Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of simple and reasonable, link of utilizing of adding solar energy on the basis of existing air-conditioner, make solar energy provide clean energy resource for the air-conditioner of common family expenses or other purposes, and the control device of the solar air conditioner that cost is low, efficient is high, easy to utilize and control method thereof, to overcome weak point of the prior art.
Press the control device of a kind of solar air conditioner of this purpose design, comprise by controlling device, outdoor power circuit and indoor and outdoor order circuit outside air conditioner chamber's inner controller, the air conditioner chamber and forming, air conditioner chamber's inner controller and outdoor control device comprise air-conditioning control functional unit, and its architectural feature is that air conditioner controlling device also comprises public storage capacitor C1 and solar energy DC-DC boost isolated variable device, solar cell; Outdoor power circuit comprises power switch, EMC circuit, the outdoor DC high-voltage power supply that is connected with city's point electrical network successively; The boost high-voltage DC power supply input of the high-voltage DC power supply input of output, Indoor Control Device of isolated variable device and outdoor control device of the output of outdoor DC high-voltage power supply, solar energy DC-DC is all directly in parallel with storage capacitor C1; Air conditioner chamber's inner controller is not connected with utility grid, does not have rectification circuit, and its high voltage source is taken from outdoor storage capacitor C1; Control the high voltage source of device outside the air conditioner chamber and also directly take from outdoor storage capacitor C1; Outdoor solar cell and the solar energy DC-DC isolated variable device sequence that boosts is connected, and solar energy DC-DC boosts to control between the device outside isolated variable device and the air conditioner chamber and is connected by an order circuit.Because the power supply of general domestic air conditioner is all provided by indoor set, indoor set has the electric main power supply, and the handlebar alternating current is transformed to galvanic rectification circuit; Because solar cell generally all is installed in outdoorly, it is the thing that follows a well mapped-out plan that the DC-DC converter unit is placed on outdoor, so the present invention just provides and provide DC high-voltage power supply to indoor power supply by outdoor on scheme.
Described solar cell and solar energy DC-DC boost and also are connected with a line switching between the isolated variable device, in order to realize controlling manually the access of solar energy, the convenient use.
Described solar energy DC-DC boost the isolated variable device by communication interface unit, high voltage source high pressure isolate sampling unit, heterogeneous phase shift is isolated DC-DC converting means, current detecting unit, voltage detection unit and solar energy conversion control main control MCU (hereinafter to be referred as main control MCU) and is formed; Voltage detection unit detects the voltage of solar cell in real time, and output links to each other with main control MCU, provides the information of voltage of solar cell to main control MCU, carries out DC-DC conversion usefulness for main control MCU, and this parameter is one of major parameter of DC-DC conversion participation transform operation; Current detecting unit is series at solar cell and heterogeneous phase shift is isolated between the DC-DC converting means, and link to each other with main control MCU, total current in order to each phase of detecting converting means, also can use the scheme of the branch electric current that detects each phase, its control method is the same, more accurate during just to minute Current Control to the control meeting of each phase, when using total current to control, because the electric current handling capacity on each road is pre-set as required when conceptual design, they become the fixed proportion relation with total current, detect total current and can calculate the branch electric current on each road, detect and just obtain total current after the branch electric current gathers; High-voltage power voltage is isolated the voltage of DC high-voltage power supply outside the sampling unit sensing chamber, output links to each other with main control MCU, the order circuit of controlling device outside communication interface unit and the air conditioner chamber links to each other, and be connected with main control MCU, in order to carry out with air conditioner chamber outside control device and carry out communication, heterogeneous phase shift is isolated the DC-DC converting means and is linked to each other with main control MCU.
Described current detecting unit is series at solar cell and heterogeneous phase shift is isolated between the DC-DC converting means, and links to each other with solar energy conversion control main control MCU, can also detect the branch electric current of each phase of converting means.
Described heterogeneous phase shift is isolated the DC-DC converting means and is made of 1~8 tunnel isolation DC-DC basic transformation device parallel connection; Every road isolates DC-DC basic transformation device by the control of solar energy conversion control main control MCU, and its output is directly in parallel.It is the resource restriction that is subjected to MCU that heterogeneous phase shift isolation DC-DC converting means mostly is 8 the tunnel most, and reality can arrive unlimited multichannel in theory, and way does not have actual use value too much yet.
Described isolation DC-DC basic transformation device detects Alarm Unit by PWM driver element, flyback isolation boosting converter unit and overcurrent protection and is linked in sequence and forms, and the output that the input of PWM driver element and overcurrent protection detect Alarm Unit is controlled main control MCU with the solar energy conversion respectively and is connected.Isolating DC-DC basic transformation device controlled by the pwm signal of solar energy conversion control main control MCU generation.What flyback isolated variable unit used is known technology: the flyback switched mode power supply technology, utilize the elementary of a switch controlled switch transformer, primary inductance is designated as Lc, when switching tube is opened, make that the power Vcc of elementary and primary side of switch transformer is in parallel, realization short circuit charging, charging interval is designated as Tc, the Tc time is on-off switching tube later, at this moment the electric current that flows through in the primary inductance is Ic, then energy stored is in the transformer: Lc*Ic2/2, the primary switch pipe closes has no progeny transformer to secondary output energy, guaranteeing under the undersaturated prerequisite of magnetic core of transformer, secondary in theory voltage almost can reach arbitrary value, considers actual parasitic parameter, the maximum conditions of device, actual circuit environment that uses or the like, output voltage is to be set to a scope than broad, and can adjust by adjusting charging interval Tc value and primary inductance L value, secondary inductance is related with primary inductance and think that because of what the difference of the degree of coupling can be similar to its adjusting range is identical with L.
Described solar energy conversion control main control MCU comprises a communication unit, solar energy peak power output MPPT algorithm unit, peak point current algorithm unit, heterogeneous phase shift algorithm unit, timer multicircuit time unit, output voltage control module, soft start control module and abnormal protection control module; The boost communication interface unit of isolated variable device of communication unit and solar energy DC-DC is connected.
The output packet that described heterogeneous phase shift is isolated DC-DC converting means (hereinafter to be referred as converting means) contains the diode component of unilateal conduction, makes that the high pressure in the outgoing position parallel connection can not damage converting means when converting means is not worked; The diode component that also includes unilateal conduction in the outdoor DC high-voltage power supply makes the high-tension electricity that converting means produces when civil power cuts off the power supply can not damage outdoor DC high-voltage power supply and front stage circuits device thereof.
A kind of control method of control device of solar air conditioner, it is characterized in that when carrying out information exchange by controlling device outside communication unit and the air conditioner chamber, receive the order that needs the solar inverter power supply, solar energy conversion control main control MCU is at first isolated sampling unit by high-voltage power voltage outdoor DC high-voltage power supply is carried out voltage sampling, detect concrete magnitude of voltage, be designated as Vdc, if voltage Vdc is lower than below the 200V, carry out soft start control, the concrete control method of soft start control is: with lower dutycycle output pwm signal, the output voltage that makes heterogeneous phase shift isolate the DC-DC converting means can match, lower the dash current when opening for the first time simultaneously, and then increase dutycycle one by one, outside the voltage conforms air conditioner chamber of output, control the bid value of device;
If civil power has been connected and has not then been enabled soft start function, the standard of judging is to detect the voltage Vdc of outdoor DC high-voltage power supply more than or equal to 200V, controlled by output control unit this moment, concrete grammar is: with Δ V is increment, Vdc+ Δ V is that target is carried out output voltage control, and maximum is no more than control target limit value Vdcmax; The dutycycle of calculating by this control algolithm is designated as δ 1;
The magnitude of voltage of the solar cell of voltage detection unit input, be designated as Vt, the primary electrical sensibility reciprocal of contained flyback isolating transformer is designated as L in the flyback isolation boosting converter unit, the carrier wave of setting PWM pulsewidth adjustment waveform is Fc, calculate ON time by δ 1 and be designated as T, the peak point current algorithm unit is obtained the maximum current that can reach according to formula: I=Vt*T/L, is designated as I1; Maximum ON time T is limited by following formula: T=L*I/Vt, the I in the formula be the maximum operating currenbt that allows of all flyback isolation boosting converter units with;
Solar energy peak power output MPPT algorithm unit, concrete control method is Vt1 for the voltage of setting detected solar cell last time, and detected this time voltage is Vt2, and both differences are designated as X, X=Vt1-Vt2; Last time, detected electric current was designated as It1, and detected this time electric current is designated as It2,, both are designated as Y at difference, Y=It1-It2, the variation of electric current recently realizes by the duty that changes pwm signal;
Make R=X/Y, R1=Vt2/It2, the default worst error that allows is: Δ Rmax, Δ Rmax are positive number, Δ R=R+R1, if the absolute value of Δ R: | Δ R|≤Δ Rmax then is judged as the power maximum that this moment, solar cell was exported; Further suppose two default worst error values that allow: Δ Rmax1, Δ Rmax2, Δ Rmax1>Δ Rmax2; Recently seek maximum power point (mpp) by the duty of regulating pwm signal, at first the amplitude of Tiao Jieing is big, judge, adjust according to Δ Rmax1, when satisfying: | enter the fine tuning stage during Δ R|≤Δ Rmax1, serve as to regulate target with Δ Rmax2 this moment, by the dutycycle of conversion pwm signal, makes and finally realize | Δ R|≤Δ Rmax2, realize the maximum capacity output of solar cell, note current value I t2 at this moment is I2; According to the size of I1 and I2, if I1 more than or equal to I2, then controls according to the peak power output mode of I2 and works, if I1 less than I2, then controls according to the control mode of I1;
Timer multicircuit time unit is according to carrying out man-to-man PWM timing controlled with the quantity of isolating DC-DC basic transformation device, in order to regulate the PWM dutycycle of each converting means, the phase controlling that heterogeneous phase shift algorithm unit of while carries out conducting, the initial edge time that makes each isolation DC-DC basic transformation device open under the identical situation of pwm signal carrier wave has nothing in common with each other and evenly distributes in the time interval in a PWM cycle, realizes heterogeneous phase shifting control.Phase shifting control has two kinds of control methods: after current opening turn-offed mutually, next was just open-minded mutually, enters the next PWM cycle after all are opened mutually, and the dutycycle of this kind control method relatively can be smaller; Current next just begins mutually open-mindedly during opening mutually, and the starting point in PWM cycle is also asynchronous, and the dutycycle of this control method relatively can be bigger.
Also comprise an abnormal protection control module in the described solar energy conversion control main control MCU, when the voltage that detects solar cell is lower than a certain predetermined value V01, solar energy conversion control main control MCU is turn-offed all outputs of isolating the DC-DC converting means, recovers output when being higher than V01 and adding a return difference surplus; When the overcurrent alarm appearred in wherein some isolation DC-DC converting means, solar energy conversion control main control MCU was just turn-offed this and is exported mutually, only used remainingly to work on mutually; Automatically recover after surpassing the designated time, this is exported mutually with regard to permanent shut-down if alarm the times N time back that reaches reservation continuously; When detecting that output voltage V dc reaches or turn-offing the output of all phases when being higher than alarm threshold value, alarm simultaneously.
When mains failure or when artificially disconnecting, under user's operating command, sunshine enough makes when the DC-DC converter can be worked, can independent startup solar powered, the high direct voltage of output is predetermined value Vdc0, if load is when too heavy, voltage follow descends, and simultaneously outdoor control device 2 reduces running loads until outdoor indoor control and fan operation stop solar energy DC-DC converter when the voltage of the high direct voltage of exporting is lower than 200V the work that only keeps out of service.
The demand of judging electric weight when solar energy conversion control main control MCU hour is turn-offed a certain phase or the heterogeneous isolation DC-DC basic transformation device of wherein working, and raises the efficiency to reduce the wastage.
The present invention utilizes inexhaustible green energy resource solar energy to drive the operation of air-conditioner, and solar energy is directly in parallel through the direct current of over commutation with civil power after the DC-DC conversion, for air-conditioner provides power supply.The Indoor Control Device of air-conditioner adopts dc source, in the middle of do not have rectification circuit, its dc source is directly taken from outdoor public storage capacitor C1, avoided the secondary inversion of solar energy, can be implemented in civil power in the controller simultaneously changes behind the direct current and solar-electricity in parallel behind isolation boosting, and can realize the maximum using of controlled solar energy, and when solar energy is not enough, utilize civil power to replenish simultaneously, do not reduce the air conditioning effect of air-conditioner.The control device of solar air conditioner, air conditioner chamber's inner controller and outdoor control device by known technology are formed, and on this basis, Indoor Control Device is from outdoor power taking, the power taking power supply is a DC high-voltage power supply, and Indoor Control Device does not have the rectification circuit of electric main; Outdoor control device also comprises a solar energy DC-DC in parallel with outdoor DC high-voltage power supply boost isolated variable device and a solar battery group, gives outdoor DC high-voltage power supply power supply in order to utilize solar energy.In addition, between outdoor control device and outdoor DC high-voltage power supply, added a switch, in order to control the power supply of device outside the control room, outdoor control device and solar energy DC-DC boost and also have a communication branch road between the isolated variable device, in order to carry out information exchange.This device can realize that solar energy DC-DC boosts behind isolated variable device and the commercial power rectification or rectification and safe and reliable in parallel through between the outdoor DC high-voltage power supply after the PFC, and the height of voltage is in the nominal range of use of air-conditioner and unrestricted.The control method of this control device has realized the control of the follow-up algorithm of the best fan-out capability of solar cell and kinds of protect function, output voltage following function, the power control function of outdoor control device.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described.
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, the control device of this solar air conditioner, comprise by controlling device 2, outdoor power circuit and indoor and outdoor order circuit outside air conditioner chamber's inner controller 1, the air conditioner chamber and forming, air conditioner chamber's inner controller and outdoor control device comprise air-conditioning control functional unit, and air conditioner controlling device also comprises public storage capacitor C1 and solar energy DC-DC boost isolated variable device 4, solar cell 7; Outdoor power circuit comprises power switch, EMC circuit, the outdoor DC high-voltage power supply 3 that is connected with city's point electrical network successively; The boost high-voltage DC power supply input of the high-voltage DC power supply input of output, Indoor Control Device of isolated variable device and outdoor control device of the output of outdoor DC high-voltage power supply, solar energy DC-DC is all directly in parallel with storage capacitor C1; Outdoor solar cell and the solar energy DC-DC isolated variable device sequence that boosts is connected, and solar energy DC-DC boosts to control between the device outside isolated variable device and the air conditioner chamber and is connected by order circuit.
The a complete set of controller of air-conditioner has been used the principle of common full DC variable frequency air conditioner controller, as shown in Figure 1, air conditioner chamber's inner controller 1 has comprised indoor main control MCU, has given low voltage control part powered switch power supply, the EMC circuit unit on the high-voltage DC power supply, display unit, dc fan, the communication unit with outdoor, temperature sensor, other functional unit or the like, but the rectification circuit that does not have commercial power interface and mains ac power supply, dc source are directly taken from outdoor public storage capacitor C1.Control outside the air conditioner chamber device 2 comprise outdoor main control MCU, outdoor switch power supply, with indoor communication and with compositions such as the communication unit of solar energy DC-DC isolated variable device 4 communications, outdoor dc fan, display unit, outdoor temperature sensor, VFC and driver element, frequency-changeable compressor, other functional units; Its power supply is a dc source, directly takes from public storage capacitor C1; At outdoor outdoor power unit in addition, specifically comprise: the power switch that is electrically connected with the city, EMC circuit, outdoor DC high-voltage power supply 3; Outdoor DC high-voltage power supply 3 comprises known rectification circuit, PFC PFC control and drive circuit; Its output meets public storage capacitor C1.
Solar cell 7 and solar energy DC-DC boost and also are connected with line switching 8 between the isolated variable device 4.Solar cell voltage 24V, solar energy DC-DC boosts to control outside isolated variable device 4 and the air conditioner chamber has an order circuit to be connected between the device 2, this order circuit is used for carrying out boost information interchange between isolated variable device 4 and the outdoor control device 2 of solar energy DC-DC, uses semiduplex working method; The boost output of isolated variable device 4 of solar energy DC-DC is directly in parallel with the output of outdoor DC high-voltage power supply 3, and is connected on the function storage capacitor C1.
Solar energy DC-DC boost isolated variable device 4 by communication interface unit 41, high voltage source high pressure isolate sampling unit 42, heterogeneous phase shift is isolated DC-DC converting means 43, current detecting unit 44, voltage detection unit 45 and solar energy conversion control main control MCU 46 and is formed; The output that high-voltage power voltage is isolated sampling unit links to each other with solar energy conversion control main control MCU; Communication interface unit links to each other with the order circuit of outdoor control device 2, and is connected with solar energy conversion control main control MCU; Heterogeneous phase shift is isolated the DC-DC converting means and is linked to each other with solar energy conversion control main control MCU.
Current detecting unit 44 is series at solar cell 7 and heterogeneous phase shift is isolated between the DC-DC converting means 43, and links to each other with solar energy conversion control main control MCU 46.Solar energy conversion control main control MCU 46 comprises communication unit 51, solar energy peak power output MPPT algorithm unit 52, peak point current algorithm unit 53, heterogeneous phase shift algorithm unit 54, timer multicircuit time unit 55, output voltage control module 56, soft start control module 57 and abnormal protection control module 58; The boost communication interface unit 41 of isolated variable device 4 of communication unit and solar energy DC-DC is connected, and sees Fig. 2.
Heterogeneous phase shift is isolated DC-DC converting means 43 and is made of 1~8 tunnel isolation DC-DC basic transformation device parallel connection; Every road isolates DC-DC basic transformation device by 46 controls of solar energy conversion control main control MCU, and its output is directly in parallel.Isolation DC-DC basic transformation device is linked in sequence by PWM driver element 71, flyback isolation boosting converter unit 72 and overcurrent protection detection Alarm Unit 73 and forms; the input of PWM driver element is connected with solar energy conversion control main control MCU 46 respectively with the output that overcurrent protection detects Alarm Unit, sees Fig. 3.
The output packet that above-mentioned heterogeneous phase shift is isolated DC-DC converting means 43 contains the diode component of unilateal conduction; The diode component that also includes unilateal conduction in the outdoor DC high-voltage power supply 3.Specifically see accompanying drawing 7, accompanying drawing 6 shows another kind of circuit structure; Implement the actual circuit that also comprises the PFC part in the circuit.
Timer multicircuit time unit is according to carrying out man-to-man PWM timing controlled with the quantity of isolating DC-DC basic transformation device, in order to regulate the PWM dutycycle of each converting means, the phase controlling that heterogeneous phase shift algorithm unit of while carries out conducting, the initial edge time that makes each isolation DC-DC basic transformation device open under the identical situation of pwm signal carrier wave has nothing in common with each other and evenly distributes in the time interval in a PWM cycle, realizes heterogeneous phase shifting control.Phase shifting control has two kinds of control methods: method shown in Figure 4 is that next was just open-minded mutually, enters the next PWM cycle after all are opened mutually after current opening turn-offed mutually, and the dutycycle of this kind control method relatively can be smaller; Method shown in Figure 5 is that next just begins mutually open-mindedly during opening mutually current, and the starting point in PWM cycle is also asynchronous, and the dutycycle of this control method relatively can be bigger.
All these professional persons through circuit structure conversion or pro forma conversion, do not have the present invention substantial innovation to belong to protection scope of the present invention.