fiber delay line, reaches the optical fiber that connects described fiber delay line and described optical multiplexer, L is the length of the optical fiber of described beam splitter of connection and described optical multiplexer, and C is the velocity of propagation of light in optical fiber.
6. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described APD Optical Receivers comprises photodetector, reaches the preamplifying circuit that connects described photodetector; Described photodetector connects the output terminal of described optical fiber wave multiplexer, is used for described interference scattered light signal is converted to electric signal, and described pre-amplifier is used for described electric signal is amplified.
7. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise APD high pressure temperature control module, be used for providing permanent gain-controlled voltage to described APD Optical Receivers.
8. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also be connected with amplification matching circuit between described APD Optical Receivers and the described AD collector.
9. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Treatment Analysis and display system comprise: connect described AD collector, and the data of described AD collector output are carried out further pretreated data assist disposal system; Connect described data and assist disposal system, and, obtain the monitoring analysis process system of the vibration position information of described sensor fibre by analyzing its output data; Connect described monitoring analysis process system, realize the host system of information sharing; Connect described monitoring analysis process system, show the display system of described vibration position information in real time; Connect described monitoring analysis process system, so that the vibration of described sensing optic cable is implemented the warning system of warning; Connect described monitoring analysis process system, in order to store the storage system of described vibration position information.
10. the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on fiber delay line as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described Treatment Analysis and display system also comprise the power-supply system that is used to provide power supply.
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| CN103630229A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-03-12 | 东南大学 | Differential coherent time-domain scattering type distributed optical fiber vibration sensing method and system |
| CN106969824A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-07-21 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | It is a kind of that vibration detecting device and demodulating algorithm are waved based on distribution type fiber-optic |
| CN107167228A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-09-15 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Distribution type fiber-optic vibration measuring system and method based on outdoor small span OPPC optical cables |
| CN107218995A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-09-29 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber vibration measuring system and method based on real model experiment circuit OPGW optical cables |
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| CN109916837A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-21 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Sampling time delay distributed multi-point laser methane detection system and method |
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| CN103630229A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-03-12 | 东南大学 | Differential coherent time-domain scattering type distributed optical fiber vibration sensing method and system |
| CN106969824A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-07-21 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | It is a kind of that vibration detecting device and demodulating algorithm are waved based on distribution type fiber-optic |
| CN107167228A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-09-15 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Distribution type fiber-optic vibration measuring system and method based on outdoor small span OPPC optical cables |
| CN107218995A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-09-29 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber vibration measuring system and method based on real model experiment circuit OPGW optical cables |
| CN107727227A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-23 | 南京大学 | Ultra-high-tension power transmission line icing based on Φ OTDR waves monitoring method |
| CN107727227B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2019-05-21 | 南京大学 | Ultra-high-tension power transmission line icing based on Φ-OTDR waves monitoring method |
| CN108051071A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-18 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Distribution type fiber-optic vibration detecting device based on indoor OPGW |
| CN108132094B (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2023-12-26 | 浙江杰昆科技有限公司 | Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device and method based on pulsed light |
| CN108132094A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-06-08 | 浙江杰昆科技有限公司 | A kind of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing device and method based on pulsed light |
| CN109916837A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-21 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Sampling time delay distributed multi-point laser methane detection system and method |
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