CN101839076A

CN101839076A - 15m big-depth land-saving house with good ventilation and lighting and energy conservation

Info

Publication number: CN101839076A
Application number: CN200910147097A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗进南
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-03-18
Filing date: 2009-05-29
Publication date: 2010-09-22

Abstract

The invention provides a land-saving house with big depth of larger than 13-17m and land-saving rate of around 30%. In the invention, main rooms are big and tidy with good lighting and strong practicability; the toilet has no window but has good ventilation and is bright and practical; double low-emissivity glazed windows, inner heat preservation maintenance wall with a low permeability layer close balcony, an additional entering sealed balcony and other novel energy conservation structures are coordinatively utilized, thus the energy conservation rate of the house can be up to an ultrahigh level of 80%. Compared with traditional building materials and technologies, the invention has low cost, simple operation, easy popularization, energy conservation, good living comfortability and belongs to short, smooth and fast technical projects with considerable value.

Description

Ventilation, daylighting, the energy-conservation 15 good m big-depths dwelling house that saves land

Ventilation, daylighting, the energy-conservation 15 good m big-depths dwelling house that saves land belongs to improvement to the large size house of existing form.

Illustrate: 15 m big-depths are not meant just in time 15 meters depth length.And be meant about 15 meters, 13 meters to 17 meters or bigger depth length.

In order to save the soil of building dwelling house, people increase the depth of dwelling house by fair means or foul.Usually depth is reached 11 to 13 meters dwelling house, be referred to as large size house.

Also have many people to pursue bigger depth, for example the residential building of 16 to 17 meters depth has appearred in the Beijing area.But facts have proved that this residential building is not appreciated good by people, be difficult to promote.There are many shortcomings in this residential building, and wherein subject matter is: the light and airing problem of this residential building is difficult to solve; Especially the room, dark lavatory that this dwelling house certainly exists, its ventilating problem, natural lighting are difficult to properly settle.

Where is problem so?

Analyze numerous residential buildings of China, can find, their majorities are two to advance room unit.

The implication of advancing:

In ancient building, advance with the meaning and the meaning of longitude and latitude be the same.Between what say is space between the horizontal pillar, what advance to say is space between vertical pillar.Ancients severally come in to represent that what specification the house is with several.Just the same with 3 rooms of now saying.

Among the present invention, the notion that will advance is promoted the use of in residential building, is used to describe the room configuration situation of housing unit.

In residential building of the present invention or dwelling house inner room, front and back are only disposed the situation of a sweep, be referred to as one and advance structure; Front and back are disposed situation between two shotgun houses, be referred to as two and advance structure; Front and back are disposed situation between three shotgun houses, be referred to as three and advance structure; Front and back are disposed situation between many shotgun houses, be referred to as to advance structure more.

By parity of reasoning, also has one to advance half, two and advance the half--configuration structure of----.

Wherein, we reach big room about 4 to 5 meters to those depth length, are referred to as a room that advances structure as most bedroom, the hall, study etc.Those depth length only there is cubicle about 2 to 3 meters,, is referred to as partly to advance the room of structure as most lavatory, storeroom, kitchen etc.

By parity of reasoning, can also have into that half hitch structure, two enters the super large room that structure, two is advanced the half hitch structure, elongated or more than half elongated hall as the front and back in some big cover type housing unit.

So just can know: problem goes out surpassing on two room units that advance.Everyly surpass two and enter the room, advance half structure as two, three structures of advancing,------all can inside middle partly advance or one advance or the room that advances more in, occur between dark place, dark lavatory occurs, secretly crouch, the room in dark Room and so on.These some rooms are referred to as secretly to advance or secretly advance the room.In like manner, housing unit front one is advanced and back one is advanced towards the room of exterior wall daylighting face being positioned at, and be referred to as to advance room and laggard room are referred to as and brightly advance or brightly enter the room.

As bedroom, the hall in the main room of frequent use, the room obviously should be avoided becoming secretly to advance in the kitchen.Thereby, have less important rooms such as a lavatory, storage room only and be elected to be and secretly enter the room.

But, the lavatory is said that becoming is less important room, only be comparatively speaking; The lavatory is also very important in fact.The reality tendency in the lavatory of Modern Residence is: area increases, quantity increases.In a cover dwelling house, two lavatories being set now, has been very general, very common reality.There are many people to advocate the lavatory to be arranged to the bright room that advances.Way like this, to cause the lavatory to occupy a bright shop front of entering the house at least, add the bright face of entering that the kitchen is shared, count the bright face of entering that the hall will take again in, the suite of one cover more than 100 square metre of building area, two shop fronts just has been difficult to arrange second bright room, bedroom that advances.This shows, this with save land the development trend of type dwelling house---depth strengthens, shop front width reduces, and the two is that opposite tendency, contradiction is very big fully.In order to maximally utilise the forward and backward bright daylighting face that advances of dwelling house, the lavatory in the housing unit should self-evidently be advanced to withdraw, and shifts to secretly, and makes it to become dark lavatory.

Otherwise, just have only the room quantity that reduces suite, promptly reduce bright bedroom, the hall that advances, enable the dark bedroom that is positioned at secretly to advance, the dark hall.Obviously such way, more not all right.

Both weigh mutually and get that it is light, by comparison, still should adopt dark lavatory.

Yet the ventilation blowdown in dark lavatory is handled, and but is a very insoluble problem.

At present, thinking that dark lavatory do not have natural lighting, be difficult to the blowdown of ventilating, preferably use dark lavatory less, almost is the suggestion common recognition of generality.

Here it is perplexs the difficult problem that we break through large size house for a long time, have no idea actually, have condition to be overcome?

Two patent application technological projects that I propose provide good condition and effective method for overcoming this difficult problem:

1, No. 200810173432.7, Chinese patent application, " the thick gas-bearing formation multi-glass energy-saving windows of high mechanical-seal filterings such as precision ".

Wherein mention: " facts have proved of trial-production test: the Coefficient K value of the double-layer glass plastic-steel sliding window of (the online LOW-E of 5+16A+5) has reached 1.85W/m ².k high level.”

2, with the present patent application while, by the Chinese patent application " masonry or concrete structure " of my submission with inner thermal insulating layer of multipurpose less permeable layer.

The effective thermal resistance of the interior heat preservation maintenance wall of wherein mentioning can reach to 2.0 to 2.8m easily ².k/W the high level about.

We can be basic condition with these two technology, carry out further technological innovation, capture a large size house building difficult problem.

The purpose of invention: guaranteeing that the residential building dwelling house generally under good, the well-ventilated of illumination, good, the energy-conservation good premise of blowdown, brings up to 13 to 17 meters or longer with the average depth length of residential building.

The method of invention:

1, according to concrete needs and actual conditions, increase as far as possible various rooms in the dwelling house depth length, guaranteeing that the room has under the prerequisite of enough natural lightings, the room (being generally south orientation, east orientation) that will advance is increased to more than 5 to 6 meters, and the depth length in laggard room is increased to more than 4 to 5 meters; (in the following narration these the two kinds rooms that so strengthen being referred to as to surpass into room) also suitably reduces its shop front width;

2, adopt the good thick air gap LOW-E of the air filtration double-layer glass energy saving window of the transparency (to consult No. 200810173432.7, the Chinese patent application that I submit to, " the thick gas-bearing formation multi-glass energy-saving windows of high mechanical-seal filterings such as precision ".) or LOW-E hollow glass energy saving window, so that reach and surpass under 50% or 65% the prerequisite, increase the daylighting area and the transparency of transparency window, to guarantee the abundant daylighting in each room at the building energy saving rate that guarantees residential building as far as possible;

(illustrate: in housing construction, account for about 30 to 40% of the total windage of heat from the window dispersed heat.After window increased, its heat scattered and disappeared and will increase more.Therefore in relevant building standard,, be controlled to be 1/6 to 1/8 of window place room area to the area of light inlet window.Two kinds of windows recited above---the thick air gap LOW-E of air filtration double-layer glass energy saving window and LOW-E hollow glass energy saving window, has extremely good thermal transmittance, they can break through this restriction fully, can be when increasing the window daylighting area significantly, and the heat that significantly reduces window scatters and disappears.Particularly the thick air gap LOW-E of air filtration double-layer glass energy saving window is not only that its Coefficient K value reaches 1.85 high level; And light transmission and sunshade are fabulous, price is extremely cheap, application life is extremely long, sound insulation value is fabulous, very worth employing and popularization.

In the present embodiment, the function of use of these energy-saving windows or application target have 3 points: the one, and what guarantee that the present invention advocated surpasses into that big room obtains sufficient natural lighting illumination; The 2nd, guarantee one advance half or the super large hall of two depth length obtain sufficient natural lighting illumination, be good natural lighting illumination at least; The 3rd, guarantee that suite inside secretly enters the cubicle or the passageway of part, can as often as possible obtain the illuminating of surplus light of natural lighting in the hall.)

3, adopt inner thermal insulating layer with multipurpose less permeable layer high energy-conservation in the heat-preserving building form safeguard that the effective thermal resistance of body of wall rises to 2.0 to 2.8m so that make outward ².k/W about, (consult the Chinese patent application project " masonry or concrete structure " that I submit to inner thermal insulating layer of multipurpose less permeable layer.Thereby) be that the daylighting area that enlarges transparency window is striven for condition more fully;

4, in the dwelling house suite, reasonable distribution is arranged different types of room to suitable position, its distribution principle is: main big room such as bedroom, the hall, kitchen is arranged on outer boundary brightly advances part, so that fully daylighting, small-sized, less important room such as lavatory, storage room is configured in by the lining and secretly advances part, so that daylighting face is vacated to main room.So in the area of plane of dwelling house suite, form two and advance half room unit or the general layout of advancing room unit more; Simultaneously according to concrete needs, specifically may, increase the bright depth length of entering the room of each as far as possible, become the super large room that surpasses into whole or in part until them; Reach in large size house, obtain the how bright room area that advances, reduce the purpose of secretly advancing room area simultaneously as far as possible;

So design of excavation property makes the average depth length of residential building reach 13 to 17 meters the most at last, reaches even to surpass 17 meters depth length;

5, adopt the method set up extraordinary vent (-escape) raise (2) or horizontal ventilating duct (3), be configured in inner in secretly advancing lavatory (5) or (6) in contaminated air row of producing to outdoor.

Adopt drawings and Examples described below, method of the present invention is further detailed.

Accompanying drawing 1: large size house building suite room configuration floor map;

Accompanying drawing 2: large size house building suite room configuration floor map (the contiguous escalator of lavatory and vent (-escape) raise)

Accompanying drawing 3: the top layer rear portion is removed in the large size house building, forms the side elevational schematic view of big step.

In the accompanying drawing: (1) safeguards ventilating duct (4) daylighting window (5) that body of wall (2) vent (-escape) raise (3) leads to outdoor horizontal direction separately (6) and connect between the lavatory (7) staircase or the laggard room of escalator (8) (9) is bright advances room or the room that advances (10) hot water conduit pipe and tap water water pipeline between the lavatory

Large size house of the present invention building has parts such as the body of wall of maintenance (1), floor, roof, door and window as shown in Figure 1, it is characterized in that:

The depth configuration structure of the dwelling house suite of a, its whole dwelling house suites or part is two to advance half hitch structure or three and advance structure or advance several configurations more, thereby makes the average depth length of these dwelling house suites reach 13 to 17 meters, and is perhaps longer;

B, partly advancing or one advancing or one enter half room and all be or partly be between dark place in the inside of these dwelling house suites;

C, among between these dark places or close position be provided with up/down perforation, until the vent (-escape) raise (2) of roof or lead to the ventilating duct (3) of outdoor horizontal direction, be used to discharge the pollution waste gas between these inner dark places by ground floor.

Illustrate:

Residential building of the present invention has one deck to the multi-story layer, has contained top layer dwelling house, multi-storey building, little high residential building, high residential building and ranch house.Also comprise some office building.

The dark recessed region that belongs to bosom also has one and advances half, two and advance or the more profound hall extends from light inlet window and comes, and not necessarily all is between dark place here therefore.

For between dark place, should take various indoor lighting measures to take the bright surplus light of illumination that enters the room of the big hall and other, realize MIN natural lighting.

For the suite that is positioned at the residential building two ends, can and should make full use of the gable at two ends, the daylighting of windowing will be changed into bright room between the part dark place that secretly advances.

Employing is provided with the method for secretly entering the room to be increased after the depth of residential building, how to come to reduce the area that secretly enters the room as far as possible, increases the bright area that enters the room, will become a key issue that determines its win or lose.

A kind of increase bright advance room area and the effective form that secretly advances the ratio of room area are proposed now; It is characterized in that: with all or part of bright room that advances, strengthen as the depth in rooms such as bedroom, the hall, be the super large room that surpasses into until wherein whole rooms or part room as far as possible, advances half or one comprising one and advance the half above big hall.

Illustrate: increase and to be positioned at the bright bedroom of advancing part, main room such as the hall is the super large room that surpasses into, and as many as the increase brightly enters the room and occupy the area ratio of housing unit, reduced simultaneously and secretly advanced room area occupied ratio.This will very promote the Practical Performance of dwelling house suite effectively, reduce it and use defective.

Increase the bedroom area, become a kind of trend of housing construction at present, the present invention proposes surpasses into big bedroom, with this development trend be corresponding to, this big bedroom was both practical, again fashion.And the back will be mentioned, it is very cheap cheapness still, and is very economical.

The practical value that increases the large size house of area also is embodied in, and its compound with regular structure is easy to finishing, is easy to arrange electrical lighting, and the decoration illuminating effect in its night will be good especially.From one day 24 hours overall decoration results and inhabitation result of use, as long as design is good, it can't be inferior to the residential building of existing general depth.

To the particularly explanation of enclosed balcony of balcony: this is the prolongation of entering the room to bright, helps increasing bright functional performance, depth length and the effective area that enters the room, but has increased layer window, and transparency, the daylighting area of window are had higher requirement.

After having increased the depth length of residential building significantly, after having increased the bright depth length of entering the room significantly, how to solve their natural lighting intensity of illumination problem, how to solve the problem of large size house room light luminance shortage, will become the key issue of standing in the breach.

Residential building of the present invention adopts the method for arranging to be provided with the novel energy-conserving window that is beneficial to enhancing daylighting intensity to solve.This residential building is characterised in that: in each dwelling house suite, brightly advance the outer of room and safeguard that the whole or most daylighting exterior window on the body of wall adopts the transparency good thick air gap LOW-E of air filtration double-layer glass energy saving window or LOW-E hollow glass energy saving window, thereby, impel the indoor enough bright necessary condition of creating for adding the area of large windows.

Illustrate:

The thick air gap LOW-E of air filtration double-layer glass energy saving window or LOW-E hollow glass energy saving window are consulted No. 200810173432.7, the Chinese patent application that I submit to, " the thick gas-bearing formation multi-glass energy-saving windows of high mechanical-seal filterings such as precision ".Wherein, the thick air gap LOW-E of air filtration double-layer glass energy saving window can make the Coefficient K value reach 1.8 to 2.0W/m easily ².k high level, simultaneously its light-transmission coefficient can reach about 0.7 to 0.8, shading coefficient Sc value reaches about 0.53.This makes it can break through the restriction of relevant code of building energy efficiency to window areas, increases the window daylighting area significantly.

Here also have a thing followed fringe benefit, increase the area of light inlet window, help on the exterior wall of whole residential building, planned, on purpose increase window areas, increase its specious performance; This is a kind of desired for the building designers of many pursuit architectural designs U.S., rare one supremacy clause of meeting.

Brightly enter the room, be main room such as bedroom, the hall, kitchen.Its frequency of utilization height, the human settlements time is long, as long as there is the people to be in, just can not leave good illumination light a moment.To natural illumination the requirement height.

For this reason, light transmission is good, heat preservation energy-saving performance, sunshade performance, the thick air gap LOW-E of air filtration double-layer glass energy saving window or LOW-E medi-empty glass window that sound insulation value is fabulous, be used in the bright room that advances, particularly super dark super large bright enters the room, and this is very wise, very appropriate a kind of design decision.

Foregoing, residential building of the present invention also comprises some office building.So office building is actually a kind of does not have that kitchen, lavatory are suitably concentrated, number or the very big residential building of inside space mobility scale between its cover type room.

A lot of for number between cover type room, the larger situation of lavatory area wherein, the lavatory should not be arranged on secretly, and should be arranged on brightly to advance.But foregoing increasing is bright advance the room depth, to adopt the feature of the thick air gap LOW-E of air filtration double-layer glass energy saving window but be suitable especially to it.

Secretly enter the room that the room comprises the suite inside of dark lavatory, dark storage room or other kind for what be positioned at suite inside, should note suitable height, offer the indoor lighting window, strive for obtaining MIN natural lighting illumination at favored site.

Residential building will realize increasing the area of exterior wall light inlet window as far as possible, according to the regulation of relevant code of building energy efficiency, also has a kind of method to adopt, and increases substantially the outer heat-insulating property of safeguarding body of wall exactly, improves its thermal resistance value.

This can adopt " masonry or concrete structure with inner thermal insulating layer of multipurpose less permeable layer " technology.It is characterized in that: the outer body of wall of safeguarding of residential building is made the interior heat preservation maintenance wall structure with less permeable layer, and this inner thermal insulating layer of safeguarding wall body structure has LOW-E hollow insulation construction layer or light material insulation layer or by these two compound insulation structure layer that is composited.

Illustrate: have the interior heat preservation maintenance wall structure of less permeable layer, consult and the present patent application while, by the Chinese patent application " masonry or concrete structure " of my submission with inner thermal insulating layer of multipurpose less permeable layer.

Safeguard body of wall: safeguarding that body of wall is meant comprises body of wall, roof panel, floor and is that the building of major part or pith is safeguarded body with the body of wall.

The thermal resistance value of heat preservation maintenance wall can reach 2.0 at an easy rate to 2.8m in this ².k/W about,,, just can increase considerably the area of illuminated window according to the regulation of relevant energy-saving design in construction standard along with the thermal resistance of safeguarding body of wall is brought up to the higher level that exceeds general wall heat resistance.Thereby present embodiment adopts the measure of the interior heat preservation maintenance wall structure with less permeable layer, adopts the measure of the thick air gap LOW-E of air filtration double-layer glass energy saving window or LOW-E hollow glass energy saving window with a last embodiment, and both complement each other, bring out the best in each other; Both adopt together, can, impel large size house of the present invention building to greatest extent, can offer more large-area exterior wall light inlet window, can access the illumination of daylighting better more fully.

Employing has the interior heat preservation maintenance wall structure of less permeable layer, can improve the thermal resistance value of safeguarding body of wall greatly, thereby improve the building energy saving rate of residential building greatly, but prevent freeze injury, dewfall, the problem of going mouldy of its cold bridge node are big problems that influences residential building application life, functional performance, in the patent application of " masonry or concrete structure ", this has been proposed a series of improvement measure with inner thermal insulating layer of multipurpose less permeable layer.And large size house of the present invention house, especially for prevent to adopt this in insulation form bright advance the cold bridge node in room freeze injury, dewfall, go mouldy, very good conditioned disjunction opportunity is provided.This is a kind of insulation construction that adopts enclosed balcony, it is characterized in that:

A, the bright back of entering the room in the bright front of entering the room and back in front respectively are provided with the enclosed balcony that a row is equipped with enough area transparency windows, form the bright into room that adds that enters the room;

B, this adds the bright whole width that advance the export-oriented face in room before and after occupying of room into, perhaps occupies the bright width that advances the key cold bridge node in room before and after being enough to clad, and forms that protection is bright advances the humiture spatial transition that room cold bridge node is avoided freeze injury, dewfall, gone mouldy.

This need be described in detail:

It is 1, bright before and after the cladding that to advance the key cold bridge node in room be to indicate room into towards positions such as concrete component such as the constructional column in the external world, collar tie beams.The bright whole width that advance the export-oriented face in room are in order to protect all relevant cold bridge nodes, to prevent to omit, causing a hidden trouble before and after occupying.

This two rows enclosed balcony will further increase the front and back depth of residential building or suite, the area that makes every cover dwelling house suite have tens square metres to tens of square metres significantly.They can make the depth of residential building be increased to about 17 meters or be bigger.For this reason, be necessary to control the depth that the room is respectively entered in adjustment, making total depth is the big of appropriateness, and too not huge.

2, should notice that appropriateness strengthens this enclosed balcony extroversion is windowed and introversion is windowed daylighting area and properties of transparency.

3, " form protection bright advance the humiture spatial transition that room cold bridge node is avoided freeze injury, dewfall, gone mouldy " is to indicate the into spatial transition in room and outdoor air environment.The transition degree in this space is controlled, can control with the insulation construction of safeguarding body of wall of enclosed balcony or insulation degree, extroversion insulation construction that area, extroversion window or insulation degree, introversion insulation construction or the insulation degree that area, introversion window of windowing of windowing.For example the body of wall of safeguarding of enclosed balcony can adopt energy-conservation brick, energy-saving mortar building; Extroversion is windowed and introversion is windowed all can adopt single-glass or double-layer glass, also can adopt the thick air gap double-layer glass of energy-conservation hollow glass or air filtration; Hollow glass or double-layer glass can adopt simple glass or stained glass or LOW-E glass, also can reasonably make up the glass that adopts these kinds.Can also on windowing, extroversion use ultraviolet ray intercepting glass

Extroversion is windowed and introversive insulation construction of windowing can be identical, also can be different.

Brightly advance that room cold bridge node is avoided freeze injury, dewfall, the control degree of the humiture of going mouldy from protecting; this spatial transition does not need excessive control; do not need to control the air-conditioner temperature that reaches indoor; only need winter and be controlled at about zero degree, summer, control did not form greenhouse effect just in enclosed balcony.From the function of use of balcony, be controlled at winter about zero degree, summer, control did not form greenhouse effect, had enough satisfied instructions for use---and this has been a lot better than general non-enclosed balcony.

4, the temperature of this spatial transition control is very flexible and changeable: as long as in winter, shut that extroversion is windowed and introversion is windowed; When turning on the aircondition summer, shut introversion and window; When closing air-conditioning, open suitably that extroversion is windowed and introversion is windowed ventilates, spring and autumn, according to the ventilation needs, appropriateness was windowed during the sky.Extroversion is windowed, and screen window should be arranged.

So flexible temperature control is regulated, and with the general house dwelling house adjusting temperature of windowing, almost is the same arbitrarily easy.

5, two rows' enclosed balcony before and after this, or two cubicles that add into, quantity is very many, area is also very big, when winter, summer, its temperature environment is more much better than outdoor environment, and daylighting is very good again, and being really provides number between rare practical living space and practical room for every cover dwelling house; Improved the diversity of house type, rich, practicality, comfortableness widely, it make the room of every cover dwelling house suite total between number increase about 50%, improved the practical value of suite greatly.

These group two row's cubicles can also should carry out further Secondary Design, for arranging best purposes in each enclosed balcony room.As can be arranged between enclosed balcony, indoor garden, indoor vegetable garden, indoor lawn, motion, between recreation, between solar energy housing, solarization clothing, storage room, second bedroom ... or the like.

So-called second bedroom is meant comparatively simple small and exquisite bed can be set on the enclosed balcony of outside, bedroom, optionally has a rest, sleeps for the bedroom owner.

On the daytime in sunny winter, in the night in summer, the temperature between enclosed balcony is also wanted livable-in than its adjacent bedroom (not turning on the aircondition); In season in spring and autumn, no matter round the clock, the temperature suitable degree of enclosed balcony, and not second to its bedroom, next door; Thereby, throughout the year, there is the time about 70%, the livable-in of enclosed balcony will equal or be better than the condition in its bedroom, next door.

This does not still continue the basic function of use of having replenished the bedroom, and it can also increase the function of use that improves the bedroom:

At first, it makes each bedroom become bedroom, multiple chamber by the single chamber bedroom, by the separate room, become inner room.

(it can also make the hall and kitchen also become the multiple chamber hall, multiple kitchen, chamber.) large numbers of inner rooms just appearred in the dwelling house suite like this, should: the overall function of use of this dwelling house suite is to have improved greatly.

Secondly, live in the night in summer on the nice and cool enclosed balcony, the sky at sunshine in winter lives on the warm balcony, can turn on the aircondition; And the other times in summer because the energy-saving heat preserving performance of dwelling house is good, stay in the bedroom, only need open electric fan, just can get along; Winter At All Other Times, same because the energy-saving heat preserving performance of dwelling house is good, do not open or the heating system of turning on the aircondition less also can livable-in, this is energy-saving residence still not, and has been a kind of quite effectively zero energy consumption, low energy consumption dwelling house.

Do not turn on the aircondition, or turn on the aircondition less, the air that also helps the room is fresh, helps away from air conditioner disease, and this is a kind of place of bright spot of pretty good healthy green housing.In a word, two numerous cubicles or enclosed balconies that add into of good appropriate design, can make each bedroom in the suite and the hall, kitchen realize multiple chamberization, inner roomization, energy-conservationization, low energy consumptionization, multipurposeization, the front and back depth of dwelling house suite can be further strengthened, the function of use and the functional performance of dwelling house suite can be promoted greatly.

Can also find out other purposes.But be noted that the tall and big object of placement of arranging not placed in the middle, in order to avoid influence daylighting, the ventilation in main body room.The interior of this kind balcony can also be provided with various forms of insulation layers to metope or export-oriented metope, so that strengthen its heat-insulating property.

This balcony should safeguard the front and back body of wall of residential building and carry out all standing, if can not all standing, should add the insulation construction layer of other form of covering on the area that does not cover, and forms hybrid-type insulation covering.

6, these add the bright whole width that advance the export-oriented face in room before and after occupying of room into, how to handle for the aft section of staircase?

Add into that the room must not interrupt in the staircase back, this cold bridge node that can cause the constructional column, collar tie beam etc. at this place to be located exposes, harm such as form freeze injury, dewfall, go mouldy.Can will move behind the staircase, move or move down half room height on the balcony table top with this place, make the balcony table top become the halfpace that stair are turned back and located.Like this can one-object-many-purposes, both can significantly reduce length and area occupied that staircase gos deep into residential building, improve effective room ratio of dwelling house suite quite effectively, protected the cold bridge node at this place again.

Also the partially enclosed balcony UNICOM at rear portion, the every unit of residential building can be formed the sealing corridor, reach the purpose at terraced many families.

7, these enclosed balconies or add into room can have the different depth length of appropriateness, thereby form regular, regular concavo-convex variation on the facade of the front and back of residential building, make the good looking appearance of residential building generous, agile type arranged.

8, the big face in front and back of imitation residential building is provided with the enclosed balcony of heat-preserving anti-freezing or adds the into method of cubicle, the cold bridge node that respectively enters the room of residential building side, also can add multiduty enclosed balcony is set, or be provided with additional between cubicle (this is a kind of residential building side that is positioned at, and is used to form the little standard width of a room in an old-style house (suitably little) room of humiture spatial transition.Cubicle also should occupy entire area or most of area of residential building side between this adding; Its purposes is also very wide, and can deeply excavate) carry out heat-preserving anti-freezing.

9, insulation housing construction in this enclosed balcony is specially adapted to, especially foregoing " masonry or concrete structure " with inner thermal insulating layer of multipurpose less permeable layer, it equals to have covered the external thermal insulation that one deck is very abundant, thermal resistance is very big outside inside heat insulation wall body.(thermal resistance value 0.5 to 1.0m ².k/W about) thereby, it can effectively protect it to safeguard body of wall and all cold bridge nodes thereof under covering, and makes the harm that they avoid being subjected to freeze injury, dewfall, go mouldy.

10, this enclosed balcony that sets in a row continuously or to add the sound insulation value in room into very outstanding is shut after extroversion is windowed and introversion is windowed, and uses the difference of glass according to window, its sound insulation value can be up to 50 to 60 decibels about.This can improve sound insulation noise control performance, the and comfortable for living performance of dwelling house greatly.

Because the temperature on the enclosed balcony seldom might be reduced to below 0 ℃, (heat-insulating property of enclosed balcony is equivalent to add a wall, under the situation that does not increase window wall insulation measure, its thermal resistance value 0.4 to 0.5m ².k/W about) can not make the inner frosting of glass air gap, the dewfall of the double window that the introversion that is positioned at its inside windows, thereby the introversion of this enclosed balcony is windowed suitable especially install " the thick gas-bearing formation multi-glass energy-saving windows of high mechanical-seal filterings such as precision ".

11, the introversion of enclosed balcony is windowed, and when thick air gap double-layer glass of air filtration or hollow glass were installed, its sound insulation decibel value reached more than 30, and miniature ventilation fan can here be installed; Low noise ventilation fan and low noise ventilation system thereof that I propose in Chinese patent application No. 200410036785.4 " improving the low noise broad sense air-conditioning system of air filtration combination property significantly " particularly can be installed.At this moment the ventilation noise of hearing in the bedroom can hang down to about 10 decibels.This is a kind of quiet draft type fully, and is a kind of super-silent draft type of high-quality.Note that this is a very marvelous advantage.In the future can be very easily, for each bedroom and the hall are all installed alone super-silent miniature ventilation system.This is again a kind of place of bright spot of pretty good healthy green housing.

12, these enclosed balconies or add into room, and the construction of cubicle is easy between additional, price is not high, and application life is identical with the life-span of main building, is easy to popularize.

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The ventilation blowdown problem that is arranged in the dark lavatory of secretly advancing then needs to adopt installation vent (-escape) raise (2) or horizontal ventilating duct (3) to solve.

Be provided with the large size house building of vent (-escape) raise (2), it is characterized in that:

A, vent (-escape) raise (2) connect through roof by bottom of residential building, and its cross-sectional area is several square decimeters to several square metres;

The bottom of b, vent (-escape) raise (2) is provided with leads to outdoor horizontal air chimney, makes it to become all ventilative vent (-escape) raise in two ends up and down, in this horizontal air chimney air filter or throttling arrangement can be set;

C, vent (-escape) raise (2) accept secretly to advance the dusty gas that room (mainly being dark lavatory) is discharged from what be positioned at the relevant dwelling house suite of each floor by electrically ventilating machine and unidirectional non-return Ventilating valve, and its top is installed electrically ventilating machine or relied on the power-actuated unpowered ventilation fan of natural wind.

Illustrate: unpowered ventilation fan: be the principle of utilizing the nature air convection current, the air of any parallel direction is flowed, change from bottom to top vertical air into and flow, with a kind of blower fan of the effect that improves the room ventilation ventilation.Indoor hot gas, moisture and peculiar smell are got rid of in its not electricity consumption, but long-term operation.The bottom of vent (-escape) raise (2) is provided with leads to outdoor horizontal air chimney, can introduce fresh air stream from the residential building bottom, and gas is discharged in the pollution that waters down in the courtyard.Fresh air comes from outdoor or staircase.

Be positioned at the lavatory of suite inside, usually adopt the method solution of opening lavatory vented exhaust window in the recessed dark lane of wall setting behind residential building now.Yet lengthening along with the room depth length of laggard room (8), when this depth length reaches 5 meters, the shared building area in dark lane can very big very big (can reach greater than 6 square metres/every cover), and the exterior wall wall of its increase also can be a lot, its adjacent room area can reduce a lot, and becomes long and narrow impracticable.The daylighting illuminating effect in simultaneously dark lane is still not ideal.

Pollution foul smell in employing vent (-escape) raise (2) the discharge lavatory is than the superior place of method for exhausting, dark lane of recessed body of wall commonly used now: the building materials that effective usable floor area of dwelling house suite is increased greatly, the exterior wall area significantly reduce, the unit building area uses significantly reduce.Wherein, get rid of the employing in the dark lane of ventilation after, vacate its area occupied after, be positioned at herein bright and advance room area and increase greatly, house type is more regular, its practical performance or practical value improve greatly.

It can also significantly reduce the exterior wall area, reduces building materials and uses, and the more important thing is the body coefficient that can reduce residential building very significantly, (the body coefficient of residential building of the present invention is reduced to about 0.2 to 0.25.Usually the body coefficient of residential building is more than 0.3.Thereby) the exterior wall heat radiation is significantly reduced, the overall building energy saving rate of residential building is improved greatly.(on 50% or 65% the basis that current building energy saving rate generally reaches, improve again about 10%, note that and improve again about 10% that this is a very big ratio amplitude.)

For this reason, should take suitable insulation measure to vent (-escape) raise (2).

The topmost service object of vent (-escape) raise (2) is the dark lavatory of secretly advancing in the room.

Embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing 1,2 has just comprised vent (-escape) raise (2) and dark room, lavatory, it is characterized in that:

A, (5) between an independent lavatory be arranged on individually or with (6) between two lavatories and be arranged on with connecting the dwelling house suite inside secretly enter the position,

B, vent (-escape) raise (2) is arranged on the position of (5) place area between independent lavatory or its contiguous position, or is arranged on two and connect area position, (6) place or its contiguous position between the lavatory;

C, separately between the lavatory (5) or and connect between each lavatory of (6) between the lavatory in, the electrically ventilating machine and the unidirectional non-return ventilation valve that lead to vent (-escape) raise (2) are set, be used for discharging to the external world and pollute waste gas by vent (-escape) raise (2).

Present embodiment has illustrated very clearly how the dark lavatory that is arranged in secretly to advance solves its ventilation blowdown problem.

The front was once mentioned: the bottom of vent (-escape) raise (2) is provided with leads to outdoor horizontal air chimney, makes it to become ventilative up and down vent (-escape) raise.

Can utilize staircase or escalator to replace the effect of horizontal air chimney.

So the residential building that is provided with is characterized in that as shown in Figure 2:

A, (5) between an independent lavatory be arranged on individually or with (6) between two lavatories and be arranged on the next door of the staircase or the escalator (7) of housing unit with connecting;

B, vent (-escape) raise (2) also is arranged on the next door of staircase or escalator (7), and is provided with in the appropriate location at bottom position and leads to vent (-escape) raise (2) by staircase or escalator (7), the subsidiary ventilation window that one way stop peturn valve is arranged above it.

Illustrate:

Utilize staircase or escalator, draw outside air, and the setting of saving bottom air inlet airduct.

Particularly for the escalator setting the subsidiary ventilation window that one way stop peturn valve is arranged, the differential pressure of atmospheric pressure that can utilize elevator to move up and down and produce, air is pumped into vent (-escape) raise (2) automatically, the unpowered ventilation fan that causes to save the top installation electrically ventilating machine of vent (-escape) raise (2) or rely on wind-force.(also can the both be provided with, both work simultaneously)

In order to solve the natural illumination problem in dark lavatory, have at least illumination condition by day in order to make it, can be in (5) or and connect on the wall surface of the appropriate position of (6) between the lavatory and offer borrow light or printing opacity high-light window (consulting accompanying drawing 2) between the lavatory separately.

Vent (-escape) raise (2) can also have other use, and it can become the vent (-escape) raise of using that improves the dwelling house solar water heater system more.

The large size house building that is provided with like this, it is characterized in that: in vent (-escape) raise (2), setting is communicated to the hot water conduit pipe and the tap water water pipeline (10) of the solar water heater of roof by lavatory (5) or (6), can also utilize vent (-escape) raise (2) that the indoor heat insulating storage tank of solar water heater is set.

Present embodiment has fundamentally solved the problem, the insulation problem and the antifreeze problem of pipeline of built-in attractive in appearanceization of pipeline of the inlet and outlet pipe lines of solar water heater.The indoor heat insulating storage tank of solar water heater also is quite practical facility, and nearly indoor heat insulating storage tank in the presence of helps the instant-heating of solar water, is convenient to its use and using water wisely.

Large size house of the present invention building, because its depth length is very big, so a certain floor, suitably reduce some depth length, more limited to the influence of the dwelling house suite on this area, with regard to its final influence, at most, just revert to the ordinary residence suite of general depth.Yet this but creates fabulous condition for the large size house building of implementing to save land energy-conservation significantly.This residential building is characterized in that as shown in Figure 3:

A, this residential building are n floor (as shown in Figure 3, can increase one deck loft more than the roof layer), and its depth length is 13 to 17 meters or longer;

B, with this residential building maximum layer---the latter half of n floor removes suitable length, form a big step, perhaps adopt with quadrat method and form two-layer big step at n layer and n-1 layer.

Illustrate:

Big step of one deck described here or two-layer big step do not comprise the loft floor.

Three layers of step also can be implemented.More steps there is no need.

To adopt this removal uppermost storey aft section Method for Area (comprising the method that eliminates the back drift angle), to its objective is that the house in order reducing this residential building back forms the sunshade effect, is in order to reduce the middle floor interval of two residential buildings.

Be under constant prerequisite, to increase the depth length of residential building with the purpose or the purposes of this purpose equivalence in the building.

Consult the residential building side elevational schematic view shown in the accompanying drawing 3: white portion is represented the floor facade of existing residential building among the figure, and this is one 7 floor, adds one deck loft.

Dot-hatched among the figure partly is the depth length that increases, because its 7 floor is top, does not strengthen depth length, thus with the fixed point distance in a building thereafter, can keep original distance.

The building of two residential buildings means employed land area apart from remaining unchanged, and remains unchanged.Use the same land area, the building area that the real income of the residential building of being built arrives is but different widely.If originally the depth of residential building is 10 meters, the depth that dash area increases is 5 meters, then uses same land area, can obtain 43% the area of residence more.This is equivalent to 30% soil saving rate.If promote in the whole nation, the dwelling house of annual 2000000000 square metres of building areas can be saved 2,000,000 mu soil.This is very huge, a very surprising numerical value ratio.With 1,000,000 yuan of calculating of every mu of land auction, just be worth 2,000,000,000,000 RMB.And in fact potential other value factor greatly in urban land belongs to rare priceless treasure.

This still is 7 layers of residential building, if little high level or high-rise building, its rate that saves land also can improve more.Can adopt conventional building materials, routine building technology if consider residential building of the present invention again, just can reach the building energy saving rate about 80%, should, this be for a certainty a kind ofly superly save land, the fabulous residence form of energy-saving.

In sum, key feature of the present invention is:

1, in residential building or housing unit, increased and secretly entered the room, be aided with and strengthen the bright depth length of entering the room, made their depth length reach 13 to 17 meters, longer even;

2, mainly be room, dark lavatory for secretly entering the room, vent (-escape) raise (2) be set, and this vent (-escape) raise is carried out structure optimization;

3, adopt the energy-efficient performance very excellent thick air gap LOW-E of air filtration double-layer glass energy saving window and LOW-E hollow glass energy saving window, and the very excellent novel interior heat preservation maintenance wall of employing energy-efficient performance, make under the prerequisite of the heat preservation energy-saving performance that does not reduce the house, can increase the daylighting area of window significantly, thereby improve the intensity of illumination in big depth room.

The major advantage of residential building of the present invention is: adopt 13 meters to 17 meters or the big depth length of big-length more, the rate of saving land of residential building is reached about 30%. Brightly advance at it, the room that strengthens after the depth is big and regular, and is dark and become clear, very practical; Although its lavatory is dark lavatory, the blowdown of ventilating can obtain MIN natural lighting, can satisfy practical needs. Being also advantageous in that of it: the concavo-convex rate of the exterior wall of building is minimum, and its body coefficient can be decreased to the minimum level about 0.2, very is conducive to improve building energy saving rate; Cooperate and adopt air filtration LOW-E double glazing Energy Saving Windows or LOW-E double glazing Energy Saving Windows; And cooperate employing to have the interior heat preservation maintenance wall of less permeable layer, can make the building energy saving rate of the residential building of masonry building of the present invention or concrete construction reach 80% superelevation level.

(the existing residential building in general depth as in the present invention, adopts air filtration LOW-E double glazing Energy Saving Windows or LOW-E double glazing Energy Saving Windows equally; And cooperate employing to have the novel interior heat preservation maintenance wall of less permeable layer, and be merely able to make building energy saving rate to reach 70%, building energy saving rate 70% is also all well and good certainly. Consult Chinese patent application " masonry or concrete structure with inner thermal insulating layer of multipurpose less permeable layer ")

Residential building of the present invention adopts traditional building materials, traditional build process, only just carries out limited change at the configuration design aspect of house type, just can promote very significantly that it saves land, energy-conservation performance. Its depth reaches 13 meters to more than 17 meters, and the rate of saving land can reach about 30% to 40%. Its main room is big and regular, deeply becomes clear, and is very practical; Though its lavatory is dark lavatory, but it is bright to ventilate, and can satisfy practical needs. Cooperation is adopted the LOW-E double glazed window, has the interior heat preservation maintenance wall of less permeable layer, is added into novel energy-conserving structures such as enclosed balconies, and building energy saving rate can reach 80% superelevation level. Especially it adopts when adding into enclosed balcony, it can not increase the land seizure area, seldom increase under the prerequisite of building cost, for every cover suite increases large numbers of practical cubicles, realize multiple chamber, inner room, energy-saving, low energy consumption, quietization, ventilationization, green health, the multipurpose in bedroom, the hall, kitchen or dining room, thereby promote very significantly Practical Performance, habitability energy, energy-efficient performance, the economic performance of residential building or dwelling house suite.

It adopts traditional building materials and build process, and it is cheap, and it is easy to start, promote easily, and its energy-saving scum, comfortable for living is good, and accessory has the instant-effective technology project of major application promotional value.

Claims

1. a large size house building has parts such as the body of wall of maintenance (1), floor, roof, door and window, it is characterized in that:

2. large size house according to claim 1 building, it is characterized in that: with all or part of bright room that advances, depth as rooms such as bedroom, the halls strengthens as far as possible, until wherein whole rooms or part room is the super large room that surpasses into, advances half or one comprising one and advances the half above big hall.

3. according to claim 1, the 2nd described large size house buildings, it is characterized in that: in each dwelling house suite, brightly advance the outer of room and safeguard that the whole or most daylighting exterior window on the body of wall adopts the transparency good thick air gap LOW-E of air filtration double-layer glass energy saving window or LOW-E hollow glass energy saving window, thereby, impel the indoor enough bright necessary condition of creating for adding the area of large windows.

4. large size house according to claim 1 building, it is characterized in that: its outer body of wall of safeguarding is made the interior heat preservation maintenance wall structure with less permeable layer, and this inner thermal insulating layer of safeguarding wall body structure has LOW-E hollow insulation construction layer or light material insulation layer or by these two compound insulation structure layer that is composited.

5. according to claim 1,2, the 4th described large size house buildings, it is characterized in that:

6. according to claim 1, the 2nd described large size house buildings, it is characterized in that:

7. according to claim 1, the 2nd described large size house buildings, it is characterized in that:

A, (5) between an independent lavatory be arranged on individually or with (6) between two lavatories and be arranged on dwelling house suite inside with connecting secretly enter the position,

8. large size house according to claim 7 building is characterized in that:

9. according to claim 1,2, the 8th described large size house buildings, it is characterized in that: in vent (-escape) raise (2), setting is communicated to the hot water conduit pipe and the tap water water pipeline (10) of the solar water heater of roof by lavatory (5) or (6), can also utilize vent (-escape) raise (2) that the indoor heat insulating storage tank of solar water heater is set.

10. according to claim 1, the 2nd described large size house buildings, it is characterized in that:

A, this residential building are the n floor, and its depth length is 13 to 17 meters or longer;