A kind of tandem shipbuilding method of chemical carrier
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of ships, relate to the tandem shipbuilding method of a kind of tandem shipbuilding method of boats and ships, particularly a kind of chemical carrier.
Background technology
Along with the development of ship building industry, the sectional construction technology reaches its maturity, and is fewer and feweri the quantity that whole ship is divided into segmentation, and segmentation weight is also increasing, and most shipyards adopt large-scale building berth shipbuilding.When shipyard carries out integrated planning at the construction initial stage, can determine the yardstick of building berth according to actual construction ability and the yardstick that can build maximum boats and ships, but the principal dimensions of the usual institute of possible shipyard shipbuilding oceangoing ship has a lot of places at leisure much smaller than the yardstick of building berth in the building berth, form a kind of huge waste.
Large-scale chemical carrier closes up the building berth of place for the band gradient, the construction of considering chemical carrier requires height, cycle is tight, add the place anxiety, for improving the degree of utilization of building berth, enhance productivity, shorten shipbuilding period, so adopting series system builds, promptly build last ship time at the close aquaporin place down of the front end of building berth, build the stern segmentation of a back ship in the building berth rear end, after last launching, again the stern segmentation of already made next ship or whole ship are displaced to front end from the rear end of building berth, and the stern segmentation of on the original position of stern segmentation of second ship, building the 3rd ship, so repeatedly, continuously, carry out ship building in an orderly manner.
Traditional boats and ships displacement method mainly contains mechanical type traction displacement method and floating type displacement method, and the characteristics of two kinds of methods are as follows:
(1) mechanical type traction displacement method
Mechanical type traction displacement method can rely on traction machine, controls the walk rate of stern segmentation (or whole ship) by speed reduction gearing, the stern segmentation is reorientated more accurately.Need the special-purpose shift mechanism of a cover but shortcoming is the method, this shift mechanism comprises traction machine, hawser, roller, sliding machine etc., and needs in the building berth bottom sliding rail is set, and costs an arm and a leg, troublesome poeration.
(2) floating type displacement method
The floating type displacement method mainly is the gate water inlet of opening building berth, utilizes self buoyancy to make stern segmentation or whole ship floating, and relies on the tractor equipment of building berth both sides or utilize other ships traction displacements.The floating type displacement method is simple and convenient, but need to be equipped with the special-purpose lift adjustment of cover mechanism after the displacement second positioning is carried out in the stern segmentation, and water level is also had certain requirement, the too low or very difficult realization in the excessive too fast place of drop at water level.
For now, use relatively manyly at most shipyard mechanical type traction displacement methods and floating type displacement method, corresponding specialized equipment is also many, as patent (application number 01105628.2) disclosed a kind of " secondary positioner of boats and ships stern complete cross section in dock ", what relate to is exactly the localization method of floating type displacement back stern segmentation.This method relates to bow registration device and the stern registration device that is arranged on boats and ships stern complete cross section front and back, the displacement of stern segmentation is carried out in dock, its registration device pedestal links together by fastener and adjusting cushion block and registration device base, pedestal is fastened on the dock bottom, spring conductor rod and spring are contained in the base, the bottom of base is placed with headblock, female mould of stern registration device and the female mould of bow registration device are housed on the base, and stern registration device androtype that contacts with hull bottom and bow registration device androtype cooperate with this with cooresponding female mould respectively regulates adjustable height.
This invention mainly contains two in the purpose that base is provided with spring: the one, and spring has very big elasticity, can absorb lot of energy in the deformation in compression process, plays buffer action, the enormous impact power that hull and dock are subjected to when reducing to locate; The 2nd, spring can keep certain deformation to regulate the height of registration device with the bow stern, the requirement of block telescopic variation when making it to satisfy stern and paragraphing pier, and can make things convenient for the dismounting of bow stern registration device.
Owing to can only adopt laser transit that it is carried out coarse positioning after the displacement of displacement floating type displacement method.If locate inaccurate, deviation appears in line of centers, be that the hull line of centers of benchmark just may depart from the building berth center line far away then with this line of centers, give the lifting of subsequent segment and close up and the measurement of hull principal dimension causes inconvenience, therefore the second positioning of stern segmentation must be determined line of centers and the tram of rib bit line in building berth more exactly, this has just proposed higher requirement to the accurate location of all bigger stern segmentation of quality and volume, is difficult to reach requirement for the general middle-size and small-size shipyard that does not have complete professional equipment.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the problems referred to above, provide a kind of equipment simple, easy to operate, can make full use of the tandem shipbuilding method of the chemical carrier of building berth, shortening shipbuilding period at the prior art existence.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following technical proposal: a kind of tandem shipbuilding method of chemical carrier, comprise the building berth of total length greater than the band slope of captain's degree, at the trailer coupling that is provided with the detent mechanism that is used to locate hull, the shift mechanism that is used for mobile hull on the building berth and when hull utilizes the self gravitation displacement, draws, described shift mechanism comprises the air bag and the Air compressor that is used for to above-mentioned airbag aeration that is used to support hull, and this tandem shipbuilding method comprises the steps:
A, build a ship time in the lower end of building berth near aquaporin place down, build the part-structure of No. two ships or No. two ships in the building berth upper end synchronously, a ship and No. two ships are respectively by detent mechanism location hull when building;
B, when ship build finish after, air bag is laid in bottom at a ship, with Air compressor the airbag aeration spreading is supported hull again, originally the detent mechanism that was used to locate this hull is shifted out, oppositely draw hull and slowly release with trailer coupling, a ship deadweight drives air bag and rolls on building berth, makes hull slide to down aquaporin;
C, launch a ship for No. one after, remove the place, lay air bag No. two boat bottom, make the airbag aeration spreading support hull with Air compressor, originally the detent mechanism that was used to locate this hull is shifted out, with the oppositely also slowly release of hull of No. two ships of traction of trailer coupling, No. two ships are because deadweight driving air bag rolls on building berth, and air bag drives hull and moves to a former ship position, building berth lower end;
D, after No. two ships slide into the appointed place, on the length direction of hull, finely tune calibration with trailer coupling, arrange detent mechanism again in the bottom of hull, air bag deflation is also removed, with the short transverse second positioning of detent mechanism to hull;
E, No. two ship positionnings are finished after, continue to build No. two ships, build the part-structure of another ship or ship simultaneously synchronously at former No. two ship positions, reciprocal with this.
A ship and No. two ships need to be consistent on short transverse, when closing up, segmental hoisting can guarantee accuracy rate like this, guarantee certain air pressure behind the airbag aeration, air bag is relevant with the air pressure of air bag itself with raising height to the bearing force of hull, friction force was smaller when air bag rolled on building berth, and it is more laborsaving to drag hull with the rolling of air bag.Air bag, trailer coupling and Air compressor are all very common, relatively simple for structure, easy to operate, do not need high cost.
In the tandem shipbuilding method of above-mentioned a kind of chemical carrier, cylindrical behind the described airbag aeration.Columniform air bag is easier at the time ratio of rolling, owing to be relative rolling between hull and the air bag, therefore is not easy to damage the paint of hull bottom in addition.
In the tandem shipbuilding method of above-mentioned a kind of chemical carrier, described No. two ships comprise the stern segmentation.Sometimes the ship total length of Jian Zaoing is long, may not hold two whole ships in the building berth and build simultaneously, so need to build earlier the stern segmentation of No. two ships.
In the tandem shipbuilding method of above-mentioned a kind of chemical carrier, described detent mechanism comprises at the laser transit of hull one side and the steel pier between hull bottom and ground, be placed with the timber wedge piece between part steel pier and the hull, be placed with jack between another part steel pier and the hull, the top of described timber wedge piece and jack leans mutually with hull respectively.
Earlier arrange a plurality of steel piers, measured deviate with laser transit again,, by interpolation on the steel pier or minimizing timber wedge piece steel pier and hull are stablized and contacted with the height of jack adjusting hull in the bottom of hull.
In the tandem shipbuilding method of above-mentioned a kind of chemical carrier, described detent mechanism comprises at the laser transit of hull one side and the steel pier between hull bottom and ground, be provided with the hydraulic pressure buttress that can adjust oneself height between described steel pier and the hull bottom, the two ends of this hydraulic pressure buttress contact with above-mentioned steel pier and hull bottom respectively.
The hydraulic pressure buttress comprises a bearing, has the screw rod of energy lifting on the bearing, and screw rod is driven by a hydraulic efficiency gear, is provided with self-locking structure between screw rod and the bearing.When needs position body section or whole ship, at first the hydraulic pressure buttress is placed on the steel pier, measure the height situation of hull with laser transit, the overhang of adjusting screw(rod) rises hull or descends, after hull height is adjusted, by the height of the locking of the self-locking structure on hydraulic pressure buttress hydraulic pressure buttress.
In the tandem shipbuilding method of above-mentioned a kind of chemical carrier, described jack is the manual type jack.
In the tandem shipbuilding method of above-mentioned a kind of chemical carrier, described trailer coupling comprises a winch that is fixed on the building berth and is positioned at fore the place ahead, is connected with steel rope between winch and the hull.Steel rope one cephalic disc is on winch, and the other end is connected with hull, controls the speed that hull moves by the burst size of control steel rope.
Compared with prior art, the tandem shipbuilding method of this chemical carrier has following advantage:
(1) can build the hull more than simultaneously, improve production efficiency;
(2) shared building berth of all ships of building simultaneously and lifting appliance have improved usage ratio of equipment;
(3) the water mode is simple under the hull, moves the ship just, to the accurate positioning of hull;
(4) involved equipment is not had specific (special) requirements, all equipment installation and convenient disassembly are reliable;
(5) involved device structure is simple, and productive costs is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the chemical carrier series connection is built and the displacement scheme drawing among the embodiment one.
Fig. 2 is the scheme drawing of steel pier among the embodiment one.
Fig. 3 is the scheme drawing of timber wedge piece among the embodiment one.
Fig. 4 is equipped with the steel pier of jack and the scheme drawing between the hull among the embodiment one.
Fig. 5 is equipped with the steel pier of timber wedge piece and the scheme drawing between the hull among the embodiment one.
Among the figure, 1, Air compressor; 2, flexible pipe; 3, air bag; 4, steel pier; 5, timber wedge piece; 6, winch; 7, steel rope; 8, ship; 9, No. two ships; 10, building berth; 11, following aquaporin 11,12, jack; 13, laser transit.
The specific embodiment
Below be specific embodiments of the invention and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is further described, but the present invention be not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 1, the equipment that the present invention relates to comprises that can be held the above building berth that has gradient 10 of a ship, building berth 10 is provided with Air compressor 1 and gantry crane, be provided with the air bag 3, the trailer coupling that are used to be shifted, also be provided with the detent mechanism that is used to locate hull, detent mechanism comprises manual jack 12, steel pier 4, timber wedge piece 5 and laser transit 13.Trailer coupling comprises a winch 6 that is fixed on the building berth 10 and is positioned at fore the place ahead, is connected with steel rope 7 between winch 6 and the hull.Steel rope 7 one cephalic discs are on winch 6, and the other end is connected with hull, control the speed that hull moves by the burst size of control steel rope 7.
At the front end of building berth 10 when aquaporin 11 places build a ship 8 down, the stern segmentation of building No. two ships 9 in building berth 10 rear ends, ship 8 and No. two ships 9 are by the accurate location and with steel pier 4 and timber wedge piece 5 support hulls of laser transit 13.
After ship 8 construction are finished, lay the air bag 3 of some in the bottom of a ship 8, utilize Air compressor 1 that air bag 3 inflation spreadings are supported ship 8 No. one again, by steel rope 7 ship 8 is connected with winch 6, timber wedge piece 5 and the steel pier 4 that was used to support hull originally shifted out, slowly discharge steel ropes 7 with winch 6, continue to make 3 inflations of building berth rear end air bag simultaneously, No. one ship 8 rear ends are elevated, and a ship 8 relies on deadweight to drive air bag 3 and rolls on building berth 10, make hull slide to down aquaporin 11.
Behind 8 times water of a ship in the building berth 10, utilize the obstacle in the gantry crane removing building berth 10, after the displacement of carrying out No. two ships 9 on building berth 10 ground, need the mark line of in-position.On No. two ships 9, carry out the mark of location usefulness in advance, hull bottom is arranged air bag 3, No. two ship 9 hull rear ends link to each other with steel rope 7 on the winch 6, utilize Air compressor 1 to put on the air by 2 pairs of air bags 3 of flexible pipe, the hull of No. two ships 9 is by jack-up, take out timber wedge piece 5 and steel pier 4 that hull bottom supports, this moment, the weight of hull was all carried by air bag 3.
Continue to utilize 1 pair of air bag 3 of Air compressor to put on the air, the front-end and back-end that guarantee No. two ships 9 have diff-H, this moment, winch 6 began action, winch 6 slowly discharges steel rope 7, No. two ship 9 slowly moves to building berth 10 front ends because of the diff-H that air bag 3 inflations cause, the hull bottom of No. two ships 9 and air bag 3, air bag 3 are done relative rolling with building berth 10 ground, need constantly to arrange in front new air bag 3 in the process that No. two ships 9 move towards building berth 10 front ends, up to end-of-shift.
As Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5, utilize the traction of trailer coupling that No. two ships 9 are finely tuned along the position that building berth 10 length directions arrive, rearrange steel pier 4 alow down, and on a part of steel pier 4, tentatively put into two timber wedge pieces 5.Close Air compressor 1 then, slowly bleed off the pressurized air in the air bag 3, allow the weight of No. two ships 9 all carry, remove air bag 3 by timber wedge piece 5 and steel pier 4.The several bench marks of sign on hull with the several bench mark tests on 13 pairs of hulls of laser transit of a side that is positioned at hull, are established a reference plane, analyze hull and whether are in horizontality.If hull also is not in horizontality, some manual jacks 12 being placed in first leading portion does not place on the steel pier 4 of alongside outside of timber wedge piece 5 again, the handle that shakes manual jack 12 is raised jack piston and is come the height of No. two ship 9 relative building berth reference planes is finely tuned, after regulating, again the timber wedge piece 5 on the steel pier 4 is laid again, the dip plane that makes the timber wedge piece 5 that is positioned at the below is towards the ship side outside, the dip plane of the timber wedge piece 5 above being positioned at is towards the ship side inboard, knock the timber wedge piece 5 of top and make between a plurality of timber wedge pieces 5 and fit mutually closely, guarantee accurate positioning.
After above-mentioned work is finished, remove trailer coupling, the last building berth 10 that carries out subsequent segment according to the hull of having had good positioning closes up work, perhaps puts in order the erection work before launching a ship.
This series connection building practices only needs a building berth 10 can carry out two ships to build simultaneously, can improve building berth 10 degree of utilizations, saves greatly and builds the place, and can make full use of the water, electricity, gas resource around the building berth 10.Air bag 3 is simple to operation with trailer coupling, and air bag 3 can directly be rented, and repeated use is simple and quick, and shipyard there is no need to purchase specially, has saved cost and time.Manually the effect of jack 12 is under laser transit 13 is measured, and utilizes manual shift can adjust the height of hull in narrow hull bottom space.Manual jack 12 low prices, simple to operate, alerting ability is good, applicable to various working environments.After the hull displacement, directly utilize steel pier 4 and timber wedge piece 5 can locate and support hull, do not need to make bow stern registration device, can save laid down cost greatly.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment general contents is identical with embodiment one, and institute's difference is that No. two ships 9 only comprise the stern segmentation in the present embodiment.
Embodiment three:
The present embodiment general contents is identical with embodiment one, institute's difference is, detent mechanism in the present embodiment comprises at the laser transit 13 of hull one side and the steel pier 4 between hull bottom and ground, be provided with the hydraulic pressure buttress that to adjust oneself height between steel pier 4 and the hull bottom, the hydraulic pressure buttress comprises a bearing, have the screw rod of energy lifting on the bearing, screw rod is driven by a hydraulic efficiency gear, is provided with self-locking structure between screw rod and the bearing.The top of screw rod contacts with hull bottom, and the bottom surface of bearing contacts with the top of steel pier 4.When needs position body section or whole ship, at first the hydraulic pressure buttress is placed on the steel pier 4, measure the height situation of hull with laser transit 13, the overhang of adjusting screw(rod) rises hull or descends, after hull height is adjusted, by the height of the locking of the self-locking structure on hydraulic pressure buttress hydraulic pressure buttress.
Specific embodiment described herein only is that spirit of the present invention is made casehistory.The technical personnel of the technical field of the invention can be made various modifications or replenishes or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.