CN101844237B - Automatic alignment system and method of workpiece and main shaft rotation center in ultra-precision turning - Google Patents
Automatic alignment system and method of workpiece and main shaft rotation center in ultra-precision turning Download PDFInfo
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- CN101844237B CN101844237B CN2009103123712A CN200910312371A CN101844237B CN 101844237 B CN101844237 B CN 101844237B CN 2009103123712 A CN2009103123712 A CN 2009103123712A CN 200910312371 A CN200910312371 A CN 200910312371A CN 101844237 B CN101844237 B CN 101844237B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic alignment system of a workpiece and a main shaft rotation center in ultra-precision turning, belonging to the technical field of optical measurement and processing. The automatic alignment system comprises a clamp, an image acquisition device, a push-out electromagnet, a controller and a computer, wherein the outer diameter of the frock clamp is smaller than the outer diameter of the workpiece, and the frock clamp is adsorbed on the end surface of a main shaft by a vacuum chuck; the image acquisition device comprises a backlight, a telecentric lens and a high-speed camera which are positioned in the same optical axis, wherein the backlight can irradiate parallel light and is arranged between the rear side of the workpiece and the end surface of the main shaft, and the acquired light and dark images of the workpiece are transmitted to the camera; the push-out electromagnet is positioned right below the clamp, and the computer computes the offset of the workpiece according to the light and dark images, records the maximum of the offset and leads the push-out electromagnet to knock the clamp at the maximum part to regulate the position of the workpiece when the offset is larger than a predetermined value . The invention simultaneously provides an automatic alignment method of the workpiece and the main shaft rotation center in ultra-precision turning, which is realized by adopting the alignment system. The invention can realize full automation of a regulating process and improve alignment efficiency and alignment precision.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultraprecise processing, Computer Vision Detection and image measurement technical field, relate to the automatic alignment system of workpiece and main shaft gyration center in a kind of turning.
Background technology
The form accuracy of workpiece is subjected to the influence of factors such as shape of tool error, guide rail movement precision, self-vibration and vibration isolation, the stability of a system in the ultra-precise cutting processing.Wherein workpiece and main shaft gyration centre deviation also are to influence the machining accuracy important factors.
The main shaft end face often adopts vacuum cup in ultra-precise cutting processing, the negative pressure of vacuum that relies on back of work to form, be subjected to external atmosphere pressure good general workpiece to be fixed in the main shaft end face, workpiece is applied the fine-tuning location of workpiece of certain percussion power, be convenient to carry out the adjustment of the location of workpiece.At present, often the height in the cylindrical work or the anchor clamps outside is measured by the ruby gauge head, the high variable quantity that rotary main shaft records according to gauge head, adopt tup to carry out the adjustment repeatedly that the location of workpiece is carried out in suitable beating by operating personnel, satisfying within the scope up to the measuring height deviation.Whole process need is realized by manually-operated, efficient is lower, and depend on operating personnel's qualification and difference, had a strong impact on the whole efficiency of ultraprecise processing, therefore, has very important use meaning at ultra-precise cutting processing mode exploitation workpiece and the automatic alignment system in main shaft gyration center.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of automatic alignment system of workpiece and main shaft gyration center that is applied to ultra-precise cutting, realizes the full automation of adjustment process, improves forward efficiency, guarantees to align precision by high-precision measurement simultaneously.For this reason, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The automatic alignment system of workpiece and main shaft gyration center in a kind of ultra-precise cutting, the frock clamp that comprises fixation workpiece, image collecting device, the push type electromagnet, controller and computer, the external diameter of described frock clamp is less than the external diameter of workpiece, be adsorbed on the main shaft end face by vacuum cup, under anchor clamps, be provided with the push type electromagnet, described image collecting device comprises the backlight that is positioned at same optical axis, telecentric mirror head and high-speed camera, described backlight can shine directional light, place between the rear side and main shaft end face of workpiece, the bright dark image of the workpiece of described image collecting device collection is sent to video camera, the keying of push type electromagnet is controlled in the instruction that described controller is used for sending according to computer, thereby control push type electromagnet knocking to anchor clamps, described computer calculates according to bright dark image, ask for the offset of workpiece, record offset maximum, and at offset during greater than preset value, the push type electromagnet is knocked anchor clamps at this maximum, carry out the position adjustment of workpiece.
The present invention provides a kind of method that is aligned automatically by workpiece and main shaft gyration center in the ultra-precise cutting of above-mentioned alignment system realization simultaneously, comprises the following steps:
Workpiece is fixed on the frock clamp, frock clamp is adsorbed in the main shaft end face, place backlight at the rear side of workpiece by vacuum cup;
Utilize image collecting device to gather the bright dark image of workpiece, and it is sent into computer;
Computer calculates according to bright dark image, asks for the offset of workpiece, record offset maximum, and at offset during greater than preset value, send instruction to controller, its control push type electromagnet is knocked anchor clamps at this maximum, carry out the position adjustment of workpiece.
The method is to adopt the directional light backlight from workpiece rear side throw light, and part light is blocked, and part light directly is projected in the telecentric mirror head on opposite and the acquisition system that video camera is formed.When workpiece at the uniform velocity rotated, high-speed camera can collect edge of work image in real time, the marginal position of workpiece when accurately obtaining rotating diverse location by the high-accurate outline extraction algorithm, thus can accurately determine the offset of workpiece.According to offset information control push type electromagnet anchor clamps are applied corresponding percussion power, the analog manual operation adjusts the location of workpiece, thereby realizes automation mechanized operation.Therefore, this method has high accuracy, high efficiency and full automatic characteristics.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 system construction drawing.
The calculating of Fig. 2 workpiece offset.
The structural representation of Fig. 3 push type electromagnet.
Description of reference numerals is as follows:
| 1 frock clamp | 2 |
3 |
4 high- |
| 5 electromagnet | 6 guide rods | 7 |
8 |
| 9 |
10 secured cores | ? | ? |
Embodiment
System architecture of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, work piece holder 1 directly is installed on the main shaft end face of super precision lathe by vacuum cup, the workpiece of cylindrical shape is fixed on the anchor clamps 1, outside dimension is greater than anchor clamps 1 external diameter, and anchor clamps 1 have certain height, can make the workpiece distance certain apart from the main shaft end face.The backlight 2 that can shine directional light is positioned over the workpiece rear side, is positioned at the left side or the right side of workpiece, and the optical axis of acquisition system is positioned at the XOZ plane of lathe coordinate system, and is parallel to the Z axle, and lathe coordinate system XYZ as shown in Figure 1.Backlight 2 is from workpiece back projection parallel rays, and part light is blocked by workpiece, and telecentric mirror head 3 focuses to high-speed camera 4 with bright dark image.
When workpiece at the uniform velocity rotated, because the existence of workpiece offset, video camera 4 can collect the different image of bright dark scope, can calculate the offset of workpiece diverse location according to corresponding algorithm.The computational methods of offset as shown in Figure 2.Gather the image that workpiece rotates a circle, determine in a week by the outermost edge of workpiece occlusion area and inward flange by the sub-pix contour extraction method, and note both horizontal pixel deviation delta u, by demarcating the good video camera 4 pixel coordinate deviations and the ratio k of actual size deviation, getting up till now, the offset of workpiece is
Δd＝kΔu/2
k＝Δx
1/Δu
1
Claims (2)
1. the automatic alignment system of workpiece and main shaft gyration center in the ultra-precise cutting, the frock clamp that comprises fixation workpiece, image collecting device, the push type electromagnet, controller and computer, the external diameter of described frock clamp is less than the external diameter of workpiece, be adsorbed on the main shaft end face by vacuum cup, under anchor clamps, be provided with the push type electromagnet, described image collecting device comprises the backlight that is positioned at same optical axis, telecentric mirror head and high-speed camera, described backlight can shine directional light, place between the rear side and main shaft end face of workpiece, the bright dark image of the workpiece of described image collecting device collection is sent to computer, the keying of push type electromagnet is controlled in the instruction that described controller is used for sending according to computer, thereby control push type electromagnet knocking to anchor clamps, described computer calculates according to bright dark image, ask for the offset of workpiece, record offset maximum, and at offset during greater than preset value, the push type electromagnet is knocked anchor clamps at this maximum, carry out the position adjustment of workpiece.
2. one kind is adopted the method that workpiece and main shaft gyration center align automatically in the ultra-precise cutting that the described alignment system of claim 1 realizes, comprises the following steps:
(1) workpiece is fixed on the frock clamp, frock clamp is adsorbed in the main shaft end face, place backlight at the rear side of workpiece by vacuum cup;
(2) backlight is arranged on the workpiece rear side, during work, backlight is from workpiece back projection parallel rays, when workpiece at the uniform velocity rotates, because the existence of workpiece offset, camera acquisition is to bright dark image, and the bright dark image of the workpiece that described image collecting device is gathered is sent to computer;
(3) computer calculates according to bright dark image, asks for the offset of workpiece, record offset maximum, and at offset during greater than preset value, send instruction to controller, its control push type electromagnet is knocked anchor clamps at this maximum, carry out the position adjustment of workpiece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009103123712A CN101844237B (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2009-12-28 | Automatic alignment system and method of workpiece and main shaft rotation center in ultra-precision turning |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009103123712A CN101844237B (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2009-12-28 | Automatic alignment system and method of workpiece and main shaft rotation center in ultra-precision turning |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101844237A CN101844237A (en) | 2010-09-29 |
| CN101844237B true CN101844237B (en) | 2011-11-23 |
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| CN102139376B (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2013-04-17 | 天津大学 | Method for processing free-form surface prism |
| CN102500760B (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-07-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Optical-image-reconstruction based rotary centering method for sharp-point diamond tools |
| CN102530849B (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2013-04-24 | 方平 | Large-breadth microstructural processing system based on moving-iron electromechanical transducer and processing method thereof |
| CN103182522B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-10-28 | 温州医学院眼视光研究院 | A kind of device for Machining Free-Form Surfaces contact lens and control method thereof |
| CN106735347B (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2018-08-07 | 香港理工大学 | Machine tool chief axis central axes position acquisition device and acquisition methods |
| CN105382629B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2019-01-18 | 厦门厦芝科技工具有限公司 | A kind of position correction apparatus |
| CN111644878B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-07-16 | 大连理工大学 | Device and method for accurately and quickly aligning rotary parts on machine |
| CN111590367B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-07-16 | 大连理工大学 | Rotary part detection and alignment integrated device and method |
| CN113305305B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-03-25 | 超丰微纳科技(宁波)有限公司 | Method for reducing eccentricity of turning double-sided mirror |
| CN114161197B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-09-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | Automatic correction method, system, equipment and storage medium for eccentric workpiece |
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Inventor after: Zhang Xiaodong Inventor after: Fang Fengzhou Inventor before: Zhang Xiaodong Inventor before: Fang Fengzhou |