CN101852284B - Method for machining bevel gear - Google Patents
Method for machining bevel gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN101852284B CN101852284B CN2010102066240A CN201010206624A CN101852284B CN 101852284 B CN101852284 B CN 101852284B CN 2010102066240 A CN2010102066240 A CN 2010102066240A CN 201010206624 A CN201010206624 A CN 201010206624A CN 101852284 B CN101852284 B CN 101852284B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gear and a process for machining the same, and provides a method for machining the bevel gear, which have the advantages of material saving, convenient machining and high finished product ratio. The profile surface of the bevel gear comprises a cylindrical surface of an outer circle 3 which is coaxial and crossed with a face cone 1; the diameter of the outer circle 3 is equal to that of the circle at the bottom of the face cone 1 and forms the maximum external diameter of the bevel gear; and an edge that a conical surface of the face cone 1 is crossed with the cylindrical surface of the outer circle 3 forms a big-end top circle of the bevel gear. The machining method comprises the following steps of: 1) forging or casting a gear blank in a shape matched with that of the bevel gear; 2) fixing the gear blank to a machine tool by the cylindrical surface of the gear blank corresponding to the outer circle; 3) turning profile surface of the bevel gear which is opposite to the face cone and is positioned on the other side of the outer circle; 4) turning an axial hole on the bevel gear; 5) disassembling and overturning the gear blank and fixing the gear blank to the machine tool again through the axial hole; 6) turning the face cone of the bevel gear, round transition of the face cone and the outer circle, and the outer circle sequentially; ) forming the gear; and 8) performing thermal treatment. The bevel gear and the method are suitable for various bevel gears and the machining thereof.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gear and processing technology thereof, especially the processing method of bevel gear.
Background technique
Bevel gear is used to transmit the motion and the power of two crossing uranium, and its transmission can be regarded the cone of two vertex of a cone concurrents as and make pure rolling each other.According to the size of gear, the difference of Environmental Conditions, can be forms such as solid formula, spoke-type, web-type; Axis hole can be concordant with the bevel gear two ends, also can be along bevel gear shaft to the axis hole prolonged section is set.Bevel gear is directly proportional with its distance apart from the vertex of a cone along the flank profil size of facewidth direction, and a big end is a small end for big end, a little end.The structural parameter of bevel gear comprise addendum cone, calibration circular cone, back cone, inner cone etc., and wherein addendum cone is claimed face cone again, and constitutes Topland by the face cone conical surface.
With the spur bevel gear is example, and bevel gear is when design, and its tooth curve is the spherical involute in space, because sphere can't expand into the plane, makes troubles to designing and calculating and manufacturing.Introduced this structure of back cone for this reason, specifically, crossed the big end terminal A of calibration element of cone and make straight line perpendicular to the calibration element of cone; This straight line and standard pitch circle axis of cone line intersect at an O; With standard pitch circle axis of cone line is axis, and OA is that bus is made circular cone, and this circular cone is back cone.Back cone element and sphere are cut on the standard pitch circle of the big end of bevel gear, and join with the right angle with the calibration element of cone.Near above-mentioned some A, the back cone conical surface and sphere are very approaching, and the ratio of pitch cone radius and big end modulus is big more, and both are approaching more, promptly the profile of tooth of back cone and big end sphere because of shape approaching more.Therefore according to the constructive accounting of design handbook and textbook, replace holding greatly the theoretical profile of tooth on the sphere with the profile of tooth on the back cone approx usually, back cone can be launched into the plane, thereby has solved the problem that manufactures and designs of bevel gear.
The inner cone and the face cone vertex of a cone intersect towards opposite, the conical surface, and the setting of inner cone then is for fear of interfering each other between intermeshing two bevel gears, dodge the space for the small end of the bevel gear of matching provides.
Therefore; Accordingly; The outer surface of bevel gear comprises the face cone conical surface, the back cone conical surface, the inner cone conical surface, and the seamed edge that the face cone conical surface and the back cone conical surface intersect and intersect constitutes the big end tooth tip circle of bevel gear, and the seamed edge that the face cone conical surface and the inner cone conical surface intersect and intersect constitutes the small end top circle of bevel gear.
Existing cone gear is except a small amount of miniature gear; As with gear shaft be the bevel gear of one; Can adopt beyond the finish forge moulding, usually through casting, forge and form the tooth base, the outer surface through the turning machining of bevel gears then; Accomplish outer surface processing back and accomplish the tooth moulding, after heat treatment accomplish Gear Processing at last through methods such as gear shaping, mill teeths.
Because the face cone conical surface, the back cone conical surface are the inclined-plane, in course of working, can't can only pass through the axis hole stationary positioned, and, the cylindrical locating face need be provided then as locating face in order to process axis hole, therefore existing tooth base crude green body is generally annulus or disk.With automobile differential driven wheel of differential as shown in Figure 1 is example, and concrete process step is: 1) external cylindrical surface through circular tooth base is fixed in lathe with the tooth base, then axletree hole and ear end face; 2) unload the lower tooth base and the tooth base that overturns, the external cylindrical surface through the tooth base is fixed in lathe with the tooth base, the car inner cone again then; 3) unload the lower tooth base, the tooth base is retightened in lathe, the back frame awl through axis hole; 4) unload the lower tooth base and the tooth base that overturns, through axis hole the tooth base is fixed in lathe again then, the car face cone; 5) tooth moulding; 6) heat treatment.
In the turning course of working of above-mentioned outer surface, each step all need be fixed, locate the tooth base, so step is many, complex operation.The tooth base because the processing of face cone, back cone need be overturn, big end tooth tip circle place is the terminal point intersection of twice processing, can't in turning process, form arc transition at big end tooth tip circle place; Inner cone takes shape in before the face cone, because the tool angle problem also can't form arc transition during the face cone moulding simultaneously at small end top circle place.Therefore after face cone formed, large and small end tooth tip circle place waited the formation defective products that bursts apart owing to colliding easily in operating process, and large and small end tooth tip circle place is sharper simultaneously, scratches operator easily, especially is positioned at outermost big end tooth tip circle place.Because large and small end tooth tip circle place stress is concentrated; In follow-up tooth forming process, large and small end tooth tip circle place is easy to generate burr and the formation defective products that bursts apart equally, is unfavorable for following process; Therefore a large amount of polishing steps of doing over again that are directed against burr, burst apart in the whole machining process process of bevel gear, have also been increased usually; Though can eliminate the part defective products through polishing, polishing simultaneously forms burr, the use of cone of influence gear easily at small end top circle place.Therefore, the yield rate of existing bevel gear is usually less than 80%.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of processing method of saving material, easy to process, bevel gear that yield rate is high.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: bevel gear; Its outer surface comprises the conical surface of face cone through the turning moulding; Said outer surface also comprises the cylinder with the coaxial and crossing cylindrical of face cone; Said outside diameter is bored the maximum outside diameter that end circular diameter equates and constitute bevel gear with face cone, and the seamed edge that the said face cone conical surface and external cylindrical surface intersect constitutes the big end tooth tip circle of bevel gear.
This programme does not have to adopt the design of existing bevel gear back cone, has overcome the design set of bevel gear for a long time, can be described as the technological prejudice that has overcome those skilled in the art yet, and a kind of new mentality of designing is provided.The bevel gear of this programme is because the setting of cylindrical, and the volume of its finished product is greater than the existing bevel gear of same specification, therefore must think that to those skilled in the art its material consumption increases.Though finished-product volume increases to some extent, in fact because cylindrical all exists from the beginning to the end, tooth base outer surface can be processed into the shape that adapts with finished product bevel gear profile; Promptly comprise face cone, cylindrical, compared to existing circular tooth base, face cone machining allowance is little; Along the turning path, machining allowance is consistent, compares with existing triangle cutting zone; The turning circulation is few, and work efficiency is high, precision is high, and in fact its tooth base has saved wide variety of materials.And the setting through cylindrical, placing, during carrying, all can contacting, avoid the existence at sharp-pointed position through external cylindrical surface, can prevent effectively that in whole Gear Processing process bursting apart of big end tooth tip circle is bad.
In this programme, cancelled the setting of existing back cone.But further; In order to save material, convenient processing; Assurance is similar with existing bevel gear profile; Avoid changing the structures such as gear-box that match with bevel gear, said outer surface comprises the conical surface of and false back cone that the awl end relative coaxial with face cone, and the axial two ends of said external cylindrical surface are crossing with the conical surface of false back cone and face cone respectively; The chuck clamping width of the axial height of said external cylindrical surface and turning machine adapts.The false back cone here only is in order to guarantee the similar of this programme bevel gear and existing bevel gear shape, and is not Approximate Design and the manufacturing that is used for bevel gear.
Further, for fear of bursting apart to the influence of big end tooth tip circle with the lower tooth forming area, the big end tooth root of bevel gear is positioned at external cylindrical surface.
Further, said outer surface comprises the circular ear end face of normal direction and face cone parallel to an axis, and said ear end face is positioned at the opposite side of false back cone on axially mutually to foreign round, and round-corner transition is passed through in the crossing and intersection of said ear end face and the false back cone conical surface.
Bad in order further to prevent bursting apart of big end tooth tip circle place, round-corner transition is passed through in the intersection of the said face cone conical surface and external cylindrical surface.
Further; Said outer surface comprises the conical surface with the coaxial inner cone of face cone; The said inner cone and the face cone vertex of a cone be towards on the contrary, the said inner cone conical surface and the face cone conical surface intersect and the intersection through round-corner transition, the small end top circle of the seamed edge formation bevel gear that the said inner cone conical surface and the face cone conical surface intersect.
The face cone conical surface all through round-corner transition, effectively avoids the stress at large and small end tooth tip circle place to concentrate with external cylindrical surface and inner cone conical surface intersection, avoids in follow-up mill teeth process, forming the defective products that bursts apart.The setting of above-mentioned each round-corner transition simultaneously can also effectively avoid sharp-pointed position to scratch operator.
And from seeing in shape, the bevel gear of this programme can not make moderate progress to course of working, when face cone, cylindrical, false back cone are set especially at the same time.To those skilled in the art; Instruction by existing processing method and processing thought; Can think that all this cylindrical is after the processing of accomplishing face cone, false back cone, to form through polishing; Therefore the forming step that needs extra increase cylindrical must cause the increase of process step, the reduction of work efficiency.But in fact,, can adjust the order of existing process step easily, thereby improve work efficiency greatly because " back cone is vertical with pitch cone " this design criterion is avoided in the increase of cylindrical.
The processing method of bevel gear of the present invention comprises the steps: 1) outer surface of bevel gear comprise the face cone conical surface, with the cylinder of the coaxial cylindrical of face cone, the external cylindrical surface and the face cone conical surface intersect and the intersection seamed edge constitutes the big end tooth tip circle of bevel gear; Through forging or cast the tooth base that making shape and bevel gear shape adapt, the outer surface of said tooth base comprises the conical surface corresponding with the face cone conical surface and the cylinder corresponding with external cylindrical surface; 2) through cylinder corresponding in the tooth base outer surface tooth base is fixed in lathe with external cylindrical surface, and in the tooth base outer surface conical surface corresponding with the face cone conical surface towards fixed side; 3) turning moulding opposing side awl is positioned at the bevel gear outer surface of cylindrical opposite side; 4) axis hole of turning moulding bevel gear; 5) unload the lower tooth base and the tooth base that overturns, through axis hole the tooth base retightened in lathe then, and in the tooth base outer surface conical surface corresponding with the face cone conical surface towards process side; 6) round-corner transition, the external cylindrical surface of the face cone conical surface of turning moulding bevel gear, the face cone conical surface and external cylindrical surface intersection successively; 7) tooth moulding; 8) heat treatment.
Existing bevel gear processing technology must rely on tooth base external cylindrical surface location to clamp when processing axis hole, ear end face and inner cone; And existing bevel gear; Its back cone is vertical, parallel with inner cone with the pitch cone of gear, thus axis hole, ear end face and inner cone must processing back cone before processing, and processing axis hole, ear end face and inner cone office gear the two sides; Therefore the two must separate machined, and this just adds man-hour and must increase the action of a turn-over to making.In addition; Processing is during back cone, and anchor clamps need rely on a transition plane location between inner cone and the face cone, and this plane does not exist behind the processing face cone or shorten thereby can not locate with this; Therefore back cone must be processed before face cone is shaped, so increased a turn-over action herein again.
And bevel gear of the present invention is owing to avoid " back cone is vertical with pitch cone " this design criterion; The processing sequence of each constituent element of outer surface can reasonably optimizing, in the whole machining process process, only need fix twice, upset once; Step is few, simple to operate; Thereby directly reduce gear turn-over and clamping time again, greatly improve gear quality and work efficiency, can reduce and cause the bad probability that bursts apart.
When being provided with false back cone; Further; The outer surface that the relative face cone of said bevel gear is positioned at the cylindrical opposite side comprises the conical surface of false back cone, and said false back cone is coaxial and the awl end is relative with face cone, and the two ends of said external cylindrical surface are crossing with the conical surface of false back cone and face cone respectively; The outer surface of said tooth base comprises and the corresponding conical surface of the false back cone conical surface; Said false back cone takes shape in said step 3).
As a kind of preferred version, the outer surface that the relative face cone of said bevel gear is positioned at the cylindrical opposite side comprises the crossing false back cone conical surface and circular ear end face; Said false back cone is coaxial and the awl end is relative with face cone, and the two ends of said external cylindrical surface are crossing with the conical surface of false back cone and face cone respectively; Said ear end face normal direction and face cone parallel to an axis, said ear end face are positioned at the opposite side of false back cone on axially mutually to foreign round; The outer surface of said tooth base comprises the conical surface corresponding with the false back cone conical surface and the toroidal surface corresponding with ear end face; Said step 3) is round-corner transition, the false back cone conical surface of turning moulding ear end face, the false back cone conical surface and ear end face intersection successively.
When being provided with inner cone, further, said bevel gear outer surface comprises the conical surface of inner cone, and said inner cone and the face cone vertex of a cone be towards on the contrary, the small end top circle of the crossing and intersection seamed edge formation bevel gear of the said inner cone conical surface and the face cone conical surface; The turning moulding inner cone conical surface after said step 6), before the step 7), and the round-corner transition of the moulding face cone conical surface and inner cone conical surface intersection.
Bevel gear of the present invention and processing method thereof; Through the change of bevel gear outer surface, improved work efficiency, yield rate, reduce production costs; Obtained the unforeseeable technique effect of those skilled in the art; Overcome the design set of bevel gear for a long time, a kind of new design and processing thought are provided, and have obtained than existing technology better machining effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the axial sectional view of existing cone gear;
Fig. 2 is the axial sectional view of cone gear of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the comparison diagram of bevel gear of the present invention and existing bevel gear.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
As shown in Figure 2; Bevel gear of the present invention; Its outer surface comprises the conical surface of face cone 1 through the turning moulding; Said outer surface also comprises the cylinder with the coaxial and crossing cylindrical 3 of face cone 1, and said cylindrical 3 diameters and circular diameter at the bottom of face cone 1 awl equate and constitute the maximum outside diameter of bevel gear, and the seamed edge that said face cone 1 conical surface and cylindrical 3 cylinders intersect constitutes the big end tooth tip circle of bevel gear.Above-mentioned maximum diameter is the theoretical external diameter of bevel gear.
The bevel gear of this programme does not have to adopt the design of existing bevel gear back cone, has overcome the design set of bevel gear for a long time, can be described as the technological prejudice that has overcome those skilled in the art yet, and a kind of new mentality of designing is provided.The bevel gear of this programme is because the setting of cylindrical 3, and the volume of its finished product is greater than the existing bevel gear of same specification, therefore must think that to those skilled in the art its material consumption increases.Though finished-product volume increases to some extent, in fact because cylindrical 3 all exists from the beginning to the end, tooth base outer surface can be processed into the shape that adapts with finished product bevel gear profile; Promptly comprise face cone 1, cylindrical 3, compared to existing circular crude green body, face cone 1 machining allowance is little; Along the turning path, machining allowance is consistent, compares with existing triangle cutting zone; The turning circulation is few, and work efficiency is high, precision is high, and in fact its tooth base has saved wide variety of materials in making.And the setting through cylindrical 3, placing, during carrying, all can contacting, avoid the existence at sharp-pointed position through cylindrical 3 cylinders, can prevent effectively that in whole Gear Processing process bursting apart of big end tooth tip circle is bad.
In this programme, cancelled the setting of existing back cone.But further; In order to save material, convenient processing; Assurance is similar with existing bevel gear profile; Avoid changing the structures such as gear-box that match with bevel gear, said outer surface comprises the conical surface of and false back cone 2 that the awl end relative coaxial with face cone 1, and intersect with the conical surface of false back cone 2 and face cone 1 respectively at the axial two ends of said cylindrical 3 cylinders; The chuck clamping width of the axial height of said cylindrical 3 cylinders and turning machine adapts.The false back cone 2 here only is in order to guarantee the similar of this programme bevel gear and existing bevel gear shape; And be not Approximate Design and the manufacturing that is used for bevel gear; Therefore should only be interpreted as the awl at bevel gear back; It is referred to as false back cone 2 is to call for ease and understand, and its cone-apex angle can identical with the back cone of existing bevel gear, also can be inequality.
Further, for the whole outside that guarantees tooth is the plane, avoid bursting apart to the influence of big end tooth tip circle with the lower tooth forming area, the big end tooth root of bevel gear is positioned at cylindrical 3 cylinders.
According to the difference of bevel gear, relatively to be positioned at the bevel gear outer surface of cylindrical 3 opposite sides can be arbitrarily to face cone 1, but the reference level of the face that must comprise a normal direction and bevel gear shaft line parallel when processing face cone 1.Best, said outer surface comprises the circular ear end face 5 of normal direction and face cone 1 parallel to an axis, and said ear end face 53 is positioned at the opposite side of false back cone 2 on axially mutually to foreign round, and said ear end face 5 intersects with false back cone 2 conical surfaces and round-corner transition is passed through in the intersection.Reference level when adopting above-mentioned ear end face 5 as processing face cone 1, easy to process, ear end face 5 is nearest with face cone 1 axial distance, so Location accuracy is high; Simultaneously, the setting of round-corner transition between the setting of ear end face 5 and ear end face 5 and the false back cone 2 is being placed, when carrying, can also reduced the defective products that bursts apart through ear end face 5 contacts, and the stability of this modes of emplacement better.
Bad in order further to prevent bursting apart of big end tooth tip circle place, round-corner transition is passed through in the intersection of said face cone 1 conical surface and cylindrical 3 cylinders.Setting through false back cone 2 or frock breaks away from cylindrical 3 and lathe, and face cone 1 conical surface and cylindrical 3 cylinders can machine through a step, so the directly turning moulding of this round-corner transition, need not to increase process step.
Inner cone is not necessary in the design of bevel gear, like small one and large one two bevel gears of matching, inner cone can only be set on bull wheel.For when being provided with inner cone; Avoid bursting apart of small end top circle place; Said outer surface comprises the conical surface with the coaxial inner cone 4 of face cone 1; Said inner cone 4 and face cone 2 vertex of a cones are towards on the contrary, said inner cone 4 conical surfaces and face cone 1 conical surface intersect and the intersection through round-corner transition, the small end top circle of the seamed edge formation bevel gear that said inner cone 4 conical surfaces and face cone 1 conical surface are crossing.
Face cone 1 conical surface all through round-corner transition, effectively avoids the stress at large and small end tooth tip circle place to concentrate with cylindrical 3 cylinders and inner cone 4 conical surface intersections, avoids in follow-up mill teeth process, forming the defective products that bursts apart.The burst apart minimizing of defective products can effectively reduce the polishing step of doing over again, thoroughly avoid since polishing produce fall burr.Above-mentioned each round-corner transition can effectively avoid sharp-pointed position to scratch operator.
From seeing in shape, the bevel gear of this programme can not make moderate progress to course of working, when face cone 1, cylindrical 3, false back cone 2 are set especially at the same time.To those skilled in the art; Instruction by existing processing method and processing thought; Can think that all this cylindrical 3 is after the processing of accomplishing face cone 1, false back cone 2, to form through polishing; Therefore the forming step that needs extra increase cylindrical 3 must cause the increase of process step, the reduction of work efficiency.But in fact,, can adjust the order of existing process step easily, thereby improve work efficiency greatly because " back cone is vertical with pitch cone " this design criterion is avoided in the increase of cylindrical 3.
Concrete, the processing method of bevel gear comprises the steps: 1) outer surface of bevel gear comprise face cone 1 conical surface, with the cylinder of the coaxial cylindrical 3 of face cone 1, the big end tooth tip circle of the crossing and intersection seamed edge formation bevel gear of cylindrical 3 cylinders and face cone 1 conical surface; Through forging or the tooth base that shape and bevel gear shape adapt is made in casting, the outer surface of said tooth base comprise the conical surface corresponding with face cone 1 conical surface and with the corresponding cylinder of cylindrical 3 cylinders; 2) through cylinder corresponding in the tooth base outer surface tooth base is fixed in lathe with cylindrical 3 cylinders, and in the tooth base outer surface conical surface corresponding with face cone 1 conical surface towards fixed side; 3) turning moulding opposing side awl 1 is positioned at the bevel gear outer surface of cylindrical 3 opposite sides; 4) axis hole of turning moulding bevel gear; 5) unload the lower tooth base and the tooth base that overturns, through axis hole the tooth base retightened in lathe then, and in the tooth base outer surface conical surface corresponding with face cone 1 conical surface towards process side; 6) round-corner transition of face cone 1 conical surface of turning moulding bevel gear, face cone 1 conical surface and cylindrical 3 cylinder intersections, cylindrical 3 cylinders successively; 7) tooth moulding; 8) heat treatment.
Above-mentioned fixed side is promptly near a side of machine chuck, and process side is promptly near a side of machining tool.
Existing bevel gear processing technology must rely on tooth base outer cylinder location to clamp when processing axis hole, ear end face 5 and inner cone 4; And existing bevel gear; Its back cone is vertical, parallel with inner cone 4 with the pitch cone of gear, so axis hole, ear end face 5 and inner cone 4 must processing before the processing back cone, and the two sides of processing axis hole, ear end face 5 and inner cone 4 office gears; Therefore the two must separate machined, and this just adds man-hour and must increase the action of a turn-over to making.In addition; Processing is during back cone, and anchor clamps need rely on a transition plane location between inner cone 4 and the face cone 1, and this plane does not exist after processing face cone 1 or shorten thereby can not locate with this; Therefore back cone must be processed before face cone 1 is shaped, so increased a turn-over action herein again.
And the bevel gear of this programme is employed in the design that increases cylindrical 3 on the basis that guarantees theoretical external diameter owing to avoid " back cone is vertical with pitch cone " this design criterion.Therefore need not to consider that back cone is vertical, parallel with inner cone 4 with the pitch cone of gear; The processing sequence of each constituent element of outer surface can reasonably optimizing, all compositions of outer surface is divided into left side outer surface and right side outer surface, in the whole machining process process; Only need fix twice, the upset once; Just can accomplish the processing of left side outer surface, right side outer surface respectively, reach again clamping, greatly improve gear quality and work efficiency thereby directly reduce the gear turn-over.
, fix with the corresponding cylinder of cylindrical 3 cylinders during outer surface in processing left side through the tooth base, with phase to foreign round 3 be positioned at face cone 1 opposite side the bevel gear end face as locating basis, as locating with a transition plane between inner cone 4 and the face cone 1; When processing right side outer surface, fix through axis hole, guarantee the coaxial of both sides outer surface, the bevel gear end face that is positioned at cylindrical 3 opposite sides with relative face cone 1 is as locating basis, as with ear end face 5 location.
When being provided with false back cone 2; The outer surface that the relative face cone 1 of said bevel gear is positioned at cylindrical 3 opposite sides comprises the conical surface of false back cone 2; Said false back cone 2 and face cone 1 are coaxial and the awl end is relative, and intersect with the conical surface of false back cone 2 and face cone 1 respectively at the two ends of said cylindrical 3 cylinders; The outer surface of said tooth base comprises and the corresponding conical surface of false back cone 2 conical surfaces; Said false back cone 2 takes shape in said step 3).
When being provided with false back cone 2, ear end face 5, the outer surface that the relative face cone 1 of said bevel gear is positioned at cylindrical 3 opposite sides comprises crossing false back cone 2 conical surfaces and circular ear end face 5; Said false back cone 2 and face cone 1 are coaxial and the awl end is relative, and intersect with the conical surface of false back cone 2 and face cone 1 respectively at the two ends of said cylindrical 3 cylinders; Said ear end face 5 normal direction and face cone 1 parallel to an axis, said ear end face 53 are positioned at the opposite side of false back cone 2 on axially mutually to foreign round; The outer surface of said tooth base comprises the conical surface corresponding with false back cone 2 conical surfaces and the toroidal surface corresponding with ear end face 5; Said step 3) is turning moulding ear end face 5, false back cone 2 conical surfaces and the round-corner transition of ear end face 5 intersections, false back cone 2 conical surfaces successively.Ear end face 5, false back cone 2 conical surfaces and the round-corner transition of ear end face 5 intersections, the one cutter moulding of false back cone 2 conical surfaces, work efficiency is high.
When being provided with inner cone 4, said bevel gear outer surface comprises the conical surface of inner cone 4, and said inner cone 4 and face cone 2 vertex of a cones are towards on the contrary, and said inner cone 4 conical surfaces and face cone 1 conical surface intersect and the small end top circle of intersection seamed edge formation bevel gear; Turning moulding inner cone 4 conical surfaces after said step 6), before the step 7), and the round-corner transition of moulding face cone 1 conical surface and inner cone 4 conical surface intersections.After inner cone 4 moulding and the face cone 1, when having overcome before inner cone 4 moulding and the face cone 1, because the tool angle problem, can't form the problem of arc transition during face cone 1 moulding simultaneously at small end top circle place.Inner cone 4 can be directly through the turning moulding, and is best when in order to save material, convenient processing, and the conical surface corresponding with inner cone 4 is set on the tooth base.
Compare with existing bevel gear, the design theory of this programme bevel gear and the formation theory of tooth all can not change.Concretely, when design, can design by back cone through the form of auxiliary line equally; Measurement after the tooth moulding, the characteristic size that can obtain through calculating or when computer-aided design, measure replaces, perhaps directly measures through numerical control machine tool.
Embodiment
The driven wheel of differential that is used for automobile differential; Rated torque is 400Nm, and base ratio is 41/8, and structure is as shown in Figure 2; The bevel gear center is an axis hole, and the bevel gear outer surface forms through turning and comprises face cone 1 conical surface, false back cone 2 conical surfaces, inner cone 4 conical surfaces, cylindrical 3 cylinders, ear end face 5.Said false back cone 2 and face cone 1 are coaxial and the awl end is relative, and intersect with the conical surface of false back cone 2 and face cone 1 respectively at the axial two ends of said cylindrical 3 cylinders; Said inner cone 4 and face cone 2 vertex of a cones are towards on the contrary, and said inner cone 4 conical surfaces and face cone 1 conical surface are crossing; Said ear end face 5 is circular its normal direction and face cone 1 parallel to an axis, and said ear end face 53 is positioned at the opposite side of false back cone 2 on axially mutually to foreign round.The chuck clamping width of the axial height of cylindrical 3 cylinders and turning machine adapts, and the big end tooth root of bevel gear is positioned at cylindrical 3 cylinders.Said cylindrical 3 diameters and circular diameter at the bottom of face cone 1 awl equate and constitute the maximum outside diameter of bevel gear; The seamed edge that said face cone 1 conical surface and cylindrical 3 cylinders intersect constitutes the big end tooth tip circle of bevel gear, and the seamed edge that inner cone 4 conical surfaces and face cone 1 conical surface intersect constitutes the small end top circle of bevel gear.Round-corner transition is all passed through in false back cone 2 conical surfaces and ear end face 5 intersections, face cone 1 conical surface and cylindrical 3 cylinder intersections, inner cone 4 conical surfaces and face cone 1 conical surface intersection.
Processing method comprises the steps: 1) outer surface of bevel gear comprises face cone 1 conical surface, cylindrical 3 cylinders, false back cone 2 conical surfaces, circular ear end face 5, inner cone 4 conical surfaces; Through forging or the tooth base that shape and bevel gear shape adapt is made in casting, the outer surface of said tooth base comprise the conical surface corresponding with face cone 1 conical surface, with the corresponding cylinder of cylindrical 3 cylinders, with the corresponding conical surface of false back cone 2 conical surfaces, with the corresponding toroidal surface of ear end face 5, with the corresponding conical surface of inner cone 4 conical surfaces; 2) through cylinder corresponding in the tooth base outer surface tooth base is fixed in lathe, and the tooth base conical surface corresponding with false back cone 2 conical surfaces is towards process side with cylindrical 3 cylinders; 3) turning moulding ear end face 5, false back cone 2 conical surfaces and the round-corner transition of ear end face 5 intersections, false back cone 2 conical surfaces successively; 4) axis hole of turning moulding bevel gear; 5) unload the lower tooth base and the tooth base that overturns, through axis hole the tooth base retightened in lathe then, and in the tooth base outer surface conical surface corresponding with face cone 1 conical surface towards process side; 6) round-corner transition of face cone 1 conical surface of turning moulding bevel gear, face cone 1 conical surface and cylindrical 3 cylinder intersections, cylindrical 3 cylinders successively; Turning moulding inner cone 4 conical surfaces, and the round-corner transition of moulding face cone 1 conical surface and inner cone 4 conical surface intersections; 7) tooth moulding; 8) heat treatment.
Concretely, the left side outer surface of present embodiment comprises false back cone 2 conical surfaces, ear end face 5, axis hole internal surface; The left side outer surface comprises cylindrical 3 cylinders, face cone 1 conical surface, inner cone 4 conical surfaces.When processing the left side outer surface, fix with the corresponding cylinder of cylindrical 3 cylinders through the tooth base, with a transition plane location between inner cone 4 and the face cone 1, this transition platform disappears after face cone 1 conical surface and inner cone 4 conical surface intersection round-corner transition moulding; When processing the right side outer surface, fix through axis hole, guarantee the coaxial of both sides outer surface, with ear end face 5 location.
According to the engineering test result, yield rate is increased to more than 90% by existing 80%, and be reduced to 2.5 minute by 8 minutes the average process time of every bevel gear, and stock utilization is increased to 73.2% by 56.1%.
As shown in Figure 3 with the comparison diagram of existing bevel gear, the profile line for existing bevel gear of dotted line 7 expressions among Fig. 3.
Adopt the sample of processing with existing bevel gear same material, heat treatment process to carry out Fatigue test, the test input speed is 958r/min, and input is reversed and is 400Nm, and the result is as shown in table 1, meets the requirement of relevant criterion fully.
The fatigue test results of bevel gear among table 1, the embodiment
Claims (4)
1. the processing method of bevel gear comprises the steps:
1) outer surface of bevel gear comprise face cone (1) conical surface, with the cylinder of the coaxial cylindrical (3) of face cone (1), cylindrical (3) cylinder and face cone (1) conical surface intersect and the intersection seamed edge constitutes the big end tooth tip circle of bevel gear; Through forging or the tooth base that shape and bevel gear shape adapt is made in casting, the outer surface of said tooth base comprise the conical surface corresponding with face cone (1) conical surface and with the corresponding cylinder of cylindrical (3) cylinder;
2) through with the corresponding cylinder of cylindrical (3) cylinder the tooth base being fixed in lathe in the tooth base outer surface, and in the tooth base outer surface conical surface corresponding with face cone (1) conical surface towards fixed side;
3) turning moulding opposing side awl (1) is positioned at the bevel gear outer surface of cylindrical (3) opposite side;
4) axis hole of turning moulding bevel gear;
5) unload the lower tooth base and the tooth base that overturns, through axis hole the tooth base retightened in lathe then, and in the tooth base outer surface conical surface corresponding with face cone (1) conical surface towards process side;
6) round-corner transition of the face cone of turning moulding bevel gear (1) conical surface, face cone (1) conical surface and cylindrical (3) cylinder intersection, cylindrical (3) cylinder successively;
7) tooth moulding;
8) heat treatment.
2. the processing method of bevel gear as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the outer surface that the relative face cone of said bevel gear (1) is positioned at cylindrical (3) opposite side comprises the conical surface of false back cone (2); Said false back cone (2) is coaxial and the awl end is relative with face cone (1), and the two ends of said cylindrical (3) cylinder are crossing with the conical surface of false back cone (2) and face cone (1) respectively; The outer surface of said tooth base comprises and the corresponding conical surface of false back cone (2) conical surface; Said false back cone (2) takes shape in said step 3).
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the processing method of bevel gear, it is characterized in that: the outer surface that the relative face cone of said bevel gear (1) is positioned at cylindrical (3) opposite side comprises crossing false back cone (2) conical surface and circular ear end face (5); Said false back cone (2) is coaxial and the awl end is relative with face cone (1), and the two ends of said cylindrical (3) cylinder are crossing with the conical surface of false back cone (2) and face cone (1) respectively; Said ear end face (5) normal direction and face cone (1) parallel to an axis, said ear end face (5) mutually to foreign round (3) be positioned at the opposite side of false back cone (2) on axially; The outer surface of said tooth base comprise the conical surface corresponding with false back cone (2) conical surface and with the corresponding toroidal surface of ear end face (5); Said step 3) is round-corner transition, false back cone (2) conical surface of turning moulding ear end face (5), false back cone (2) conical surface and ear end face (5) intersection successively.
4. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the processing method of bevel gear; It is characterized in that: said bevel gear outer surface comprises the conical surface of inner cone (4); Said inner cone (4) and face cone (2) vertex of a cone be towards on the contrary, and said inner cone (4) conical surface and face cone (1) conical surface intersect and the small end top circle of intersection seamed edge formation bevel gear; Turning moulding inner cone (4) conical surface after said step 6), before the step 7), and the round-corner transition of moulding face cone (1) conical surface and inner cone (4) conical surface intersection.
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| CN2010102066240A CN101852284B (en) | 2010-06-23 | 2010-06-23 | Method for machining bevel gear |
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| CN2010102066240A CN101852284B (en) | 2010-06-23 | 2010-06-23 | Method for machining bevel gear |
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| CN101852284B true CN101852284B (en) | 2012-07-18 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102366884A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-03-07 | 昆山恒源机械制造有限公司 | Method for processing gear blank |
| EP2985492B1 (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2017-10-04 | Klingelnberg AG | Bevel gear with altered geometry |
| CN106271473B (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-02-06 | 南京金腾齿轮***有限公司 | The processing method for improving spiral bevel gear interchangeability |
| CN108971999B (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-12-31 | 沈阳鼓风机集团核电泵业有限公司 | Eccentric inclined plane machining device and method for sliding ring |
| CN110125624A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-16 | 宁夏天地奔牛实业集团有限公司 | A kind of spiral gear with duplex tapered teeth processing method suitable for different teeth |
| CN111299716B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-03-16 | 河南科技大学 | Special finger-shaped milling cutter positioning tool and positioning method for equal-base conical gear |
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| US5080537A (en) * | 1990-01-20 | 1992-01-14 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for machining bevel gear |
| US5528952A (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 1996-06-25 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Webbed bevel gear |
| CN1505552A (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2004-06-16 | ���Ͽع�����˾ | Bevel gear manufacturing method |
| DE102005024908A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Bevel gear e.g. differential gear, manufacturing method, involves cold working end contour of toothing, mechanically finishing bevel gear and implementing hardening of bevel gear in form of tumbel press |
| CN201696583U (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2011-01-05 | 四川建安工业有限责任公司 | Bevel gear |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005349453A (en) * | 2004-06-11 | 2005-12-22 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Pressing machine and method for producing bevel gear |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5080537A (en) * | 1990-01-20 | 1992-01-14 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for machining bevel gear |
| US5528952A (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 1996-06-25 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Webbed bevel gear |
| CN1505552A (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2004-06-16 | ���Ͽع�����˾ | Bevel gear manufacturing method |
| DE102005024908A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Bevel gear e.g. differential gear, manufacturing method, involves cold working end contour of toothing, mechanically finishing bevel gear and implementing hardening of bevel gear in form of tumbel press |
| CN201696583U (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2011-01-05 | 四川建安工业有限责任公司 | Bevel gear |
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| CN101852284A (en) | 2010-10-06 |
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Application publication date: 20101006 Assignee: China Changan Automobile Group Assignor: Jianan Industry Co., Ltd., Sichuan Prov. Contract record no.: 2012990000941 Denomination of invention: Bevel gear and method for machining bevel gear Granted publication date: 20120718 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20121227 |
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