CN101867818A - Selection method and device of macroblock mode - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a selection method and a device of a macroblock mode. The method comprises the steps of comparing the coding costs of all coding modes of a current macroblock, determining the optimal macroblock coding mode, and adopting the pixel precision stratified selection method for part of inter-frame modes when calculating the coding costs; and a novel comparison algorithm can also be adopted when comparing the special modes-skip mode and other coding modes of the macroblock. The method can significantly reduce the computational complexity and greatly improve the computational parallelism while keeping the bit rate and the coding quality unchanged basically, thereby being applicable to real-time software and hardware video coding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of video coding, especially, relate to the fast selecting method and the device of the Macroblock Mode Selection of video compression coding.
Background technology
In each video encoding standard, as H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding), AVS (the advanced audio frequency and video coding standard of AudioVideo coding Standard) has all stipulated code flow structure and decode procedure, but does not describe concrete coding method.And model selection is the core technology in the video coding, is the focus of academic research therefore.
Because most coding standard all is that the employing macro block is the coded system of base unit, selects so model selection is based on the macroblock encoding pattern.From existing technology model selection all are coding cost functions between each pattern of comparison, and the pattern of selecting coding cost function minimum is the final pattern of current macro.The cost function of coding is that the rate distortion costs (RDCost:Rate-Distortion cost) of corresponding coding mode is because the calculating of rate distortion costs is very complicated when adopting rate-distortion optimization (RDO:Rate-Distortion-Optimization), so someone has proposed the method for other calculation cost function, but amount of calculation is still very big, particularly when the estimation precision was higher, the complexity of the disposable estimation of taking exercises under high accuracy was very high.And, for example skip (SKIP) pattern for special pattern, and all do not utilize cost function to compare calculating in the fast algorithm of model selection, can greatly reduce the accuracy of model selection like this.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, the fast selecting method and the device of macro block mode is provided.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of system of selection of macro block mode, the coding cost of the first kind inter-frame mode under the relatively lower earlier precision estimation, select the selection result of the pattern of coding cost optimum, again the pattern of selecting is carried out high-precision estimation and estimate the coding cost of the optimum of this pattern down to obtain high-precision motion as first kind inter-frame mode.This coding cost compares to select the more excellent pattern of coding cost with the frame mode of optimum and the coding cost of the second class inter-frame mode of optimum again.The first kind inter-frame mode here refers to the interframe encoding mode that need carry out motion search, the second class inter-frame mode refers to the interframe encoding mode that does not need to carry out motion search, and more excellent coding mode refers to the coding mode that the coding cost is less or other judgment criteria that combines with coding cost size selects.
A kind of device that is used for the system of selection of described macro block mode.It comprises: low precision pixels first kind inter-frame mode selector, high accuracy pixel motion estimator, frame mode selector, the second class inter-frame mode selector and mode adjudging device.Wherein, the input of the output termination high accuracy pixel motion estimator of low precision pixels first kind inter-frame mode selector, macroblock encoding cost under the coding mode of optimum and this coding mode in the output first kind inter-frame mode.The output termination mode adjudging device of high accuracy pixel motion estimator, macroblock encoding cost under this coding mode after pattern that output is corresponding and high-precision motion are estimated.The output termination mode adjudging device of frame mode selector, macroblock encoding cost under the frame mode that output is optimum and this coding mode.The output termination mode adjudging device of the second class inter-frame mode selector is exported in the second class inter-frame mode, macroblock encoding cost under optimum coding mode and this coding mode.An input termination high accuracy pixel motion estimator of mode adjudging device, an input termination frame mode selector also has input termination second a class inter-frame mode selector, optimum pattern in the pattern of three inputs of output.
A kind of system of selection of macro block mode, SKIP pattern to macro block adopts the threshold judgement of prediction residue block order of magnitude to select with the method that the coding cost function relatively combines, promptly under the SKIP pattern absolute value of prediction residue block less than one with thresholding by the decision of macroblock quantization parameter size, and the coding cost of SKIP current macro selection SKIP pattern when being better than the coding cost of optimization model in other pattern except that the SKIP pattern; Otherwise, optimum coding mode in current macro selection other pattern except that the SKIP pattern.Here more excellent coding mode refers to the coding mode that the coding cost is less or other judgment criteria that combines with coding cost size selects.
A kind of device that is used for the system of selection of above-mentioned macro block mode, it comprises the residual absolute value comparator, the first coding cost calculator, the second coding cost calculator, mode selector.Wherein, whether the output termination mode selector of residual absolute value comparator, output residual absolute value be greater than the signal of thresholding.First the coding cost calculator output termination mode selector, output except that the SKIP pattern in other pattern the optimum pattern and this pattern under the macroblock encoding cost.The output termination mode selector of the second coding cost calculator, the coding cost of output SKIP pattern.Three inputs of mode selector connect residual absolute value comparator, the first coding cost calculator and the second coding cost calculator respectively.The final selected coding mode of output.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the present invention still can choose optimum macro-block coding pattern exactly under the condition that has greatly reduced computation complexity, simultaneously to the meticulous judgement of SKIP pattern, improved the accuracy of the selection of SKIP pattern.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of choice device of the macro block mode of the embodiment of the invention 4;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of choice device of the macro block mode of the embodiment of the invention 5;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of choice device of the macro block mode of the embodiment of the invention 6.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings below, it is more obvious that purpose of the present invention and effect will become.
Technical scheme of the present invention mainly is to select the coding mode of coding cost minimum to obtain the raising of video coding system coding efficiency between each pattern according to the coding cost function.
Be specific implementation method of the present invention below:
Embodiment 1:
With the AVS standard is example, and in the AVS standard, macro block mode is divided into interframe encoding mode and intra-frame encoding mode two big classes.Interframe encoding mode can be divided into 16 * 16 according to the size of sub-piece again, and 16 * 8,8 * 16,8 * 8 patterns, in addition, also there is special coding mode in interframe, as the SKIP pattern in the P band, SKIP among the B and DIRECT pattern.Intra-frame encoding mode is to carry out predictive coding according to 8 * 8 size, and one co-exists in 5 kinds of intra-frame encoding modes: horizontal pattern, vertical pattern, bottom right pattern, lower-left pattern, DC pattern.For each macro block, need in these coding modes, select a high pattern of code efficiency to encode.Be to be the system of selection of the described macro block mode of example explanation claim 1 with the Macroblock Mode Selection in the B band in the AVS standard below.
Concrete implementation step is as follows:
Cost_inter_int＝SAD_int+λ×(mode_bits+motion_bits)
Wherein SAD_int be the residual block behind the whole pixel precision motion search under the present mode absolute value and, mode_bits is the bit number that the pattern information of this pattern is transmitted in code stream to be needed, motion_bits is the bit number that motion vector transmits in code stream to be needed, λ gets 0.67 * QP, and QP refers to the quantization parameter of current macro here.
Step 2, the coding cost of the pattern that calculation procedure 1 is selected behind 1/4 pixel precision motion search
minCost_inter_qua＝min_SAD_qua+λ×(mode_bits+motion_bits)
Wherein min_SAD_qua be the pattern selected in the step 1 residual block after the search of 1/4 pixel motion absolute value and, mode_bits is the bit number that this pattern is transmitted in code stream to be needed, motion_bits is the bit number that motion vector transmits in code stream to be needed, λ gets 0.67 * QP, and QP refers to the quantization parameter of current macro here.
Step 3 is utilized the frame mode of choosing a coding cost minimum in following five kinds of patterns of cost function in frame.The coding cost note of the macro block mode selected is made minCost_intra.
Cost_intra＝SAD_intra+λ×mode_bits+H
Wherein SAD_intra be the prediction residue block behind the infra-frame prediction under the present mode absolute value and, mode_bits be the pattern information of this pattern in code stream, transmits needs bit number.λ gets 0.67 * QP.H is the correction of cost in the frame, is taken as 18 here.
Step 4, select the coding cost of pattern in comparison step 1 and the step 3, i.e. the size of minCost_inter_qua and minCost_intra is if minCost_inter_qua is bigger, then the pattern of selecting in the step 2 is made as candidate pattern, otherwise the pattern in the step 1 is made as candidate pattern.
Step 5 compares the coding cost of the candidate pattern selected in the step 4 and the coding cost of the optimum code pattern in the interframe special pattern, and the special pattern here refers to DIRECT pattern and SKIP pattern.The pattern of choosing coding cost minimum is as the final coding mode of current macro.The coding cost of special pattern is calculated according to the methods below.
Cost_special＝SAD_special+λ×mode_bits
Wherein SAD_special be the residual block after the special pattern prediction absolute value and, mode_bits is the pattern information of this pattern is transmitted needs in code stream a bit number, λ gets 0.67 * QP, QP refers to the quantization parameter of current macro here.
Embodiment 2:
Be that system of selection with macro block mode in the P band in the AVS standard is the system of selection of the described macro block mode of example explanation claim 6 below.
Concrete implementation step is as follows:
Cost_normal＝η×num_nozero+λ×(mode_bits+motion_bits)+H
Wherein num_nozero is the number of nonzero coefficient in this macroblock prediction residual block of present mode, mode_bits is the bit number that the pattern information of this pattern is transmitted in code stream to be needed, motion_bits is the bit number that motion vector transmits in code stream to be needed, η gets 10 * QP, λ gets 0.69 * QP, and QP refers to the quantization parameter of current macro here.
Step 2 compares the candidate pattern selected in the step 1 and the coding cost of SKIP pattern, and the coding cost of SKIP pattern is calculated according to following method.
Cost_skip＝α×SAD_Skip+β×skipmode_bits
SAD_Skip be macro block residual error behind the SKIP pattern compensation absolute value and, skipmode_bits transmits the bit number that the pattern information of SKIP pattern needs in the code stream, α is taken as 0.85, β is taken as 0.62 * QP, QP refers to the quantization parameter of current macro here.
If Cost_skip is less than minCost_normal and SAD_Skip＜Th (QP), then the final coding mode of macro block is the SKIP pattern, otherwise with the pattern selected in the step 1 as the final coding mode of current macro.
Embodiment 3:
With standard H.264 is example, and in standard H.264, macro block mode is divided into interframe encoding mode and intra-frame encoding mode two big classes.Interframe encoding mode can be divided into 16 * 16 according to the size of sub-piece, 16 * 8,8 * 16 again, 8 * 8,8 * 4,4 * 8,4 * 4 patterns, in addition, also there is special coding mode in interframe, as the SKIP pattern among the P slice, and SKIP among the B and DIRECT pattern, the DIRECT pattern is divided into space DIRECT pattern, time D IRECT pattern again.Intra-frame encoding mode is divided into 16 * 16 and 4 * 4 liang of classes.Wherein 16 * 16 exist 4 kinds of patterns: vertical mode, horizontal pattern, DC pattern, plane mode; 4 * 4 exist 9 kinds of intra-frame encoding modes: horizontal pattern, vertical pattern, bottom right pattern, lower-left pattern, DC pattern, bottom left diagonal model, bottom right diagonal model, right vertical mode, following horizontal pattern, left vertical mode, last horizontal pattern.For each macro block, need in these coding modes, select a high pattern of code efficiency to encode.Be to be the system of selection of the described macro block mode of example explanation claim 9 with the model selection in the B band in the standard H.264 below.
Concrete implementation step is as follows:
Cost_inter_int4＝SATD_int+λ×(mode_bits+motion_bits)
Wherein SATD_int4 be after the hada conversion of the residual block behind the following 4 times of whole pixel precision motion search of present mode absolute value and, mode_bits is the bit number that this pattern is transmitted in code stream to be needed, motion_bits is the bit number that motion vector transmits in code stream to be needed, λ gets 0.68 * QP, and QP refers to the quantization parameter of current macro here.
Step 2, the coding cost of the pattern that calculation procedure 1 is selected behind whole pixel precision motion search
minCost_inter_int＝SATD_int+λ×(mode_bits+motion_bits)
Wherein SATD_int be the pattern selected in the step 1 after the hada conversion of the residual block behind the whole pixel precision motion search absolute value and, mode_bits is the bit number that the pattern information of this pattern is transmitted in code stream to be needed, motion_bits is the bit number that motion vector transmits in code stream to be needed, λ gets 0.68 * QP, and QP refers to the quantization parameter of current macro here.
Step 3 is utilized the frame mode of choosing a coding cost minimum in following 9 kinds of patterns of cost function in frame.The coding cost note of the macro block mode selected is made minCost_intra.
Cost_intra＝SATD_intra+λ×mode_bits+H
Wherein SATD_intra be after the hada conversion of the residual block behind the infra-frame prediction under the present mode absolute value and, mode_bits is the bit number that the pattern information of this pattern is transmitted in code stream to be needed, λ gets 0.68 * QP, here QP refers to the quantization parameter of current macro, H is the correction of cost in the frame, is taken as 20.
Step 4, select the coding cost of pattern in comparison step 1 and the step 3, i.e. the size of minCost_inter_int and minCost_intra is if minCost_inter_int is bigger, then the pattern of selecting in the step 3 is made as candidate pattern, otherwise the pattern in the step 1 is made as candidate pattern.
Step 5 compares the candidate pattern selected in the step 4 coding cost with optimum DIRECT pattern, chooses the less pattern of coding cost as new candidate pattern.If the coding cost of the pattern that select this moment is minCost_normal.The DIRECT pattern comprises time D IRECT pattern and space DIRECT pattern, and their coding cost is all calculated according to the methods below.
Cost_direct＝SATD_direct+λ×mode_bits
Wherein SATD_direct be after the hada conversion of the residual block behind the DIRECT model prediction absolute value and, mode_bits is that the pattern information of DIRECT pattern needs the bit number that transmits in code stream, λ gets 0.68 * QP, and QP refers to the quantization parameter of current macro here.
Step 6 compares the candidate pattern selected in the step 5 and the coding cost of SKIP pattern, and the coding cost of SKIP pattern is calculated according to following method.
Cost_skip＝α×SAD_Skip+β×skipmode_bits
SAD_Skip be macro block residual error behind the SKIP pattern compensation absolute value and, skipmode_bits is that the SKIP pattern needs the bit number that transmits in code stream, α is taken as 0.8, β is taken as 0.63 * QP, QP refers to the quantization parameter of current macro here.
If Cost_skip is less than minCost_normal and SAD_Skip＜Th (QP), then the final coding mode of macro block is the SKIP pattern, otherwise with the pattern selected in the step 5 as the final coding mode of current macro.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of device of fast selecting method of macro block mode, as shown in Figure 1.This device is realized according to embodiment 1 described mode selecting method, is specifically comprised: whole pixel precision first kind inter-frame mode selector, 1/4 pixel precision exercise estimator, frame mode selector, mode adjudging device, the second class inter-frame mode selector.
1) the output termination 1/4 pixel precision exercise estimator of whole pixel precision first kind inter-frame mode selector, macroblock encoding cost under the coding mode of optimum and this coding mode in the output first kind inter-frame mode.The first kind inter-frame mode here refers to 16 * 16, and 16 * 8,8 * 16,8 * 8 macro-block coding patterns.
2) the whole pixel precision first kind inter-frame mode selector of the input termination of 1/4 pixel precision exercise estimator, output termination mode adjudging device, macroblock encoding cost under this coding mode after pattern that output is corresponding and the 1/4 pixel precision estimation.
3) the output termination mode adjudging device of frame mode selector is exported macroblock encoding cost under pattern optimum in five kinds of frame modes and this coding mode.
4) the output termination mode adjudging device of the second class inter-frame mode selector is exported coding mode optimum in the second class inter-frame mode and the macroblock coding cost under this coding mode.The second class inter-frame mode here refers to SKIP pattern and DIRECT pattern.
5) the mode adjudging device input termination 1/4 pixel precision exercise estimator, an input termination frame mode selector also has input termination second a class inter-frame mode selector, optimum pattern in the pattern of three inputs of output.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of device of fast selecting method of macro block mode, as shown in Figure 2.This device is realized according to embodiment 2 described mode selecting methods, specifically comprises the residual absolute value comparator, the first coding cost calculator, the second coding cost calculator, mode selector.
Whether 1) the output termination mode selector of residual absolute value comparator, output residual absolute value SAD_Skip be greater than the signal of thresholding Th (QP).
2) first the coding cost calculator output termination mode selector, output except that the SKIP pattern in other pattern the optimum pattern and this pattern under the macroblock encoding cost.
3) the output termination mode selector of the second coding cost calculator, the coding cost of output SKIP pattern.
4) three of mode selector inputs connect three modules of face respectively, residual absolute value comparator, the first coding cost calculator, the second coding cost calculator.The final coding mode of determining of output.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of device of fast selecting method of macro block mode, as shown in Figure 3.This device is realized according to embodiment 3 described mode selecting methods, specifically comprise: 4 times of whole pixel precision first kind inter-frame mode selectors, whole pixel precision exercise estimator, the frame mode selector, the first mode adjudging device, the second class inter-frame mode selector, the second mode adjudging device, SKIP mode computation device.
1) the whole pixel precision exercise estimator of the output termination of 4 times of whole pixel precision first kind inter-frame mode selectors, macroblock encoding cost under the coding mode of optimum and this coding mode in the output first kind interframe encoding mode.The first kind inter-frame mode here refers to 16 * 16, and 16 * 8,8 * 16,8 * 8,8 * 4,4 * 8,4 * 4 macro-block coding patterns.
2) 4 times of whole pixel precision first kind inter-frame mode selectors of input termination portion of whole pixel precision exercise estimator, the output termination first mode adjudging device, macroblock encoding cost under this coding mode after pattern that output is corresponding and high-precision motion are estimated.
3) the output termination first mode adjudging device of frame mode selector, macroblock encoding cost under the pattern of optimum and this coding mode in output 16 * 16 and 4 * 4 frame modes.
4) the output termination first mode adjudging device of the second class inter-frame mode selector is exported coding mode optimum in the second class inter-frame mode and the macroblock coding cost under this coding mode.The second class inter-frame mode here refers to space DIRECT pattern and time D IRECT pattern.
5) the first mode adjudging device whole pixel precision exercise estimator of input termination, an input termination frame mode selector, also has input termination second a class inter-frame mode selector, the output termination second mode adjudging device, macroblock encoding cost under the pattern of optimum and this coding mode in the pattern of three inputs of output.
6) the output termination second mode adjudging device of SKIP mode computation device, the macroblock coding cost under output SKIP pattern and the SKIP pattern.
7) the second mode adjudging device input termination first mode adjudging device, another input termination SKIP mode computation device is exported more excellent coding mode in two input coding patterns.
Claims (5)
1. the system of selection of a macro block mode, it is characterized in that, this method is: the SKIP pattern to macro block adopts the threshold judgement of prediction residue block order of magnitude to select with the method that the coding cost function relatively combines, promptly under the SKIP pattern absolute value of prediction residue block less than one with thresholding by the decision of macroblock quantization parameter size, and the coding cost of SKIP current macro selection SKIP pattern when being better than the coding cost of optimization model in other pattern except that the SKIP pattern; Otherwise, optimum coding mode in current macro selection other pattern except that the SKIP pattern.Here more excellent coding mode refers to the coding mode that the coding cost is less or other judgment criteria that combines with coding cost size selects.
2. the system of selection of macro block mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the computational methods below the coding cost adopts obtain:
The coding cost of other pattern except that the SKIP pattern is adopted in the following method and is calculated:
Cost＝C1+λ×C2+T1；
Wherein, C1 is a parameter of weighing the similarity between the predicted pixel values of macro block under the pixel value of current macro and the present mode, C1 is a nonnegative number, and high more C1 is more little for similarity, and C1 equals zero when the pixel of predicted macroblock under the pixel value of current macro and the present mode is identical; λ is a nonnegative number; C2 is a parameter of describing current macro other number of coded bits size except that quantization parameter; T1 is non-negative constant.The coding cost of SKIP pattern is adopted in the following method and is calculated:
Cost＝α×C3+β×C4+T2；
Wherein, C3 is a parameter of weighing the similarity between the predicted pixel values of the pixel value of current macro and SKIP schema reference macro block, C3 is a nonnegative number, and high more C3 is more little for similarity, and C1 equals zero when the predict pixel of macro block under the pixel value of current macro and the SKIP pattern is identical; α, β are nonnegative numbers; C4 is a parameter of describing current macro other number of coded bits size except that quantization parameter; T2 is non-negative constant.
3. device that is used for the system of selection of the described macro block mode of claim 1.It is characterized in that it comprises the residual absolute value comparator, the first coding cost calculator, the second coding cost calculator, mode selector.Wherein,
Whether the output termination mode selector of residual absolute value comparator, output residual absolute value be greater than the signal of thresholding.
First the coding cost calculator output termination mode selector, output except that the SKIP pattern in other pattern the optimum pattern and this pattern under the macroblock encoding cost.
The output termination mode selector of the second coding cost calculator, the coding cost of output SKIP pattern.
Three inputs of mode selector connect residual absolute value comparator, the first coding cost calculator and the second coding cost calculator respectively.The final selected coding mode of output.
4. the system of selection of a macro block mode.It is characterized in that comprise the system of selection of claim 1 and the described macro block mode of claim 6, the system of selection of this macro block mode may further comprise the steps:
1) method that adopts the pixel precision layering to select to first kind inter-frame mode is selected optimum first kind inter-frame mode, relatively selects the more excellent pattern of coding cost with the frame mode of optimum with the coding cost of the second class inter-frame mode of optimum again.
2) pattern in the step 1) and SKIP pattern are compared, select optimum coding mode.The method that the threshold judgement that adopts the prediction residue block order of magnitude during selection and the cost function of encoding relatively combine.
The first kind inter-frame mode here is meant the interframe encoding mode that need carry out motion search, the second class inter-frame mode refers to the interframe encoding mode that does not need to carry out motion search, and more excellent coding mode is to refer to the coding mode that the coding cost is less or other judgment criteria that combines with coding cost size selects.
5. device that is used for the system of selection of the described macro block mode of claim 9.It is characterized in that it comprises: low precision pixels first kind inter-frame mode selector, high accuracy pixel motion estimator, frame mode selector, the first mode adjudging device, the second class inter-frame mode selector, SKIP mode computation device, the second mode adjudging device.Wherein,
The output termination high accuracy pixel motion estimator of low precision pixels first kind inter-frame mode selector, macroblock encoding cost under the coding mode of optimum and this coding mode in the output first kind inter-frame mode.
The input termination of high accuracy pixel motion estimator is hanged down precision pixels first kind inter-frame mode selector, output termination mode adjudging device, macroblock encoding cost under this coding mode after exporting corresponding pattern and high-precision motion and estimating.
The output termination first mode adjudging device of frame mode selector, macroblock encoding cost under the frame mode that output is optimum and this coding mode.
The output termination first mode adjudging device of the second class inter-frame mode selector is exported coding mode optimum in the second class inter-frame mode and the macroblock coding cost under this coding mode.
An input termination high accuracy pixel motion estimator of the first mode adjudging device, an input termination frame mode selector, also has input termination second a class inter-frame mode selector, the output termination second mode adjudging device, macroblock encoding cost under the pattern of optimum and this coding mode in the pattern of three inputs of output.
The output termination second mode adjudging device of SKIP mode computation device, the macroblock encoding cost under output SKIP pattern and the SKIP pattern.
Input termination first a mode adjudging device of the second mode adjudging device, another input termination SKIP mode computation device is exported more excellent coding mode in two input coding patterns.
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| CN102065298A (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2011-05-18 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-performance macroblock coding implementation method |
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| CN100594730C (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2010-03-17 | 汤姆森许可贸易公司 | Fast mode-decision encoding method for interframes and apparatus thereof |
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