CN101806841B - Method for determining test parameter of winding and sleeve of power transformer - Google Patents
Method for determining test parameter of winding and sleeve of power transformer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining test parameters of a winding and a sleeve of a power transformer. The method comprises the following steps of: obtaining a capacitive reactive power component by utilizing data obtained by the design, the manufacturing and the routine tests of the transformer through using a multiple-step integral method; establishing a physical model matched with a practical situation in consideration of counteraction effects of inductive reactive power to the capacitive reactive power component in the state of each test and the variation of an active power component of each test state, and finally forming a computer model, calculating an optimum frequency of each process according to the principle of complete reactive power compensation and calculating the active power component of each time period; converting each component into test parameters, such as actual current, voltage, power, efficiency and the like and constructing a run chart of various variables. The invention has the advantages of controlling an error range between a calculated value and an actual value within 1%, providing the actual guide value for the tests, avoiding mis-operations and illegal operations and ensuring the safety of test equipment and the tested transformer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for realizing a high-voltage test technology of large and medium-sized power transformers, in particular to a method for determining test parameters of long-time induction voltage and partial discharge measurement of a power transformer winding and a sleeve by using a variable-frequency power supply.
Background
According to the regulations, in order to check whether the primary element of the transformer has insulation defects or not and whether the insulation level meets the requirements of the regulations of relevant standards and the technical conditions of manufacturers or not before the large and medium-sized power transformers are put into operation, after the large and medium-sized power transformers are overhauled and after insulation accidents, long-time induced voltage and partial discharge measurement of a winding and a sleeve are required to be carried out, and the defects of the manufacturing, installation and overhauling processes of the transformers are timely and effectively found.
When the winding and the sleeve pipe are used for long-time induction voltage and partial discharge measurement, the large and medium-sized power transformers have both active components and reactive components, and the reactive components have both capacitive components and inductive components, but the reactive components generally present capacitive components.
With the development of power electronic technology, the windings of power transformers and the long-term induced voltage and partial discharge of the casing are increasingly widely used as test power supplies. The variable frequency power supply has the advantages of small starting current, high boosting speed, no mechanical moving part, small local discharge capacity and the like, but has small power of about 500kVA at most. Under the common condition, the variable frequency test power supply needs to adopt the reactor to carry out capacitive reactive compensation, even if the capacitive reactive compensation is adopted, when an oversize and ultrahigh voltage power transformer is tested, if the parameter matching is unreasonable, the output power of the variable frequency power supply cannot meet the requirement.
The whole structure is complex, especially the tested transformer is different from the operation condition under the test condition, the frequency, the voltage and the three-phase symmetry are different, so that the active component, the inductive reactive component and the capacitive reactive component of the tested transformer are changed, a physical model is not easy to establish, test parameters such as current, voltage and frequency of each component in the loop are basically estimated by experience, and the test parameters and the actual quantity have large deviation.
In general, after a tester connects a test instrument and a test object, the voltage is increased, if a test parameter has a large deviation from an estimated value, the test has to be stopped, and test equipment has to be adjusted, and the process is repeated for many times. As GB50150-2006 Electrical device installation engineering handover test Standard divides the measurement of long-term induction voltage and partial discharge of a winding of a power transformer and a sleeve into I, II, III, IV and V5 time periods, the pressurization time and the voltage value of each stage have extremely strict requirements, the 5 pressurization stages are tightly connected and must be completed at one time, the middle is not interrupted, the test equipment is adjusted, the tested transformer is repeatedly pressurized, and the high voltage and the overlong pressurization time which cannot be borne are borne, so that the insulation level of the tested transformer is reduced. Because the applied voltage and frequency of the I, II, III, IV and V5 stages are different, parameters of each time period do not have direct derivation relation and have large difference, the parameters of the next time period cannot be derived by the parameters of the previous pressurizing time period, even if the parameters change in the same time period, all the parameters change rapidly, the adjustment in the field is not possible in a short time, particularly, the highest test voltage (the test voltage of the extra-high voltage power transformer is about 540kV) is reached in the III stage, the time is 60s at most, and the time is only 24s at most. At this moment, if the parameters are not accurately calculated, under the condition that test operators are highly tense, the test operators cannot observe a plurality of meters at the same time at all and then adjust test equipment, the damage caused by overlarge parameter deviation is a voltage transformer with direct damage value of millions of yuan or thousands of yuan, the accident that the transformer is damaged in a high-voltage test often happens, and power transmission are greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for determining test parameters of a winding and a sleeve of a power transformer, which can accurately calculate each test parameter in advance before a long-time induced voltage and partial discharge measurement test of the winding and the sleeve, so that a tester only operates according to data determined by the method as required during the test without repeatedly adjusting test equipment, each pressurizing stage comprises an intermediate process between stages, a capacitance reactive component and an inductance reactive component are always counteracted, a tested transformer is always in an optimal compensation state, only current of an active component passes through a variable frequency power supply, the service life of the variable frequency power supply is prolonged, and an oversize and ultrahigh voltage power transformer test can be carried out by variable frequency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for determining test parameters of a winding and a sleeve of a power transformer comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting technical data of a tested power transformer, such as voltage grade, connection group, capacitance of windings to the ground and between windings, no-load loss value and the like;
and secondly, deducing capacitive reactive power and inductive reactive power of the tested transformer by using technical data of the tested power transformer:
a. and (3) integrating the distributed capacitance and the voltage of the high-voltage winding step by a step integration method, and calculating the capacitive reactive power component of the high-voltage winding:capacitive reactive power component of the medium voltage winding:
capacitive reactive power component of the low voltage winding:
converting all reactive components into capacitive reactive components of the low-voltage winding: qCapacitor with a capacitor element＝QHigh pressure+QMedium pressure+QLow pressure；
b. Obtaining a magnetization curve formula of the silicon steel sheet of the tested transformer by a parabolic curve fitting method, and converting the magnetization curve formula into inductive reactive power of each pressurizing stage;
thirdly, determining test requirement values of each pressurizing stage, and selecting a wiring mode of test equipment;
fourthly, establishing a physical model of the tested transformer and the test equipment: under the determined wiring mode, integrating parameters such as capacitive reactive power, inductive reactive power of a compensation reactor, power, efficiency and gear provided by a boosting transformer, power and efficiency provided by a variable frequency power supply and the like into the same equivalent circuit;
fifthly, establishing a computer model based on the physical model: by utilizing ATPdark software, drawing characteristic parameters of a tested transformer in an equivalent circuit, centralized parameter capacitance reactive power of a voltage divider for measurement, characteristic parameters of a booster transformer and characteristic parameters of a variable frequency power supply, which are obtained by integrating physical models, into a template of the ATPdark software;
sixthly, according to the principle Q of complete reactive power compensationCapacitor with a capacitor element＝QInductance+QCompensationCalculating the 'optimal frequency' of each process;
seventhly, calculating active components in all time periods by using the optimal frequency;
and step eight, converting each component into actual test parameters such as current, voltage, power, efficiency and the like, and making a trend graph of each variable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects: the invention utilizes the data obtained in the design, manufacture and routine tests of the transformer, adopts a step-by-step integration method, and reduces the windings of the tested transformer to the low-voltage side according to the method of capacitance distribution and voltage distribution integration to obtain the capacitive reactive component; considering the counteraction of inductive reactive power to capacitive asexual component and the change of active component in each test state, a physical model matched with the actual condition is established, and a computer model is finally formed, so that the voltage, current, frequency, active and reactive power and components of each part point of high-voltage test equipment and a tested product in each pressurizing stage of long-time induction voltage and partial discharge measurement test of various transformer windings and casing pipes can be calculated in advance, a trend graph of each variable is made, and the error range of the calculated value and the actual value is controlled within 1%. And an actual guide value is provided for the test, misoperation and illegal operation are avoided, and the safety of the test equipment and the tested transformer is guaranteed.
The method overcomes the blindness of the traditional test parameters of estimation by depending on personal experience and an empirical formula without physical significance, can meet the time, voltage and measurement continuity of ' measuring the long-time induced voltage and the partial discharge of the transformer winding and the sleeve ' required by GB50150-2006 Electrical equipment handover test Standard of Power installation engineering ', is a universal time parameter calculation method for measuring the long-time induced voltage and the partial discharge of the transformer winding and the sleeve by using a variable frequency power supply based on a physical model and a computer model, and is suitable for power transformers of 110kV and above.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
A method for determining test parameters of a winding and a sleeve of a power transformer comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting technical data of a tested power transformer, such as voltage grade, connection group, capacitance of windings to the ground and between windings, no-load loss value and the like;
and secondly, deducing capacitive reactive power and inductive reactive power of the tested transformer by using technical data of the tested power transformer:
a. and (3) integrating the distributed capacitance and the voltage of the high-voltage winding step by a step integration method, and calculating the capacitive reactive power component of the high-voltage winding:
simply by
In the same way, the method for preparing the composite material,
and because of UTest phase test voltage＝2UNon-test phase test voltage，
Therefore, it is not only easy to use
Similarly, the capacitive reactive power component of the medium voltage winding:
capacitive reactive power component of the low voltage winding:
converting all reactive components into capacitive reactive components of the low-voltage winding, i.e.
QCapacitor with a capacitor element＝QHigh pressure+QMedium pressure+QLow pressure
b. Obtaining a magnetization curve formula of the tested transformer silicon steel sheet by a parabolic curve fitting method, and converting the magnetization curve formula into inductive reactive power of each pressurizing stage:
because the curve is determined by the characteristics of the silicon steel sheets, different steel mills and different grades of silicon steel sheets have different magnetization curves, and therefore each magnetization curve needs to be fitted. The specific method comprises the following steps: a plurality of limited numerical values on the curve are selected, the parabolic interpolation method is carried out by using a program written by QBasic, the fitting formula of the curve can be conveniently obtained, and the more interpolation points on the curve are selected, the more accurate the formula is obtained.
Calculating the inductive reactive power of each pressurizing stage according to the following formula:
wherein,
Ino-load current of tested transformer under rated voltageAnd PRated loss of tested transformerObtained in conventional test data; for example, for a test voltage of 1.5,
thirdly, determining test requirement values of each pressurizing stage, and selecting a wiring mode of test equipment;
fourthly, establishing a physical model of the tested transformer and the test equipment:
under the determined wiring mode, integrating parameters such as capacitive reactive power, inductive reactive power of a compensation reactor, power, efficiency and gear provided by a boosting transformer, power and efficiency provided by a variable frequency power supply and the like into the same equivalent circuit;
fifthly, establishing a computer model based on the physical model: drawing characteristic parameters of a tested transformer, capacitive reactive power of a centralized parameter of a voltage divider for measurement, characteristic parameters of a booster transformer and characteristic parameters of a variable frequency power supply in an equivalent circuit obtained by integrating physical models into a template of ATPdark software by using ATPdark software (public free circuit calculation software provided by the world electrical institute);
and sixthly, calculating the optimal frequency of each process according to the principle of complete reactive power compensation:
under different test conditions, the frequency is changed, and the optimal frequency refers to a set of changed frequencies provided by the variable frequency power supply, and the vector sum of inductive reactive power of the tested transformer and the compensating reactor is always equal to the vector sum of capacity reactive power of the tested transformer and the measuring voltage divider by changing the frequency, so that the variable frequency power supply only provides active power at all times, and the output is minimum, namely the optimal frequency of the whole equivalent circuit. The principle of "optimum frequency" is QCapacitor with a capacitor element＝QInductance+QCompensationI.e. by
In the above formula
Optimum frequency "
Wherein
Is also the same as
And in correlation, obtaining a variable through a magnetization curve fitting formula of the silicon steel sheet. For the high-order equation, trial operation is carried out by using the frequency of ATPdark software, and the maximum frequency step length is set to be 0.1 Hz;
and seventhly, calculating the active component of each time period by using the optimal frequency, wherein the specific calculation method comprises the following steps: pActive power＝PTest phase+2PNon-test phase
In the same way, the method for preparing the composite material,
and step eight, converting each component into actual test parameters such as current, voltage, power, efficiency and the like, and making a trend graph of each variable:
a. knowing the inductive reactive power, the capacitive reactive power, the frequency and the test voltage of each pressurizing stage of the tested transformer, the test current can be obtained;
b. the inductance, voltage and frequency of the compensation reactor at the pressurizing stage are known, so that the test current can be calculated;
c. the voltage and frequency of the step-up transformer at the gear and pressurization stage are known, so that the test current and efficiency can be calculated;
d. the output of the frequency conversion power supply only provides active power under the condition of the optimal frequency, and the output voltage and current of the frequency conversion power supply are equal to the input voltage and current of the low-voltage side of the booster transformer, so that the output power and efficiency of the frequency conversion power supply and the required input three-phase current can be calculated.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining test parameters of a winding and a sleeve of a power transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, collecting technical data of a tested power transformer, including: voltage grade, connection group, capacitance between windings to ground and between windings, and no-load loss value;
and secondly, deducing capacitive reactive power and inductive reactive power of the tested power transformer by using technical data of the tested power transformer:
a. the distributed capacitance of the high-voltage winding is integrated by stepVoltage step-by-step integration, calculating the capacitive reactive power component of the high-voltage winding:
capacitive reactive power component of the medium voltage winding:
capacitive reactive power component of the low voltage winding:
converting all reactive components into capacitive reactive components of the low-voltage winding:
；
b. obtaining a magnetization curve formula of the tested power transformer silicon steel sheet by a parabolic curve fitting method, and converting the magnetization curve formula into inductive reactive power of each pressurizing stage;
thirdly, determining test requirement values of each pressurizing stage, and selecting a wiring mode of test equipment;
fourthly, establishing a physical model of the tested power transformer and the test equipment: under the determined wiring mode, integrating capacitive reactive power, inductive reactive power of a compensation reactor, power, efficiency and gear provided by a boosting transformer and power and efficiency parameters provided by a variable frequency power supply into the same equivalent circuit;
fifthly, establishing a computer model based on the physical model: drawing characteristic parameters of a tested power transformer, capacitive reactive power of a voltage divider centralized parameter for measurement, characteristic parameters of a step-up transformer and characteristic parameters of a variable frequency power supply in an equivalent circuit obtained by integrating the physical model into a template of ATPdark software by using ATPdark software;
sixthly, according to the principle of complete reactive power compensation
Calculating the optimal frequency of each process
”；
Seventhly, calculating active components in all time periods by using the optimal frequency;
and step eight, converting each component into actual test parameters of current, voltage, power and efficiency, and making a trend graph of each variable.
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| CN102735959A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-10-17 | 辽宁省电力有限公司 | On-line ultrahigh-voltage line power transformer test method |
| CN103454536A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2013-12-18 | 国网河南省电力公司焦作供电公司 | Power transformer test method |
| CN103543361B (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2016-04-06 | 国家电网公司 | The extra-high voltage field for Large Transformer no-load test method of frequency conversion voltage adjusting |
| CN104267298B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2017-11-24 | 上海华群实业股份有限公司 | A kind of calculation method of parameters of double winding power transformer |
| CN110568330A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-13 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Three-phase three-winding transformer induction voltage band partial discharge test parameter estimation method |
| CN113687154B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2024-01-26 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | No-load operation state monitoring method, device and equipment of transformer and storage medium |
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