CN101871777A - Bar code suitable for measurement and measuring instrument - Google Patents
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- CN101871777A CN101871777A CN 201010166755 CN201010166755A CN101871777A CN 101871777 A CN101871777 A CN 101871777A CN 201010166755 CN201010166755 CN 201010166755 CN 201010166755 A CN201010166755 A CN 201010166755A CN 101871777 A CN101871777 A CN 101871777A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bar code suitable for measurement and a measuring instrument. Each code element is formed by a pair of bright and dark strips in a consistent bright and dark order, and has at least two widths; the code element of different widths is called a width code; the proportions of dark strips to bright strips in the code element have at least two kinds; the code element of different proportions is called a proportion code; the code element having the properties of both the width code and the proportion code is called a mixed code; a plurality of mixed codes are arranged in series to form a code element group which represents a code; and a plurality of different code element groups are arranged in a specified rule to form a bar code ruler of a digital level or a bar code disc of an electronic theodolites. By combination of the width code and the proportion code, the bar code is wider than the conventional one-dimensional code elements so to be easy to distinguish, avoid misreading and have a high reliability; moreover, as the bar code ruler using the one-dimensional codes is narrower than that using two-dimensional codes, the manufacturing cost of the bar code ruler is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical field
The bar code that the present invention relates to a kind of digital instrument of surveying and mapping is improved, and belongs to mapping instrument technology field.
Background technology
The decoding principle of digital electronic level and so on surveying instrument mainly contains correlation method, geometric method and phase method at present.Typical case's representative of correlation method is the Leica instrument of Switzerland, and its external feature is that scale directly carries out the light and shade coding with scale-of-two; Typical case's representative of geometric method is the Trimble instrument, and its external feature is that scale adopts the quarter-phase scale-of-two to encode; Typical case's representative of phase method is the TOPCON of Japan, and its external feature is that the bar code of scale is formed by the sign indicating number preface of the Sine Modulated of different cycles by some group coding width.In addition, also have the random two-way sign indicating number of Japanese SOKKIA, its external feature is that the distance of scale bar code is different multilevel codes for equidistant, width.
In order to realize the localization process of digital electronic spirit-leveling instrument, the domestic work of also carrying out this respect.Chinese patent as number of patent application 03153286.1 discloses the wide Sine Modulated compiling method of equidistant code sign indicating number, the Chinese patent of number of patent application 200510019465.2 discloses equidistant phase modulation (PM) and has carried the code phase method, the Chinese patent of number of patent application 200810150848.7 discloses a kind of coded system that is applicable to digital level, or the like.
The above-mentioned various existing coding that is used for the digital electronic spirit-leveling instrument is main has only one dimension, contains respective heights information by the width of the bright of one dimension code element or filaments of sun sign indicating number by predetermined rule variation, directly obtains reading from bar code during measurement.Its result makes that not only the rule of code element is increasingly sophisticated, and decoding program is day by day loaded down with trivial details, and requires very high to the manufacturing accuracy of code element.In addition, in order to guarantee to have abundant wide variety code element in the finite length scope, minimum symbol width often has to be so small to have only 2 millimeters.When big or external interference light is strong when range finding, cause easily misreading.But its advantage is: the width of bar yardstick is little, helps making.
I have invented a kind of two-dimension code scale and reading method in 2007, its Granted publication number is CN100491927C.Though this method coding is simple, accurate measurement precision height, thick sign indicating number identification is complicated, thus the algorithm complexity, and the width of bar yardstick is twice than the width of bar code chi, is unfavorable for the manufacturing of bar yardstick.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: at the shortcoming that above prior art exists, proposes a kind of recognition easily, decoding fast reliably, can effectively avoid above shortcoming, and have the bar code that is applicable to measurement and the surveying instrument of its advantage.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of bar code that is applicable to measurement, each code element all are made of a pair of light and shade striped, the light and shade sequence consensus.As shown in Figure 1: symbol width is a, and the width of bright fringe is b, and the width of dark fringe is c, a=c+b, also can, the width of bright fringe is c, the width of dark fringe is b, a=c+b.The width of code element has two kinds at least, and the code element of different in width is called the width sign indicating number.The dark fringe in the code element and the ratio of bright fringe have two kinds at least, and the code element of different proportion is called the ratio sign indicating number.Each code element has width sign indicating number and two kinds of attributes of ratio sign indicating number simultaneously, claims that this sign indicating number is a hybrid code.A set of symbols is formed in the continuous arrangement of a plurality of hybrid codes, represents a coding, and a plurality of different set of symbols are arranged by the rule of agreement, constitute the bar yardstick of digital level or the bar code-disc of electronic theodolite, and set of symbols has wherein been represented unique place value.The rule of this agreement guarantees that on bar code arbitrary section set of symbols does not repeat.The width that it is characterized in that code element has two kinds at least, and the dark fringe in the code element and the ratio of bright fringe have two kinds at least, and each code element has width sign indicating number and two kinds of attributes of ratio sign indicating number simultaneously.
Aforesaid a kind of bar code that is applicable to measurement, a=a
1, a
2, a
3... a
i... a
nN is the number of the width of code element, a
iBe the desirable width value of code element, that is, and the width sign indicating number.
Aforesaid a kind of bar code that is applicable to measurement, c/b=K
1, K
2, K
3... K
i... k
mM is the interior dark fringe of code element and the number of bright fringe ratio, or the bright fringe in the code element and the number of dark fringe ratio, K
iBe the desirable light and shade striped ratio value in the code element, that is, and the ratio sign indicating number.
Aforesaid a kind of bar code that is applicable to measurement is formed its coding jointly with the number of the width of code element and the dark fringe in the code element and the number of bright fringe ratio.Get K
iAnd a
iIn at the coding of the discernible part of long distance during as long distance; Get K
iAnd a
iIn at the coding of the discernible part of low coverage when being its low coverage.
As shown in Figure 1, get n=2, m=9.Please see embodiment one.
A kind of digital level is characterized in that using the bar yardstick that meets above-mentioned bar code.
A kind of electronic theodolite or a kind of total powerstation is characterized in that using the bar code-disc that meets above-mentioned bar code.
During measurement, when the spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight drops in the bar yardstick in a certain code element, the step during recognition is:
1) set of symbols of recognition spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight place code element correspondence is the bigness scale value with the height value of this set of symbols correspondence.Because of set of symbols is unique, obtain the physical length of the set of symbols of corresponding height value and correspondence so can table look-up, the ratio of the length of the set of symbols of the correspondence that records on CCD and the physical length of corresponding set of symbols is exactly the magnification of spirit-leveling instrument on this place value.
2) relative height of the recognition spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight set of symbols corresponding with the place code element, with direct-read method obtain the spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight to the distance of the lower boundary of this set of symbols as second highly.At the lower boundary of the set of symbols of the correspondence that records on the CCD and the inverse that the length between the spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight multiply by the above magnification that obtains is exactly the relative height of set of symbols.
3) distinguish the result with above-mentioned first, second altitude information sum as measuring.
Sighting distance is resolved: because recognition 1), obtained magnification, because the telescopical focal length of spirit-leveling instrument is a certain value, just can obtain sighting distance again according to the proportionate relationship of similar triangles.As Fig. 2, shown in Figure 5.
Above step 2) the direct reading method of relative height of the spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight set of symbols corresponding with the place code element is a lot.The most frequently used is the differential direct-reading, promptly determines the light and shade edge with the single order differential method, thereby directly reads the distance of spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight to the lower boundary of this set of symbols.Also can adopt other methods such as intermediate value direct-reading to separate code reading in addition.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a code element structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one, two.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention three.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention four.
Fig. 5 is the spirit-leveling instrument instrumentation plan.
Fig. 6 is the mathematical principle figure of differential direct-reading.
Fig. 7 is the mathematical principle figure of intermediate value direct-reading.
Among the above figure in the circle symbol implication of sequence number be respectively: 1. bright fringe; 2. dark fringe; 3. the length value of long distance set of symbols; 4. the length value of low coverage set of symbols; 5. the low coverage set of symbols is to the relative height of spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight; 6. long distance set of symbols height value; 7. low coverage symbol value; 8. long distance symbol value; 9. low coverage set of symbols height value; 10. spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight height; 11. the long distance set of symbols is to the relative height of spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight; 12. spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight; 13. bar yardstick; 14. spirit-leveling instrument object lens; 15. spirit-leveling instrument image sensor; 16. image distance; 17. object distance; 18. ratio sign indicating number; 19. width sign indicating number.A pair of light and shade striped 1 and 2 constitutes a code element.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The bar yardstick of present embodiment, as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in, the width sign indicating number has two kinds, a1=20, a2=16, ratio sign indicating number have 9 kinds, k0=0.33, k1=0.455, k2=0.6, k3=0.78, k4=1, k5=1.29, k6=1.67, k7=2.2, k8=3.Choose width sign indicating number a1, the bar code of a2 during as long distance, a1 represents 1, a2 represents 0, is binary bar code, chooses ratio sign indicating number k0, to k8, the bar code during as low coverage, k0 to k8, is expressed as 0,1 successively ..., 7,8, be 9 system bar codes.
Bar code during for long distance amounts to and has 2 with 9 scale-of-two, coding
9=512, full chi length overall is approximately 512* (a1+a2)/2=9216mm.
Bar code during for low coverage is with 39 systems, width sign indicating number a2, K
iCan only choose 1 to 7,7 kind of state, width sign indicating number a1, K
iOptional 0 to 8,9 kind of state has 7 at least so bar code amounts to
3=343, full chi length overall is approximately 343* (a1+a2)/2=6174mm.
Refer to greater than 8 meters for long distance, two kinds of width sign indicating number stand out 5mm, distinguishable fully in the time of 100 meters.Refer to smaller or equal to 8 meters for low coverage, k0 to the difference of k8 more than 0.1, distinguishable fully, the shortlyest can arrive 1.5 meters.
No matter low coverage and long distance, the bar code direction can be carried out to maximum by the long minimum of chi, and maximum direction is high-order, and minimum direction is a low level, also can be opposite.
Situation during actual measurement is erected at objective with above-mentioned bar yardstick 13 as shown in Figure 5, and spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight 12 sees through spirit-leveling instrument object lens 14 and projects on the spirit-leveling instrument image sensor (CCD) 15.When the spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight made a decision in place value shown in Figure 2, the step during spirit-leveling instrument recognition was as follows.
During for long distance:
1) set of symbols of recognition spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight place code element correspondence, that is: the height value of this set of symbols correspondence is learnt in the coding of set of symbols=180 through tabling look-up, as 500mm, tabling look-up to obtain the physical length of corresponding set of symbols, 160mm.On CCD, record the length of corresponding set of symbols, and then draw the magnification B of spirit-leveling instrument on this place value.
2) relative height of the recognition spirit-leveling instrument horizontal line of sight set of symbols corresponding with the place code element, the length L of the correspondence that on CCD, records, that is: relative height=L/B=79mm.
3) distinguish the result with above-mentioned first, second altitude information sum as measuring.That is: highly=500+79=579mm.
During for low coverage, in like manner.
Above step 2) principle of differential direct-reading is in: because the optical system resolution of spirit-leveling instrument image sensor is limited, so the black and white strip border is through not obvious behind the optical system imaging, and present the bandwidth of light and shade transition, be that boundary surface exists certain slope, can't accurately determine the position on light and shade border.Obtain the slope that as shown in Figure 6 differential curve bottom just can be eliminated boundary surface with the single order differential, can the accurate position of determining the light and shade border.
Set of symbols is because after adopting the coding of present embodiment, the bar code width is wideer than the code element of existing one dimension sign indicating number, and therefore explanation easily can be avoided misreading, and the reliability height is especially worked as telemeasurement, and superiority is clearer and more definite.Simultaneously owing to being the one dimension sign indicating number, than narrow, so the manufacturing cost of bar yardstick significantly descends with the width of two-dimensional encoded bar yardstick.
Embodiment two
With reference to figure 2, Fig. 3, the basic condition of present embodiment and embodiment one roughly the same, difference is, chooses width sign indicating number a1, a2 and ratio sign indicating number K
i＜1, K
i＞1, the bar code during as long distance.K
i＜1 has k0, k1, k2, k3, K
i＞1 has k5, k6, k7, k8.A1 represents 1, and a2 represents 0, K
i＜1 expression 2, K
i＞1 expression 3 is quaternary bar code.Because K
i＜1 and K
i＞1 difference is greater than 0.5, so can discern a long way off.When low coverage, choose ratio sign indicating number k0, k1, k2, k3, k5, k6, k7, the bar code when k8 is low coverage, be expressed as 0,1 successively ... 6,7, i.e. scale-of-eight.K0, k1, k2, k3 are identified as less than 1 when long distance, the bar code 2 during as long distance; When low coverage, be identified as k0, k1, k2, k3, the bar code during as low coverage.K5, k6, k7, k8 are identified as greater than 1 when long distance, the bar code 3 during as long distance; When low coverage, be identified as k5, k6, k7, k8, the bar code during as low coverage.
Choose ratio sign indicating number K
i＜1, K
i＞1 bar code during as long distance equally also can be chosen ratio sign indicating number K
i＜R, K
iThe bar code of＞R during as long distance chosen the R value, as long as can discern a long way off.
Bar code during long distance amounts to and has 4 with 5 quaternarys, bar code
5=1024, full chi length overall is approximately 1024* (a1+a2)/2=18432mm.
During low coverage, select three scale-of-eight for use, for width sign indicating number a2, K
iHave only 6 kinds of values, have 6 at least so bar code amounts to
3+ 104=320, full chi length overall is approximately 320* (a1+a2)/2=5760mm.
Embodiment three
As shown in Figure 3, the basic condition of present embodiment and embodiment one roughly the same, difference is, the bar code when choosing width sign indicating number a1, a2 as long distance.A1 represents 1, and a2 represents 0, is binary bar code.In the time of on hand, the bar code when choosing conditional ratio sign indicating number as low coverage, this restriction is exactly: when the width sign indicating number of code element is a1, only choose K
iThe ratio sign indicating number of＜R has k0 to k3 kind bar code, four kinds of states; When being a2, the width sign indicating number of code element only chooses K
iThe ratio sign indicating number of＞R has k5 to k7 kind bar code, three kinds of states.Total low coverage the time bar code can be expressed as two 4 systems, be exactly 8 systems.Here, choose R=1.
Bar code during for long distance amounts to and has 2 with 9 scale-of-two, total bar code
9=512, full chi length overall is approximately 512* (a1+a2)/2=9216mm.
Bar code during for low coverage is with 38 systems, for width sign indicating number a2, K
iCan only choose 5 to 7, three state is for width sign indicating number a1, K
iOptional 0 to 3,4 kind of state has 6 at least so bar code amounts to
3+ 104=320, full chi length overall is approximately 320* (a1+a2)/2=5760mm.
Verification condition that this code element is many, that is, and when distinguishing a1, if while K
i＜1, just can be defined as a1.A2, in like manner.
Embodiment four
As shown in Figure 4, with reference to figure 2, the basic condition of present embodiment and embodiment one roughly the same, difference is, choose width sign indicating number a0, a1, a2 ..., the bar code of a6 during as low coverage, a0 to a6 be expressed as 0,1 successively ..., 5,6, be septenary bar code.Bar code when choosing conditional ratio sign indicating number as long distance, this restriction is exactly: only choose K
iThe ratio sign indicating number of＜R, as 0, corresponding ratio sign indicating number has k0 to k6 kind bar code, seven kinds of states, each K here
iAll corresponding to a width sign indicating number a
i, i=0,1 ..., 6; Only choose K
iThe ratio sign indicating number of＞R, as 1, corresponding ratio sign indicating number has k7 to k13 kind bar code, seven kinds of states, each K here
iAll corresponding to a width sign indicating number a
I-7, i=7,8 ..., 13.Choose R=0.75, promptly satisfy in long distance and can differentiate K
i＜R and K
i＞R, the same requirement can be distinguished as K when low coverage
i, i=0,1 ..., 13.
Bar code during for long distance amounts to and has 2 with 8 scale-of-two, total bar code
8=256, full chi length overall is approximately 256* (a0+a6)/2=6144mm.
Bar code during for low coverage is with 37 systems, so bar code adds up to 7
3=343, full chi length overall is approximately 343* (a0+a6)/2=8232mm.
When long distance is distinguished, in each code element, press K
iCan judge 0 or 1, near and draw the coding of set of symbols, because of this coding is unique, so can the table look-up height value that draws the set of symbols correspondence and the length of set of symbols correspondence.
When low coverage is distinguished, in each code element, because of K
iBe unique, and each width sign indicating number correspondence is less than R with greater than two kinds of ratio sign indicating numbers of R, can be by K
iJudge K
i＞R or K
i＜R is as K
i＜R is by K
iTable look-up and to obtain a
iThe coding of representative, i=0,1 ..., 6; As K
i＞R is by K
iTable look-up and to obtain a
I-7The coding of representative, i=7,8 ..., 13.Thereby obtain the coding of set of symbols, because of this coding is unique, so can the table look-up height value that draws the set of symbols correspondence and the length value of set of symbols correspondence.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
From above explanation, be not difficult to find out that the present invention compared with prior art has following remarkable advantage:
1. the combination of width code and ratio code, the bar code choice of formation is big, can satisfy simultaneously the requirement of low coverage code and long distance code, so can guarantee enough certainties of measurement;
2. the combination of width code and ratio code, its coding can adopt simple rule layout, has avoided that two dimension (" two dimension " herein is mathematical algorithm) such as relevant method is relevant, the complex calculation such as Fourier transform of phase place method, and decoding is precisely quick;
3. the combination of width code and ratio code, the bar code of formation select that then leeway is big, also can add the verification condition in each code element, thus can guarantee enough reliabilities, such as example three;
4. this kind dimension code is narrower than the width of two-dimensional encoded bar yardstick, so the manufacturing cost of bar yardstick significantly descends.
When this bar code was used for electronic theodolite or total powerstation, bar code-disc wherein and the distance between the image sensor were fixed, so with the combination of width code and ratio code, can consist of easily their bar code-disc.
Claims (7)
1. bar code that is applicable to measurement, each code element all is made of a pair of light and shade striped, the light and shade sequence consensus, it is characterized in that, the width of described code element has two kinds at least, the code element of different in width is called the width sign indicating number, the dark fringe in the code element and the ratio of bright fringe have two kinds at least, the code element of different proportion is called the ratio sign indicating number, each code element has width sign indicating number and two kinds of attributes of ratio sign indicating number simultaneously, claim that this sign indicating number is a hybrid code, a set of symbols is formed in the continuous arrangement of a plurality of hybrid codes, represent a coding, a plurality of different set of symbols are arranged by the rule of agreement, constitute the bar yardstick of digital level or the bar code-disc of electronic theodolite, and the rule of this agreement guarantees that on bar code arbitrary section set of symbols does not repeat.
2. a kind of bar code that is applicable to measurement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the coding of width sign indicating number during as long distance, the ratio sign indicating number coding during as low coverage.
3. a kind of bar code that is applicable to measurement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: width sign indicating number and the part ratio sign indicating number coding during as long distance, the ratio sign indicating number has the M kind at least, M 〉=2, and c/b is divided into two classes less than R with greater than R in proportion, and the coding of ratio sign indicating number during as long distance only has two kinds, promptly, ratio c/b is less than R with greater than two kinds of R, choose R, as long as can discern a long way off, the coding when all the ratio sign indicating number is as low coverage.
4. a kind of bar code that is applicable to measurement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: ratio sign indicating number, K
iHas the M kind at least, M 〉=2, and c/b is divided into two classes less than R with greater than R in proportion, chooses R, as long as can discern this two class a long way off, the width sign indicating number has 2 kinds, as long as can discern a long way off, the coding of width sign indicating number during, the coding when selecting conditional ratio sign indicating number for use as low coverage as long distance, to first kind of width sign indicating number, only select K for use
iCoding when＜R is low coverage to second kind of width sign indicating number, is only selected K for use
iCoding when＞R is low coverage.
5. a kind of bar code that is applicable to measurement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: ratio sign indicating number, K
iHas the M kind at least, M 〉=2, and c/b is divided into two classes less than R with greater than R in proportion, chooses R, as long as can discern this two class a long way off, coding when selecting conditional ratio sign indicating number for use as long distance, the width sign indicating number has the N kind, as long as can discern on hand, the coding of width sign indicating number during as low coverage, that is, each width sign indicating number correspondence is less than R with greater than two kinds of ratio sign indicating numbers of R, M=2*N.
6. digital level is characterized in that using the spirit-leveling instrument scale of the bar code feature that meets claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5.
7. an electronic theodolite or a kind of total powerstation is characterized in that using the bar code-disc of the bar code feature that meets claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101667550A CN101871777B (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2010-05-07 | Bar code suitable for measurement and measuring instrument |
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| CN107014348A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-08-04 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of scale bar code and its coding-decoding method for ranging electronic level levelling rod |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN101871777B (en) | 2012-01-25 |
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