CN101871903B - Method for determining interface heat exchange coefficient of large-sized steel ingot - Google Patents
Method for determining interface heat exchange coefficient of large-sized steel ingot Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining an interface heat exchange coefficient of a large-sized steel ingot. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) simplifying a contact interface between the steel ingot and an ingot mould into a plurality of test subsections, determining a plurality of test points in each subsection, setting a sensor on each test point, connecting the sensors to a data acquisition system together through respective leads, and connecting an interface heat exchange coefficient inverse calculation system at the output end of the data acquisition system; 2) when molten steel is solidified to form the steel ingot, acquiring temperature or heat flux information during molten steel solidification and transmitting the acquired signals to the data acquisition system through the sensors; 3) after the molten steel is fully solidified into the steel ingot, reading the data of each test point through the data acquisition system, acquiring the actually measured temperature or heat flux information of each test point along with time change, and importing the data and the information into the interface heat exchange coefficient inverse calculation system between the steel ingot and the ingot mould; and 4) solving the interface heat exchange coefficient between the steel ingot and the ingot mould by inverse calculation of the interface heat exchange coefficient inverse calculation system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of definite coefficient of heat transfer, particularly about a kind of method of definite interface heat exchange coefficient of large-sized steel ingot.
Background technology
At present, the maximization along with great equipments of industrial circle such as electric power, petrochemical industry, metallurgy, boats and ships has also proposed increasingly high requirement to large-scale steel ingot.For example, the manufacturing of million kilowatt nuclear power unit conventional island low pressure integral rotor needs 600 tonnes of steel ingots.In the trial-manufacturing process of large-scale steel ingot, numerical simulation technology is being brought into play more and more important effect.Interfacial heat exchange behavior between steel ingot and ingot mould has determined the solidification mode and the setting time of steel ingot, and has influenced shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity, segregation and tissue and the performance of steel ingot to a great extent.And the interface coefficient of heat transfer is one of most important parameter of restriction analog result accuracy between steel ingot and ingot mould.
Go into initial stage of ingot mould at pouring molten steel, because molten steel flow and static pressure effect, molten steel is closely to contact with the ingot mould inwall, and the interface coefficient of heat transfer is bigger between molten steel and ingot mould at this moment.And along with the propelling of process of setting, because ingot mould is to solidifying the chilling action of molten steel, molten steel forms along the ingot mould inside surface and solidifies shell, and in cooling procedure subsequently constantly thickening with produce volumetric contraction; Meanwhile, the expanded by heating of ingot mould also can generation type move.Therefore, between steel ingot and ingot mould, form air gap usually.The formation time of air gap is with spatial variations, and size of gaps also changes with the space in time.After air gap formed, the heat transmission at interface then became heat conduction, convection current and three sums of radiation by simple heat conduction.More than these complicated factors, cause that the interface coefficient of heat transfer is difficult to confirm between steel ingot and ingot mould.And in actual computation, normally adopt simplification measures such as a conjecture value or experimental formula that the interface heat exchange coefficient between steel ingot and ingot mould is confirmed, but the error calculated of these conjecture values or experimental formula is very big.
Summary of the invention
To the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple to operately, can confirm the method for interface heat exchange coefficient of large-sized steel ingot fast and accurately.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose; The present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of method of definite interface heat exchange coefficient of large-sized steel ingot; It may further comprise the steps: 1) contact interface between steel ingot and the ingot mould is reduced to some test segmentations, in each segmentation, confirms several test points, and a sensor is set on each test point; The lead of each sensor through separately is connected to a data acquisition system (DAS) jointly, and the output terminal of data acquisition system (DAS) connects an interface heat exchange coefficient inverse system; 2) become in the process of steel ingot at molten steel solidification, temperature or hot-fluid information in each sensor acquisition molten steel solidification process, and the information data that collects is sent in the data acquisition system (DAS); 3) after molten steel is frozen into steel ingot fully, read the data of each test point through data acquisition system (DAS), obtain the time dependent temperature or the hot-fluid information of each test point actual measurement, and import between steel ingot and ingot mould in the coefficient of heat transfer inverse system of interface; 4) interface heat exchange coefficient inverse system estimates the interface heat exchange coefficient of certain time period according to the data that step 3) imports; Interface heat exchange coefficient according to estimating carries out simulation of Temperature in the process of setting, to obtain the accounting temperature of test point; Relatively whether accounting temperature and observed temperature coincide, if accounting temperature and observed temperature are misfitted, then find the solution through inverse; Proofread and correct interface heat exchange coefficient; And then return the simulation of solidification processing temperature field, up to the result of calculation that obtains to match with observed temperature, promptly accounting temperature and observed temperature are identical; At this moment obtain the interface heat exchange coefficient of this time period, the record interface heat exchange coefficient; Judge that whether setting time t is greater than complete setting time t
MaxIf, t>t
Max, then finish to calculate; Otherwise, the calculating that gets into next time period.
The inverse method for solving of said step 4) median surface coefficient of heat transfer inverse system is: the starting condition that 1. certain time period is set; Corresponding first time period, then be: the starting condition of input temp field, promptly t=0 Temperature Distribution constantly is made as the pouring molten steel temperature usually, and the initial value of interface heat exchange coefficient, i.e. estimated value; Definition F (h
1..., h
I) do
In the formula, h
1..., h
IBe the interface heat exchange coefficient of each segmentation, Y
K, j, iAnd T
K, j, iRepresent temperature measured value and the calculated value of segmentation i at time period j, position k respectively, I is the segmentation sum, and J is the time period sum, and K is the corresponding test point sum of a certain segmentation i; 2. utilize interface heat exchange coefficient
, find the solution the temperature field of this time period, i.e. steel ingot three-dimensional temperature field simulation, subscript l representes iterations, l=0,1,2 ..., wherein, l=0 is illustrated in the initial of each time period, from estimated value
The beginning iteration; 3. at interface heat exchange coefficient
The basis on increase an amplitude of variation ζ, generally be taken as 10
-3, utilize this new interface heat exchange coefficient
, find the solution the temperature field of this time period; 4. according to step 2. and the temperature field of 3. finding the solution, calculate interface heat exchange coefficient
Increment
:
And the interface heat exchange coefficient that obtains next iteration step is:
Then explanation
Tally with the actual situation, it also is accurately that correspondence is found the solution the temperature field that obtains, and then, returns the calculating that 2. step gets into the next time period; Wherein, ε is a decimal, generally is taken as 10
-4If
Do not satisfy formula (5), then to interface heat exchange coefficient
Carry out assignment again, promptly
, return step and 2. carry out iterative computation, up to satisfying formula (5); If 6. t>t
Max, then finish to calculate; Otherwise, return the calculating that 2. step gets into next time period.
In the said step 1), the ingot mould in the contact interface outside between steel ingot and the ingot mould is reduced to five test segmentations, is respectively: 1. with the horizontal surface of contact of indent on steel ingot ingot tail and ingot mould chassis as segmentation I; 2. with the horizontal surface of contact of the side direction surface of contact on steel ingot ingot tail and ingot mould chassis and steel ingot ingot body and ingot mould mould body as segmentation II; 3. with the vertical surface of contact of steel ingot ingot body and ingot mould mould body as segmentation III; 4. with the vertical surface of contact of steel ingot rising head and ingot mould riser buss as segmentation IV; 5. with the horizontal surface of contact of the exothermic mixture bottom surface of pouring into a mould on steel ingot rising head and the steel ingot as segmentation V.
Each test test point quantity in segmentation is 1~5, is 20~50mm apart from the nearest test point of contact interface between steel ingot and the ingot mould and the distance at interface.
Said sensor is a thermopair.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, and it has the following advantages: what 1, the present invention tested is the ingot mould in the contact interface outside between steel ingot and the ingot mould, tests simple relatively; And through the measurement to the temperature variation of limited unique point on the ingot mould, in conjunction with the temperature field simulation of actual steel ingot and ingot mould, but inverse obtains interface heat exchange coefficient, and is easy to operate, and test accurately.2, the present invention is reduced to five sections with the ingot mould in the contact interface outside between steel ingot and the ingot mould, and the interface heat exchange coefficient of diverse location differs less in every section, can simplify and think equal; And the interface heat exchange coefficient between section and the section differs bigger, and then can carry out areal survey.3, the present invention is provided with some test points in each segmentation, arranges a sensor on the position of each test point, and each sensor is connected to data acquisition system (DAS) jointly; Data importing interface heat exchange coefficient inverse system with data acquisition system (DAS) output through interface heat exchange coefficient inverse system, need not to measure the formation of interface air gap; Can confirm interface heat exchange coefficient; And the interface heat exchange coefficient of confirming tallies with the actual situation and along with the time changes, and then the formation that has solved air gap is difficult to measure, and because the influence of air gap; Interface heat exchange coefficient is along with the time changes, and can't accurately measure the problem of interface heat exchange coefficient.The present invention is skillfully constructed, and the interface heat exchange coefficient inverse method for solving that is proposed can be handled the situation at any multistage interface, can exist in the heat transfer system of air gap adaptable across Castingother processes such as sand casting, die casting and any interface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is steel ingot of the present invention and ingot mould interface heat exchange coefficient segmentation simplified structure synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 is that apparatus of the present invention connect synoptic diagram
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of finding the solution in the interface heat exchange coefficient inverse of the present invention system
Fig. 4 is the idiographic flow synoptic diagram of inverse solving heat exchange coefficient in the interface heat exchange coefficient inverse of the present invention system
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is carried out detailed description.
The present invention is the coefficient of heat transfer that will confirm contact interface between steel ingot 1 and the ingot mould 2.As shown in Figure 1, steel ingot 1 of the present invention comprises ingot tail 11, ingot body 12 and rising head 13.Ingot mould 2 of the present invention comprises chassis 21, mould body 22, riser buss 23 and exothermic mixture 24, and exothermic mixture 24 is cast in rising head 13 end faces.Because the inboard of contact interface is molten steel or solidifies shell between steel ingot 1 and the ingot mould 2, difficulty of test is big, and testing cost is high; And the outside of contact interface is an ingot mould 2 between steel ingot 1 and the ingot mould 2, tests simply relatively, and therefore, the present invention confirms the coefficient of heat transfer of contact interface between steel ingot 1 and the ingot mould 2 through the temperature variation of test contact interface outside ingot mould 2.
The present invention is based on following thought:
The present invention is divided into some test segmentations with the ingot mould 2 in the contact interface outside between steel ingot 1 and the ingot mould 2; Each segmentation is provided with some test points; Temperature variation and articulated system (steel ingot 1 and ingot mould 2) temperature field simulation through testing each test point get final product the coefficient of heat transfer that inverse obtains contact interface between steel ingot 1 and the ingot mould 2.
The present invention includes following steps:
1) ingot mould 2 with the contact interface outside between steel ingot 1 and the ingot mould 2 is reduced to following five test segmentations, promptly have the five segment limit face coefficients of heat transfer, and every segment limit face coefficient of heat transfer is different, and all along with the time changes;
1. with the horizontal surface of contact of indent (a point is to shown in the b point in figure) on ingot tail 11 and chassis 21 as segmentation I;
2. with the horizontal surface of contact (the b point is to shown in the c point in figure) of the side direction surface of contact on ingot tail 11 and chassis 21 and ingot body 12 and mould body 22 as segmentation II;
3. with the vertical surface of contact (the c point is to shown in the d point in figure, and vertically the angle of surface of contact and vertical direction is a taper of ingot) of ingot body 12 and mould body 22 as segmentation III;
4. with the vertical surface of contact (the d point is to shown in the e point in figure) of rising head 13 and riser buss 23 as segmentation IV:
5. with the horizontal surface of contact (the e point is to shown in the f point in figure) of rising head 13 and exothermic mixture 24 bottom surfaces as segmentation V.
The foundation that above-mentioned segmentation is simplified is: show that through practical experience and numerical simulation the interface heat exchange coefficient of diverse location differs less in each of division section, can simplify and think equal, and section and section between interface heat exchange coefficient differ bigger.
2) as shown in Figure 2, before pouring molten steel, in the ingot mould 2 of segmentation I~IV, confirm several test points for every section, and on the position of each test point, arrange a sensor 3; After pouring molten steel, on molten steel, cover one deck exothermic mixture 24, in the exothermic mixture 24 of segmentation V, confirm several test points, and on each test point, arrange a sensor 3.The lead of all the sensors 3 through separately is connected to data acquisition system (DAS) 4, the output terminal linkage interface coefficient of heat transfer inverse system 5 of data acquisition system (DAS) 4.
This step needs to confirm the susceptibility of test point position and the susceptibility of test point quantity when confirming test point.
Confirm the susceptibility of test point position: test point is near more apart from the contact interface between steel ingot 1 and the ingot mould 2, and the speed of finding the solution of interface heat exchange coefficient inverse system 5 is fast more, promptly helps confirming of interface heat exchange coefficient more.Test point is relevant with tested systems with the distance at interface; For the large-scale steel ingot more than the 100t; Considering the needs that measuring accuracy and temperature field simulation and inverse are found the solution, is 20~50mm apart from the nearest test point of contact interface between steel ingot and the ingot mould and the distance at interface.
Confirm the susceptibility of test point quantity:,, arrange that a characteristic test point can satisfy the requirement that this segment limit face coefficient of heat transfer inverse is found the solution corresponding to each section for the situation of interface heat exchange coefficient staging treating.And arrange two characteristic test points in the normal direction at this interface or approximate normal direction (being direction of heat flow), the experimental data of acquisition helps apace inverse and finds the solution the interface heat exchange coefficient that obtains this section like this.The present invention confirms that only unique point quantity is 1~5.
3) become in the process of steel ingot at molten steel solidification, temperature or hot-fluid information that each sensor 3 is gathered in molten steel solidification processes, and the information data that collects is sent in the data acquisition system (DAS) 4.
4) after molten steel is frozen into steel ingot fully, read the data of each test point through data acquisition system (DAS) 4, obtain the temperature or the hot-fluid information of each test point.
5) with the data importing of each test point in steel ingot 1 and 2 interface coefficient of heat transfer inverse systems 5 of ingot mould, utilize interface heat exchange coefficient inverse system 5 to find the solution to obtain the interface heat exchange coefficient of 2 of steel ingot 1 and ingot moulds.
As shown in Figure 3, the flow process of finding the solution in 2 interface coefficient of heat transfer inverse systems 5 of steel ingot 1 and ingot mould is:
Estimate the interface heat exchange coefficient of certain time period according to the time dependent temperature data of each test point actual measurement of data acquisition system (DAS) 4 input; Interface heat exchange coefficient according to estimating carries out simulation of Temperature in the process of setting, to obtain the accounting temperature of test point; Relatively whether accounting temperature and observed temperature coincide, if accounting temperature and observed temperature are misfitted, then find the solution through inverse; Proofread and correct interface heat exchange coefficient; And then return the simulation of solidification processing temperature field, up to the result of calculation that obtains to match with observed temperature, promptly accounting temperature and observed temperature are identical; At this time also obtained should the time period interface heat exchange coefficient, the record interface heat exchange coefficient; Whether the setting time t that judges this moment is greater than complete setting time t
MaxIf, t>t
Max, then finish to calculate; Otherwise, the calculating that gets into next time period.
As shown in Figure 4, the specific algorithm of the interface heat exchange coefficient inverse system 5 median surface coefficients of heat transfer is following.
1. begin.
2. the starting condition of certain time period is set.Corresponding first time period, then be: the starting condition of input temp field (be t=0 Temperature Distribution constantly, be made as the pouring molten steel temperature usually), and the initial value of interface heat exchange coefficient, i.e. estimated value.
Definition F (h
1..., h
I) do
In the formula, h
1..., h
IBe the interface heat exchange coefficient of each segmentation, Y
K, j, iAnd T
K, j, iRepresent temperature measured value and the calculated value of segmentation i at time period j, position k respectively, I is the segmentation sum, and J is the time period sum, and K is the corresponding test point sum of a certain segmentation i.The length of time period j can rule of thumb be chosen, and finds the solution for implicit expression, and the length of time period j can be got greatly relatively; Find the solution for explicit, the length of time period j is then got little relatively.The length of time period j can be definite value, also can dynamically change.
3. utilize interface heat exchange coefficient
; Find the solution the temperature field of this time period; It is the simulation of steel ingot three-dimensional temperature field; Subscript l representes iterations, l=0,1; 2 ... Wherein, l=0 is illustrated in the initial of each time period, from estimated value
beginning iteration.
4. at interface heat exchange coefficient
The basis on increase an amplitude of variation ζ, generally be taken as 10
-3, utilize this new interface heat exchange coefficient
, find the solution the temperature field of this time period.
5. 3. and the temperature field of 4. finding the solution, calculate the increment
of interface heat exchange coefficient
according to step:
In the formula;
representes sensitivity coefficient, and it is defined as:
And the interface heat exchange coefficient that obtains next iteration step is:
Then explanation
tallies with the actual situation; It also is accurately that correspondence is found the solution the temperature field that obtains; Then, return the calculating that 3. step gets into the next time period.Wherein, ε is a decimal, generally is taken as 10
-4
If
do not satisfy formula (5); Then interface heat exchange coefficient
is carried out assignment again; Promptly
returns step and 3. carries out iterative computation, up to satisfying formula (5).
If 7. t>t
Max, (t wherein
MaxBe complete setting time), then finish to calculate; Otherwise, return the calculating that 3. step gets into next time period.
Among above-mentioned each embodiment, the sensor 3 that is provided with on each test point can be thermopair, also can be the sensor of other type.
Among above-mentioned each embodiment, the solidification processing temperature field stimulation can be found the solution the transient state heat conduction equation of considering liquid-solid-phase changeable based on finite difference method, Finite Element Method or finite volume method.Because actual steel ingot is a 3D shape, therefore adopt the three-dimensional temperature field simulation.
Above-mentioned each embodiment only is used to explain the present invention, and wherein the structure of each parts, connected mode etc. all can change to some extent, and every equivalents of on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, carrying out and improvement all should not got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the method for a definite interface heat exchange coefficient of large-sized steel ingot, it may further comprise the steps:
1) contact interface between steel ingot and the ingot mould is reduced to some test segmentations; In each segmentation, confirm several test points; And a sensor is set on each test point; The lead of each sensor through separately is connected to a data acquisition system (DAS) jointly, and the output terminal of data acquisition system (DAS) connects an interface heat exchange coefficient inverse system;
2) become in the process of steel ingot at molten steel solidification, temperature or hot-fluid information in each sensor acquisition molten steel solidification process, and the information data that collects is sent in the data acquisition system (DAS);
3) after molten steel is frozen into steel ingot fully, read the data of each test point through data acquisition system (DAS), obtain the time dependent temperature or the hot-fluid information of each test point actual measurement, and import between steel ingot and ingot mould in the coefficient of heat transfer inverse system of interface;
4) interface heat exchange coefficient inverse system estimates the interface heat exchange coefficient of certain time period according to the data that step 3) imports; Interface heat exchange coefficient according to estimating carries out simulation of Temperature in the process of setting, to obtain the accounting temperature of test point; Relatively whether accounting temperature and observed temperature coincide, if accounting temperature and observed temperature are misfitted, then find the solution through inverse; Proofread and correct interface heat exchange coefficient; And then return the simulation of solidification processing temperature field, up to the result of calculation that obtains to match with observed temperature, promptly accounting temperature and observed temperature are identical; At this moment obtain the interface heat exchange coefficient of this time period, the record interface heat exchange coefficient; Judge that whether setting time t is greater than complete setting time t
MaxIf, t>t
Max, then finish to calculate; Otherwise, the calculating that gets into next time period; Wherein, the inverse method for solving of interface heat exchange coefficient inverse system is:
1. the starting condition of certain time period is set; Corresponding first time period, then be: the starting condition of input temp field, promptly t=0 Temperature Distribution constantly is made as the pouring molten steel temperature usually, and the initial value of interface heat exchange coefficient, i.e. estimated value;
Definition F (h
1..., h
I) do
In the formula, h
1..., h
IBe the interface heat exchange coefficient of each segmentation, Y
K, j, iAnd T
K, j, iRepresent temperature measured value and the calculated value of segmentation i at time period j, position k respectively, I is the segmentation sum, and J is the time period sum, and K is the corresponding test point sum of a certain segmentation i;
2. utilize interface heat exchange coefficient
to find the solution the temperature field of this time period; It is the simulation of steel ingot three-dimensional temperature field; Subscript l representes iterations; L=0; 1,2 ..., wherein; L=0 is illustrated in the initial of each time period, from estimated value
beginning iteration;
3. at interface heat exchange coefficient
The basis on increase an amplitude of variation ζ, be taken as 10
-3, utilize this new interface heat exchange coefficient
Find the solution the temperature field of this time period;
4. 2. and the temperature field of 3. finding the solution, calculate the increment
of interface heat exchange coefficient
according to step
And the interface heat exchange coefficient that obtains next iteration step is:
Then explanation
Tally with the actual situation, it also is accurately that correspondence is found the solution the temperature field that obtains, and then, returns the calculating that 2. step gets into the next time period; Wherein, ε is a decimal, is taken as 10
-4
If
do not satisfy formula (5); Then interface heat exchange coefficient
is carried out assignment again; Promptly
returns step and 2. carries out iterative computation, up to satisfying formula (5);
If 6. t>t
Max, then finish to calculate; Otherwise, return the calculating that 2. step gets into next time period.
2. the method for a kind of definite interface heat exchange coefficient of large-sized steel ingot as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the said step 1), the ingot mould in the contact interface outside between steel ingot and the ingot mould is reduced to five test segmentations, is respectively:
1. with the horizontal surface of contact of indent on steel ingot ingot tail and ingot mould chassis as segmentation I;
2. with the horizontal surface of contact of the side direction surface of contact on steel ingot ingot tail and ingot mould chassis and steel ingot ingot body and ingot mould mould body as segmentation II;
3. with the vertical surface of contact of steel ingot ingot body and ingot mould mould body as segmentation III;
4. with the vertical surface of contact of steel ingot rising head and ingot mould riser buss as segmentation IV;
5. with the horizontal surface of contact of the exothermic mixture bottom surface of pouring into a mould on steel ingot rising head and the steel ingot as segmentation V.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 a kind of method of definite interface heat exchange coefficient of large-sized steel ingot; It is characterized in that: each test test point quantity in segmentation is 1~5, is 20~50mm apart from the nearest test point of contact interface between steel ingot and the ingot mould and the distance at interface.
4. according to claim 1 or claim 2 a kind of method of definite interface heat exchange coefficient of large-sized steel ingot, it is characterized in that: said sensor is a thermopair.
5. the method for a kind of definite interface heat exchange coefficient of large-sized steel ingot as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: said sensor is a thermopair.
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SU464626A1 (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1975-03-25 | Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Стали И Сплавов | The method of controlling the heating of metal products |
SU864024A1 (en) * | 1979-11-22 | 1981-09-15 | Украинский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский Институт Металлов | Device for measuring surface temperature, mainly of steel ingots |
-
2010
- 2010-05-31 CN CN2010101951218A patent/CN101871903B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU464626A1 (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1975-03-25 | Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Стали И Сплавов | The method of controlling the heating of metal products |
SU864024A1 (en) * | 1979-11-22 | 1981-09-15 | Украинский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский Институт Металлов | Device for measuring surface temperature, mainly of steel ingots |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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张家锋等.FGH96粉末高温合金涡轮盘淬火过程界面换热系数的研究.《航空材料学报》.2010,第30卷(第1期),26-29. * |
李文胜等.大型钢锭凝固过程三维数值模拟.《大型铸锻件》.2010,(第3期),1-4. * |
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