CN101843191B - Construction method of plant communities in southwest area - Google Patents
Construction method of plant communities in southwest area Download PDFInfo
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- CN101843191B CN101843191B CN2010101629845A CN201010162984A CN101843191B CN 101843191 B CN101843191 B CN 101843191B CN 2010101629845 A CN2010101629845 A CN 2010101629845A CN 201010162984 A CN201010162984 A CN 201010162984A CN 101843191 B CN101843191 B CN 101843191B
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Abstract
The invention provides a construction method of plant communities in the southwest area, which comprises the steps of selecting seeds; processing seeds which are difficult to germinate; preparing a mixture of seeds; preparing a mixture of substrates; preparing a mixture of seed substrates; spraying the mixture of the seed substrates towards rock soil wound surfaces or degenerated land; controlling the height of grasses and the density of bushes and arbors; spraying chlormequat chloride liquor to the grasses; spraying stress resistant high-nutrition foliar fertilizer to the arbors; and carrying out daily water and nutrient management. The seeds have rapid and safe germination, the structure and the functions of artificial vegetation are guaranteed to be steady, and the succession period from the artificial vegetation to natural vegetation is effectively shortened. The invention relates to the construction method of the plant communities on rock soil wound surfaces and in the degenerated land of side slopes, spoil areas, mining sites and the like in the southeast area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of artificial vegetation's planting and establishing method, particularly relate to a kind of construction method of plant communities in southwest area.
Background technology
The southwest comprises Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, Chongqing City and Tibet autonomous region of Tibetan, gross area 2500000km2.The southwest is because its unique geomorphic feature, make this district's severe water and soil erosion, natural calamities such as landslide, debris flow take place frequently, in addition, the southwest rich in mineral resources, mining causes a large amount of bare side slopings, the construction of step power station also produces into a large amount of wastes field, add that railway, highway construction produce a large amount of artificial surface of a wound, cause this district's ecology very fragile, make up the generation that artificial plant group prevents natural disaster, recover the impaired surface of a wound, become the inevitable choice of technology of southwest ecological construction.At present, conventional method is at first to select the plant seed that is fit to, uses again with after host material (organic fertilizer, soil conditioner etc.) mixes, and carries out moisture, fertilizing management at last.Chinese patent CN100348086C discloses a kind of evergreen vegetation planting method on slope of highway side in southern areas, adopt rational plants configuration scheme, make grass seeds and shrub species by the configuration of 1: 1.2～2 part by weight, be mixed with seed sow grass seeds by duster liquid or seed mixture, spray through the smooth side slope surface that is suitable for afforesting, described grass seeds selects herbaceous plant kind Bermuda or Bermuda and perennial ryegrass for use or/and the combination of Festuca Arundinacea, described shrub species is selected pulse family evergreen shrubs seeds mountain green soy bean for use, pigeonpea, crotalaria mucronata, white popinac, shrubby flase indigo, pink indigo, any two or more combination in the akeake is applicable to that mainly southern expressway slope sets up ever green vegetation.There is following shortcoming in above-mentioned patent: the one, and, technology biases toward engineering measure selection and implementation process, and the preparation of host material, handles with the back period regulation and ignored the design of plant community science; The 2nd,, only carry out species selection, and species dissimilar, difference in functionality are not carried out reasonable combination according to some basic life habits and the ecological characteristics of plant; The 3rd,, during to seed treatment, do not take different treatment measures at dissimilar seeds; The 4th,, do not take into full account environmental condition, plant characteristic and maintenance management cost, the concrete species adaptability of selection is not strong; The 5th,, in the vegetation planting later stage, lack growth and competition regulation and control, and improve technological means such as anti-adversity ability.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes above shortcoming, provides a kind of and can promote that seed is quick, safety is sprouted, and ensures artificial vegetation's structure and function-stable, effectively shortens the construction method of artificial vegetation to the plant communities in southwest area of natural vegetation succession period.
The construction method of plant communities in southwest area of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) select suitable southwest pioneer's property draft, pioneer's property shrub, transitional draft, transitional shrub, build the stable draft of group, build the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize the arbor seed, wherein, pioneer's property draft is at least a kind in annual ryegrass, the sesbania, and pioneer's property shrub is the mountain green soy bean; Transitional draft is at least a kind in Bai Sanye, the Festuca Arundinacea, and transitional shrub is at least a kind in daghestan sweet clover, the Coriaria sinica; Building the stable draft of group is in green foxtail, weeping love grass, the paspalum notatum 2 kinds, and building the group, stablize shrub be in horse sour jujube, pink indigo, shrubby flase indigo, white tattooing, the five-leaved chaste tree at least 2 kinds, builds that group to stablize arbor be in locust tree, the white popinac at least a kind.
2) with natural air drying behind the sesbania in the step 1), the mountain green soy bean usefulness soaked in cold water 8～12h; Natural air drying behind the daghestan sweet clover usefulness soaked in cold water 24h; Paspalum notatum with 60 ℃ of water logging kind 2～3h after natural air drying; Horse sour jujube, pink indigo, shrubby flase indigo, locust tree be with concentrated sulfuric acid seed soaking 10～20min, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing; White tattooing with 75 ℃ of water logging kind 24h after natural air drying; Five-leaved chaste tree is with the watery hydrochloric acid of mass concentration 0.9% seed soaking 24h, and natural air drying behind the hydrochloric acid is removed in washing; White popinac is with the sulfuric acid 10min that soaks seed, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing.
3) in step 2) implement after, in 100～200 of every square metre of pioneer's property draft, 20～40 in pioneer's property shrub, 20～40 of transitional draft, 10～30 in transitional shrub, build 150～250 of stable draft of group, build the group and stablize 30～50 in shrub, build the ratio that the group stablizes 15～25 of arbors and mix, must seed mixture;
4) mix in every square metre of greening base material 8～12kg, the ratio of planting loam 140～220kg, base material mixture.
5) step 3) gained seed mixture and step 4) gained base material mixture mix is even, obtain the seed base material mixture.
6) the seed base material mixture that step 5) is obtained is ejected into the ground surface of a wound or degenerates on the ground, and jet thickness is 8～15cm, sprays thing unit weight and is controlled to be 1.2～1.35g/cm
3
7) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 5cm, adopting the mode that manually cradles to control the draft height is 4～7cm; When the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 10cm, adopt the mode of manually wiping out to remove unnecessary small and weak relatively tree and shrubs, control shrub density is 8～15 strains/m
2, the control tree density is 3～5 strains/m
2
8) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 25cm, adopt plastic sack that tree and shrubs is hidden temporarily, and be the chlormequat soup of 80～100mg/L to herbaceous plant leaf layer spray concentration.
9) after step 9) implemented for 2 weeks, spray resistance high-nutrition foliage fertilizer (publication number is CN101597194A) to tree and shrubs, extension rate is 500～800 times.
10) do wet situation according to vegetation growth state and base material mixture, carry out the Routine Management of moisture and nutrient.
The advantage of the construction method of plant communities in southwest area of the present invention is: one, take into full account regional climate, environment and typical project habitat feature, and based on the difference of vegetation structure feature and function, selected pioneer's property draft, pioneer's property shrub, transitional draft, transitional shrub, built the stable draft of group, built the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize arbor, configuration rationally meets ecological rule; Two, to the control of species seeding quantity science, help reducing species ambient moisture, nutrient, light resources etc. are consumed intensity, promote vegetation safety to build up; Three, difficulty is sprouted species and take different seed treatment measures, with strong points, the seed germination rate height; Four, the base material spraying technique is to be widely used in ground wound-surface vegetations such as side slope, waste field, mining ground, abandoned land at present to recover and an innovative technology of rebuilding, and can effectively ensure the required physical arrangement of plant community growth substrate, stability and moisture, nutrient condition; Five, step 7) and step 8) have been controlled herbal growth potential, reduce its competitive influence to woody plant, help simultaneously promoting that the herbaceous plant root system is more flourishing, simultaneously, reduce woody plant interspecies competition level, guarantee effective number of seedling of woody plant, promote planting structure of plant community, quantity scientific and reasonable; Six, the step 9) purpose is to promote the woody plant root growth, regulates self physiological function, improves disease-resistant, drought resisting, adverse-resistant characteristic such as cold-resistant; Seven, the inventive method embodiment is simple, and the technology strong operability can fully ensure the southwest ground surface of a wound and the ground artificial vegetation that degenerates makes up effect.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
One, implementation step
1) select suitable southwest pioneer's property draft, pioneer's property shrub, transitional draft, transitional shrub, build the stable draft of group, build the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize arbor.Wherein, pioneer's property draft is an annual ryegrass, and pioneer's property shrub is the mountain green soy bean; Transitional draft is that Bai Sanye, Festuca Arundinacea mix than 3: 2 by the seed grain number, and transitional shrub is that daghestan sweet clover, Coriaria sinica mix than 2: 1 by the seed grain number; Building the stable draft of group is that green foxtail, weeping love grass mix than 2: 3 by the seed grain number, building the group, stablize shrub be that horse sour jujube, pink indigo, shrubby flase indigo mix than 1: 2: 2 by the seed grain number, build group stablize arbor be locust tree, white popinac by the seed grain number than mixing in 2: 1.
2) to natural air drying behind the mountain green soy bean usefulness soaked in cold water 8h; Natural air drying behind the daghestan sweet clover usefulness soaked in cold water 24h; Horse sour jujube, pink indigo, shrubby flase indigo, locust tree be with the concentrated sulfuric acid soak seed respectively 10min, 15min, 12min, 20min, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing; White popinac is with the concentrated sulfuric acid 10min that soaks seed, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing.
3) in step 2) implement after, in 100 of every square metre of pioneer's property draft, 40 in pioneer's property shrub, 20 of transitional draft, 10 in transitional shrub, build 150 of stable draft of group, build the group and stablize 40 in shrub, build the ratio that the group stablizes 15 of arbors and mix, must seed mixture.
4) in every square metre of greening base material 10kg, plant loam 180kg the ratio mix even, obtain base material mixture.
5) step 3) gained seed mixture and step 4) gained base material mixture mix is even, obtain the seed base material mixture.
6) step 5) is got the seed base material mixture and be ejected on the side slope, jet thickness is 9～11cm, sprays thing unit weight and is controlled to be 1.2～1.35g/cm
3
7) when the minimum altitude of arbor surpasses 5cm, adopting the mode that manually cradles to control the draft height is 4～7cm; When the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 10cm, adopt the mode of manually wiping out to remove unnecessary small and weak relatively tree and shrubs, control shrub density is 12 strains/m
2, the control tree density is 3 strains/m
2
8) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 25cm, adopt plastic sack that tree and shrubs is hidden temporarily, and be the chlormequat soup of 120mg/L to herbaceous plant leaf layer spray concentration.
9) after step 8) implemented for 2 weeks, spray the resistance high-nutrition foliage fertilizer to tree and shrubs, extension rate is 650 times.
10) do wet situation according to vegetation growth state and base material mixture, carry out the Routine Management of moisture and nutrient.
Two, implementation result
The inventive method is applied to the side slope vegetation planting, shows with the conventional method comparative result:
1) annual ryegrass, Bai Sanye, Festuca Arundinacea, green foxtail, weeping love grass germination rate basically identical, mountain green soy bean, horse sour jujube, pink indigo, shrubby flase indigo, locust tree, daghestan sweet clover, white popinac germination rate improve 42%, 30%, 46%, 50%, 51%, 47%, 38% respectively;
2) herbaceous plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 25%, the heavy average increase by 19% of root; Woody plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 17%, the heavy average increase by 23% of root; Woody plant growth of seedling gesture on average improves 35%, and herbaceous plant growth potential on average reduces by 22%; Herbaceous plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 83%, and woody plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 88%; Herbaceous plant survival rate raising 56%, woody plant survival rate improve 74% when getting over the summer in 1 year; The herbaceous plant survival rate improves 53% when surviving the winter in 1 year, and the woody plant survival rate improves 62%.
Embodiment 2:
One, implementation step
1) select suitable southwest pioneer property draft, pioneer's property shrub, transitional draft, transitional shrub, build the stable draft of group, build the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize arbor.Wherein, pioneer's property draft is an annual ryegrass, and pioneer's property shrub is the mountain green soy bean; Transitional draft is Bai Sanye, and transitional shrub is a daghestan sweet clover; Building the stable draft of group is that green foxtail, paspalum notatum mix than 2: 1 by the seed grain number, build the group stablize shrub be horse sour jujube, shrubby flase indigo by of the mixing of seed grain number than 1: 2, build that group to stablize arbor be locust tree.
2) to air-dry behind the mountain green soy bean usefulness soaked in cold water 8h; Natural air drying behind the daghestan sweet clover usefulness soaked in cold water 24h; Horse sour jujube, shrubby flase indigo, locust tree be with the concentrated sulfuric acid soak seed respectively 15min, 10min, 15min, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing; Paspalum notatum with 60 ℃ of water logging kind 2h after natural air drying.
3) in step 2) implement after, in 150 of every square metre of pioneer's property draft, 20 in pioneer's property shrub, 40 of transitional draft, 30 in transitional shrub, build 250 of stable draft of group, build the group and stablize 30 in shrub, build the ratio that the group stablizes 20 of arbors and close evenly, must seed mixture.
4) in every square metre of greening base material 12kg, plant loam 220kg the ratio mix even, obtain base material mixture.
5) step 3) gained seed mixture and step 4) gained base material mixture mix is even, obtain the seed base material mixture.
6) the seed base material mixture that step 5) is obtained is ejected into iron ore field abandoned land, and jet thickness is 13～15cm, sprays thing unit weight and is controlled to be 1.2～1.35g/cm
3
7) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 5cm, adopting the mode that manually cradles to control the draft height is 4～7cm; When the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 10cm, adopt the mode of manually wiping out to remove unnecessary small and weak relatively tree and shrubs, control shrub density is 15 strains/m
2, the control tree density is 5 strains/m
2
8) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 25cm, adopt plastic sack that tree and shrubs is hidden temporarily, and be the chlormequat soup of 80mg/L to herbaceous plant leaf layer spray concentration.
9) after step 8) implemented for 2 weeks, spray the resistance high-nutrition foliage fertilizer to tree and shrubs, extension rate is 800 times.
10) do wet situation according to vegetation growth state and base material mixture, carry out the Routine Management of moisture and nutrient.
Two, implementation result
The inventive method is applied to the abandoned land vegetation planting of iron ore field, shows with the conventional method comparative result:
1) annual ryegrass, Bai Sanye, green foxtail germination rate basically identical, daghestan sweet clover, mountain green soy bean, horse sour jujube, shrubby flase indigo, locust tree, paspalum notatum germination rate improve 48%, 34%, 27%, 36%, 51%, 55% respectively.
2) herbaceous plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 28%, the heavy average increase by 20% of root; Woody plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 21%, the heavy average increase by 29% of root; Woody plant growth of seedling gesture on average improves 25%, and herbaceous plant growth potential on average reduces by 32%; Herbaceous plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 86%, and woody plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 91%; Herbaceous plant survival rate raising 46%, woody plant survival rate improve 63% when getting over the summer in 1 year; The herbaceous plant survival rate improves 41% when surviving the winter in 1 year, and the woody plant survival rate improves 72%.
Embodiment 3:
One, implementation step
1) select suitable southwest pioneer property draft, pioneer's property shrub, transitional draft, transitional shrub, build the stable draft of group, build the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize arbor.Wherein, pioneer's property draft is that annual ryegrass, sesbania mix than 2: 1 by the seed grain number, and pioneer's property shrub is the mountain green soy bean; Transitional draft is a Festuca Arundinacea, and transitional shrub is a Coriaria sinica; Building the stable draft of group is that paspalum notatum, curved leaf thrush mix than 1: 1 by the seed grain number, build the group stablize shrub be shrubby flase indigo, five-leaved chaste tree, white tattooing by the seed grain number than mixing in 2: 1: 1, build that group to stablize arbor be white popinac.
2) sesbania, mountain green soy bean are used natural air drying behind soaked in cold water 12h, the 10h respectively; Paspalum notatum with 60 ℃ of water logging kind 3h after natural air drying; Shrubby flase indigo is with the concentrated sulfuric acid 10min that soaks seed, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing; White popinac is with the concentrated sulfuric acid 10min that soaks seed, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing; White tattooing with 75 ℃ of water logging kind 24h after natural air drying; Five-leaved chaste tree is with 0.9% watery hydrochloric acid seed soaking 24h, removes natural air drying behind the hydrochloric acid after the washing; Paspalum notatum with 60 ℃ of water logging kind 3h after natural air drying.
3) in step 2) implement after, in 200 of every square metre of pioneer's property draft, 30 in pioneer's property shrub, 30 of transitional draft, 20 in transitional shrub, build 200 of stable draft of group, build the group and stablize 50 in shrub, build the ratio that the group stablizes 25 of arbors seed is mixed, must seed mixture.
4) in every square metre of greening base material 8kg, plant loam 140kg the ratio mix even, base material mixture.
5) step 3) gained seed mixture and step 4) gained base material mixture mix is even, obtain the seed base material mixture.
6) step 5) is got the seed base material mixture and be ejected into mining on the ground, jet thickness is 8～10cm, sprays thing unit weight and is controlled to be 1.2～1.35g/cm
3
7) when the minimum altitude of arbor surpasses 5cm, adopting the mode that manually cradles to control the draft height is 4～7cm; When the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 10cm, adopt the mode of manually wiping out to remove unnecessary small and weak relatively tree and shrubs, control shrub density is 8 strains/m
2, the control tree density is 4 strains/m
2
8) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 25cm, adopt plastic sack that tree and shrubs is hidden temporarily, and be the chlormequat soup of 100mg/L to draft leaf layer spray concentration.
9) after step 8) implemented for 2 weeks, spray the resistance high-nutrition foliage fertilizer to tree and shrubs, extension rate is 500 times.
10) do wet situation according to vegetation growth state and base material mixture, carry out the Routine Management of moisture and nutrient.
Two, implementation result
The inventive method is applied to the vegetation planting of mining ground, compares with conventional method, and the result shows:
1) annual ryegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, weeping love grass, Coriaria sinica (seed is untreated) are sprouted basically identical; Sesbania, mountain green soy bean germination rate improve 37% and 41% respectively, and the paspalum notatum germination rate improves 56%, and the shrubby flase indigo germination rate improves 60%, and white tattooing germination rate improves 33%, and the five-leaved chaste tree germination rate improves 34%, and the white popinac germination rate improves 40%.
2) herbaceous plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 24%, the heavy average increase by 20% of root; Woody plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 33%, the heavy average increase by 38% of root; Woody plant growth of seedling gesture on average improves 25%, and herbaceous plant growth potential on average reduces by 36%; Herbaceous plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 82%, and woody plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 85%; Herbaceous plant survival rate raising 58%, woody plant survival rate improve 79% when getting over the summer in 1 year; The herbaceous plant survival rate improves 64% when surviving the winter in 1 year, and the woody plant survival rate improves 82%.
Claims (1)
1. the construction method of a plant communities in southwest area is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) select suitable southwest pioneer's property draft, pioneer's property shrub, transitional draft, transition shrub, build the stable draft of group, build the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize the arbor seed, wherein pioneer's property draft is at least a in annual ryegrass, the sesbania, and pioneer's property shrub is the mountain green soy bean; Transitional draft is at least a in Bai Sanye, the Festuca Arundinacea, and transitional shrub is at least a in daghestan sweet clover, the Coriaria sinica; Building the stable draft of group is in green foxtail, weeping love grass, the paspalum notatum 2 kinds, building the group, stablize shrub be any more than 2 kinds or 2 kinds in horse sour jujube, pink indigo, shrubby flase indigo, white tattooing, the five-leaved chaste tree, builds that group to stablize arbor be at least a arbitrarily in locust tree, the white popinac;
2) selected part seed in the step 1) is carried out following processing: natural air drying behind sesbania, the mountain green soy bean usefulness soaked in cold water 8～12h; Natural air drying behind the daghestan sweet clover usefulness soaked in cold water 24h; Paspalum notatum with 60 ℃ of water logging kind 2～3h after natural air drying; Horse sour jujube, pink indigo, shrubby flase indigo, locust tree be with concentrated sulfuric acid seed soaking 10～20min, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing; White tattooing with 75 ℃ of water logging kind 24h after natural air drying; Five-leaved chaste tree is with the watery hydrochloric acid of mass concentration 0.9% seed soaking 24h, and natural air drying behind the hydrochloric acid is removed in washing; White popinac is with the concentrated sulfuric acid 10min that soaks seed, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing;
3) in step 2) implement after, in 100～200 of every square metre of pioneer's property draft, 20～40 in pioneer's property shrub, 20～40 of transitional draft, 10～30 in transitional shrub, build 150～250 of stable draft of group, build the group and stablize 30～50 in shrub, build the ratio that the group stablizes 15～25 of arbors and mix, must seed mixture;
4) mix in every square metre of greening base material 8～12kg, the ratio of planting loam 140～220kg, obtain base material mixture;
5) step 3) gained seed mixture and step 4) gained base material mixture mix is even, obtain the seed base material mixture;
6) the seed base material mixture that step 5) is obtained is ejected into the ground surface of a wound or degenerates on the ground, and jet thickness is 8～15cm, sprays thing unit weight and is controlled to be 1.2～1.35g/cm
3
7) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 5cm, adopting the mode that manually cradles to control the draft height is 4～7cm; When the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 10cm, adopt the mode of manually wiping out to remove unnecessary small and weak relatively tree and shrubs, control shrub density is 8～15 strains/m
2, the control tree density is 2～4 strains/m
2
8) when the woody plant minimum altitude surpasses 25cm, adopt plastic sack that tree and shrubs is hidden temporarily, and be the chlormequat soup of 80～100mg/L to herbaceous plant leaf layer spray concentration;
9) after step 8) implemented for 2 weeks, spray the resistance high-nutrition foliage fertilizer to tree and shrubs, extension rate is 500～800 times;
10) do wet situation according to vegetation growth state and base material mixture, carry out the Routine Management of moisture and nutrient.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101629845A CN101843191B (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2010-05-05 | Construction method of plant communities in southwest area |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101629845A CN101843191B (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2010-05-05 | Construction method of plant communities in southwest area |
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| CN101843191A CN101843191A (en) | 2010-09-29 |
| CN101843191B true CN101843191B (en) | 2011-11-16 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
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| CN102379174B (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-05-01 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method of vegetation restoration of red soil eroded degraded site |
| CN103703957B (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2016-06-29 | 长江大学 | A kind of bank protecting method of expressway slope |
| CN109220076A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-18 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of Sesbania seed processing method |
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