CN101855431B - 能用不同类型的液体燃料工作的内燃机 - Google Patents
能用不同类型的液体燃料工作的内燃机 Download PDFInfo
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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Abstract
内燃机(10),能用不同类型的液体燃料(33)工作,该内燃机具有一个能测定所述液体燃料(33)的当前类型的装置(40)。本发明提出,设有至少两个不同的路径(46,48),在这些路径上所述液体燃料(33)能到达所述内燃机的燃烧室(14)中,所述内燃机包括一个控制及调节装置(54),该控制及调节装置根据所述液体燃料(33)的被测得的类型来控制及调节所述不同的路径(46,48)的使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的能用不同类型的液体燃料工作的内燃机,这些液体燃料尤其包括乙醇、甲醇及汽油,及涉及根据并列独立权利要求的前序部分的用于使这种内燃机工作的方法。
背景技术
由市场已公知了所谓的“弹性燃料喷射***”。这种喷射***允许机动车油箱既加乙醇、甲醇也加汽油。借助传感器或模型可识别油箱中的相应燃料组分。与此相应地由一个控制及调节装置来控制内燃机的工作,例如通过点火时刻、喷射时刻及喷射量的专门调节来适配内燃机的工作。在弹性燃料喷射***中仅使用单个油箱,在该油箱中仅储存燃料类型乙醇、甲醇及汽油之一或以任意的混合比储存。当这里及以下说到液体燃料的不同类型时,既指不同的燃料也指不同的燃料混合物。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,提出开始部分所述类型的一种内燃机及用于其工作的方法,以致相对现有的内燃机可得到排放特性及消耗特性的改善。
该任务将通过具有权利要求1的特征的内燃机及通过具有并列独立权利要求的特征的方法来解决。此外其有利的进一步构型给出在从属权利要求中。对于本发明重要的特征还可在以下的说明及附图中得到,其中这些特征既可单独地也可组合地作为本发明的实质,而对此无需明确地指出。
不同类型的液体燃料的区别主要在于能含量。故为了使内燃机可输出一定的转矩,对于一种类型的液体燃料必需在每个工作循环中比另一类型的液体燃料有更多的量到达燃烧室中。在根据本发明的内燃机上所需燃料分配在两个不同的路径上,在这两个路径上液体燃料可达到内燃机的燃烧室中,以致总地可最佳地满足燃料的总需要量,由此可产生所需的转矩。在此情况下燃料在两个路径上这样地进行分配,以使得排放及燃料的消耗达到最佳。
通过提供了两个不同的路径,则可毫无问题地提供附加所需的燃料,例如在用具有相对小的能含量的甲醇或乙醇工作时。因此两个路径均不用针对特别高的最大喷射量来设计,否则会对小喷射量的定量精度产生负面影响。这也同样适用于相应燃料泵的输送率。因此这可针对特别关键的冷起动情况来设计,以使得内燃机的起动特性也得以改善。
在根据本发明的内燃机的第一进一步构型中提出:液体燃料可到达燃烧室的第一路径包括至少一个第一喷射器,该第一喷射器将液体燃料直接地喷射到燃烧室中;液体燃料可到达燃烧室的第二路径包括至少一个第二喷射器,该第二喷射器将燃料喷射到一个吸气管中。因此在该进一步构型中,将直接喷射与吸气管喷射相组合。因此可使用在直喷方面公知的使排放优化的措施:例如将喷射划分成不同的部分喷射(预喷射,主喷射及后喷射)的可能性,喷射开始时间点的调节和/或喷射压力的变化的调节。而吸气管喷射在内燃机部分负载及小转速高负载时提供了优点及扩大了催化器加热的可能性。此外也可在现有的内燃机方案上添加附加的吸气管喷射,而无需复杂及高成本地改变内燃机。甚至可考虑在已有的内燃机上加装这种附加的吸气管喷射及因此使其能适用于弹性燃料。
因而由于本发明既不要求加大直喷***的高压泵,使燃料直接喷射到燃烧室中的喷射器也不必针对提高的流量来设计(针对提高的流量来设计会对小喷射量的定量有负面影响及需要提高控制喷射器的未级的功率),而且也不需要增大高压燃料存储器(“轨”),而增大高压燃料存储器在压力建立时、主要在高压起动时将会导致问题。附加的吸气管喷射可被实现,其方式是仅装设一个第二低压喷射器及一个相应的燃料分配器。所有用于吸气管喷射所需的部件在使用直喷的内燃机已经存在。
在此情况下,可对导入燃烧室的每个吸气管分别配置至少一个第二喷射器。这相应于汽缸的个别喷射,正如现在通用的吸气管喷射***(“SRE”)中所惯用的。因此可实现内燃机特别运行平稳的及排放小的运行。所述至少一个第二喷射器也可配置给一个吸气总管,该吸气总管配置给多个燃烧室,这可成本上有利地实现。
第一路径(直接喷射到燃烧室中)优选被设计来主要用于喷射至少基本上纯的汽油。在实践中在弹性燃料***上汽油可能是主要的使用燃料,这在内燃机的大部分工作状况中有助于其最佳地工作。因此将液体燃料喷射到吸气管中的***主要针对对乙醇、甲醇及由汽油、乙醇及甲醇组成的混合物的附加的燃料需要量。
此外有利的是:控制及调节装置附加地根据内燃机的至少一个另外的工作参数来控制或调节这些不同的路径的使用。因此存在两个不同的路径的优点例如可用于内燃机的不同工作状态,如上述的在内燃机的部分负载及小转速高负载的情况下混合物制备的改善,以及扩展的催化器加热措施。
附图说明
以下将参照附图来详细地描述本发明的实施形式。附图中表示:
图1:内燃机的第一实施形式的概要视图;
图2:用于使图1的内燃机工作的方法的流程图;
图3:内燃机的第二实施形式的简化的概要视图。
具体实施方式
图1中总地用标号10来指示一个内燃机。该内燃机包括多个汽缸,这些汽缸基本上结构相同,但在图1中仅示范地表示出其中的一个汽缸,该汽缸由标号12指示。汽缸12设有一个燃烧室14,该燃烧室由一个活塞16限定。该活塞与一个仅概要表示的曲轴18连接。
新鲜空气通过一个进入阀20及一个吸气管22输入到燃烧室14中,而燃烧的废气通过一个排出阀24及一个废气管26排出。在吸气管中设有一个节流阀门28,在废气管26中设有一个预催化器30及一个主催化器32。
内燃机10可用不同类型的液体燃料工作,例如用乙醇、甲醇、汽油及这些组分的任意混合物工作。液体燃料33被储备在一个燃料箱34中,借助一个低压泵36使燃料由该燃料箱输送到一个低压管路38中。由一个传感器40来检测液体燃料33的当前类型。在一个未示出的实施形式中通过内燃机的特性借助一个模型来测定燃料的当前类型。在低压管路38上一方面连接了一个高压泵42,该高压泵将燃料33输送到一个压力存储器44(“轨”)中。在该压力存储器上连接着一个第一喷射器46,它将燃料33直接喷射到燃烧室14中。
在低压管路38上还直接连接了一个第二喷射器48,它将燃料33在进入阀20的紧前面喷射到配置给该燃烧室14的吸气管22中。因此第一喷射器46属于液体燃料33可到达燃烧室14的第一路径,第二喷射器48属于液体燃料33可到达燃烧室14的第二路径。第一路径相应于以“汽油直喷”所公知的原理,第二路径则相应于以“吸气管喷射”所公知的原理。喷射到燃烧室14中的燃料33将由火花塞50点燃,该火花塞与点燃***52连接。
内燃机10的工作将由一个控制及调节装置54来控制及调节。该控制及调节装置接收来自不同传感器的信号,故也接收来自检测或测定液体燃料33的类型的传感器40的信号。此外,控制及调节装置54接收来自检测吸气管22中流过的空气量的HFM传感器56的信号及接收来自压力传感器58的信号,该压力传感器检测吸气管22中节流阀门28下游具有的压力。转速传感器60将与曲轴18的转速相应的信号传送给控制及调节装置54,两个分别设置在催化器30及32前面的Lambda传感器62及64也传送相应的信号。此外出于图示原因未示出汽缸12上的一个温度传感器及一个爆震传感器及轨44上的一个压力传感器。
内燃机10如下地工作(参见图2):在框66中启动后,在框68中由控制及调节装置54基于传感器40的信号测定当前使用的液体燃料33的类型。这里该液体燃料可涉及汽油,乙醇,甲醇或这些物质的任意组合。同时在框70中测定或检测内燃机10的当前工作状况。这样的工作状况例如为内燃机10的起动,或工作状况可简单地通过所需的负荷或所需的转矩及当前的转速来确定。在框72中将由控制及调节装置54确定:在两个喷射器46及48上应如何分配对于当前工作状况所需的燃料量。该分配、即两个喷射器46及48的使用一方面根据测定的液体燃料33的类型及另一方面根据当前的工作状况来实现,而当前的工作状况则通过内燃机10的各个当前的及所需的工作参数来确定。在框74及76中将根据在框72中确定的分配来控制喷射器46及48。该方法结束于框80。
图3中表示内燃机10的变换实施形式的一个区域。这里与图1中所示内燃机10的单元及区域的功能等同的那些单元及区域使用相同的标号及不再详细地描述。
图3中所示的内燃机10与图1的内燃机的区别在于:不是配置给燃烧室14的每个吸气管22各具有一个第二喷射器,而是在这些吸气管22的上游所设的吸气总管80中设有单一一个第二喷射器48。
Claims (11)
1.内燃机(10),能用不同类型的液体燃料(33)工作,该内燃机具有一个能测定所述液体燃料(33)的当前类型的装置(40),其特征在于:设有至少两个不同的路径(46,48),在这些路径上所述液体燃料(33)能到达所述内燃机(10)的燃烧室(14)中,所述内燃机包括一个控制及调节装置(54),该控制及调节装置根据所述液体燃料(33)的被测得的类型来控制或调节所述不同的路径(46,48)的使用。
2.根据权利要求1的内燃机(10),其特征在于:在其上所述液体燃料(33)能到达所述燃烧室(14)中的第一路径包括至少一个第一喷射器(46),该第一喷射器将所述液体燃料(33)直接地喷射到所述燃烧室(14)中;在其上所述液体燃料(33)能到达所述燃烧室(14)中的第二路径包括至少一个第二喷射器(48),该第二喷射器将所述液体燃料喷射到一个吸气管(22;80)中。
3.根据权利要求2的内燃机(10),其特征在于:对每个导向所述燃烧室(14)的吸气管(22)各配置了至少一个第二喷射器(48)。
4.根据权利要求2或3的内燃机,其特征在于:对一个吸气总管(80)配置了至少一个第二喷射器(48),该吸气总管配置给多个燃烧室(14)。
5.根据权利要求2或3的内燃机(10),其特征在于:所述第一路径(46)被设计来主要用于喷射至少基本上纯的汽油。
6.根据权利要求1至3之一的内燃机(10),其特征在于:所述控制及调节装置(54)附加地根据所述内燃机(10)的至少一个另外的工作参数来控制或调节所述不同的路径(46,48)的使用。
7.根据权利要求2或3的内燃机(10),其特征在于:所述第二喷射器(48)被连接在燃料管路的一个区域(38)上,该区域位于高压泵(42)的上游,所述第一喷射器(46)连接在所述燃料管路的一个区域(44)上,该区域位于所述高压泵(42)的下游。
8.根据权利要求1至3之一的内燃机(10),其特征在于:所述液体燃料包括乙醇、甲醇及汽油。
9.用于使内燃机(10)用不同类型的液体燃料(33)工作的方法,在该方法中,测定所述液体燃料(33)的当前类型,其特征在于:所述液体燃料(33)能在不同的路径(46,48)上到达所述内燃机(10)的燃烧室(14)中,根据所述液体燃料(33)的测得的类型来使用这些不同的路径(46,48)。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其特征在于:所述燃料(33)既能直接地喷射到所述燃烧室(14)中也能喷射到吸气管(22;80)中。
11.根据权利要求9或10的方法,其特征在于:所述液体燃料包括乙醇、甲醇及汽油。
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PCT/EP2008/063603 WO2009062795A1 (de) | 2007-11-12 | 2008-10-10 | Brennkraftmaschine, die mit unterschiedlichen typen von flüssigem kraftstoff betrieben werden kann |
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US8534263B2 (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2013-09-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Bi-fuel engine including system and method for reducing component temperature |
CN102155307A (zh) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-08-17 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | 一种双燃料发动机燃烧***及其控制方法 |
CN102588124B (zh) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-12-25 | 武汉市菱电汽车电子有限责任公司 | 基于单油轨和单套喷油器的汽车双燃料供给*** |
US8997714B2 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2015-04-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method for operating a direct fuel injector |
US9702307B2 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2017-07-11 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method for controlling fuel pressure for a LPG engine |
CN107917240A (zh) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-04-17 | 李丽容 | 一种油气两用化油器的燃料转换装置 |
JP6344436B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-06-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の点火時期制御装置 |
CN106499546A (zh) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-03-15 | 重庆金之川动力机械有限公司 | 一种清洁能源动力***及驱动方法 |
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