CN101798928A - Large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine - Google Patents
Large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101798928A CN101798928A CN200910046031A CN200910046031A CN101798928A CN 101798928 A CN101798928 A CN 101798928A CN 200910046031 A CN200910046031 A CN 200910046031A CN 200910046031 A CN200910046031 A CN 200910046031A CN 101798928 A CN101798928 A CN 101798928A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine. The machine comprises a cutterhead, a cutterhead drive part, a propulsion oil cylinder, an erector, spiral conveyors and a frame; the cutterhead is a double-cutterhead which comprises a peripheral large cutterhead and an independent central cutterhead; the cutterhead drive part comprises two driving mechanisms which drive the peripheral large cutterhead and the independent central cutterhead respectively; and the peripheral large cutterhead and the independent central cutterhead rotate independently and bidirectionally. Compared with the prior art, the shield machine adopts the double-cutterhead design, greatly optimizes a cutting speed of the cutterhead on a soil body, further improves a propulsion speed of the shield, optimizes the disturbance effect of the cutterhead on the soil body, and prevents the rolling of a shield machine body; different opening rates are designed on the cutterhead and are suitable for different situations of a central part and a peripheral part when a tunnel is advanced; and three spiral conveyors discharge soil, effectively control the posture of the shield, and prevent the deviation of a tunnel axis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to shield machine, relate in particular to a kind of large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine.
Background technology
At present, the shield machine of Shi Yonging generally all adopts single cutterhead to carry out soil body cutting in the world.In actual use, there are the following problems for the shield structure of single cutterhead:
1. shield machine body rolling problem
(1) the shield machine body roll be since cutterhead when the cutting excavation face soil body, the moment of torsion of generation is greater than the moment of friction between shield machine housing and hole, the tunnel wall, and makes shield structure body produce the phenomenon of rolling.In some special stratum, such as in the bigger stratum of two kinds of structures and strength difference, be the weak soil layer above, be hard formation below.When the shield structure tunnels at two stratum interfaces, because the lithology difference is too big, and rock stratum stability is better, this moment, the knife cutting moment of torsion was very big, and have only part to produce frictional force between shield machine housing and the hole wall, when moment of torsion that moment of friction can't the balance knife cutting soil body produces, will cause the rolling of shield machine body.
Large-diameter shield is in tunnel excavating process, because the geology on stratum, tunnel generates the age difference, the otherness of the top soil body and the bottom soil body is very big, causes the situation of shield structure body rotation to happen occasionally.
(2) rolling of shield machine body can produce following adverse consequences: a) influence the assembly unit of section of jurisdiction, even damage the section of jurisdiction; B) cause the deflection of tunnel axis; C) sometimes, for mobile favourable to optimizing quarrel soil, cutterhead must rotate to an assigned direction, but because cutterhead only can unidirectionally rotate (correcting the shield structure rolls), so can not correct shield attitude with the method for change cutterhead direction of rotation; D) when adopting the construction of the unidirectional rotation of cutterhead,, must pass to tunnel lining to moment to a certain extent in order to offset the moment that advances the oil cylinder deflection to be caused.This has proposed extra requirement to tunnel lining.
Generally speaking, when shield machine body rolling deviation surpasses 0.5 °, just must change the cutterhead direction of rotation, and slow down fltting speed.
The problem that the shield machine body rolls all has generation on big pelta structure.But, to roll at big shield structure (diameter is more than 11 meters), harm that is caused and consequence are very serious, correct also very difficult.
2. mud cake problem
The cutterhead velocity of rotation of large-diameter shield is very low, and per minute changes less than 1.When shield machine passed through viscous soil horizon, because higher pressure need be kept in the cutterhead front, and temperature was general also very high, and easily compacting is fixed under high temperature, high pressure effect for cohesive soil like this.Particularly in the centre of cutterhead, because the cutterhead rotating speed is very low, the centre of major diameter cutterhead is almost motionless with respect to the peripheral soil body, very slow rotating speed make knife disc tool effectively the disturbance soil body make it mobile, the soil body at cutterhead center is almost being oppressed by cutterhead and is being moved ahead, and pressure is real more more, and under high pressure and high temperature double acting, the viscosity soil body is formed mud cake.Mud cake sticks to the cutterhead front face surface, rotate simultaneously with cutterhead, and knot is big more more.When producing mud cake, the thrust that shield machine advances substantially exceeds normal at ordinary times needed thrust, and driving speed sharply descends, and the cutterhead moment of torsion also can rise, and greatly reduces the shield machine operating efficiency.When the diameter of mud cake reach cutter diameter 2/3rds the time, shield structure even can't tunnel.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention be exactly provide in order to overcome the defective that above-mentioned prior art exists a kind of rational in infrastructure, fltting speed fast, the large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine good to the soil disturbance effect.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine, comprise cutterhead, cutter plate driver portion, advance oil cylinder, assembling machine, conveying worm, vehicle frame, it is characterized in that, described cutterhead is the double-pole dish, this double-pole dish comprises big cutterhead of periphery and independent center cutterhead, described cutter plate driver portion comprises two driving mechanisms, and these two driving mechanisms drive big cutterhead of periphery and independent center cutterhead respectively, the big cutterhead of described periphery, independent center cutterhead separately separate double to rotation.
The driving mechanism that drives the big cutterhead of periphery is provided with big bearing, and this big bearing is connected by the big cutterhead of big force transmission ring and periphery, and the driving mechanism that drives independent center cutterhead is provided with little bearing, and this little bearing is connected with independent center cutterhead by little force transmission ring; The mode and the driving pinion of engagement carry out flank engagement beyond the big bearing, and little bearing carries out flank engagement with the mode and the driving pinion of interior engaging tooth.
The motor of described two driving mechanisms is a Frequency Converter Control, the positive and negative two-way rotation of each motor synchronizing.
The technical data of the big cutterhead of described periphery is as follows: structure is eight groups of spoke panel tool arms, and type is based on Design of Soft Soil, and cutter diameter is Φ 14850mm, and aperture opening ratio is 18%, and rotating speed is 0-0.8r.p.m, and direction of rotation is for to the left or to the right; The big bearing type that is connected with cutterhead is 3 road roller bearings, and the maximum pressure of sealing system is 7.5bar, and power of motor is 200Kw * 16, is the 4P frequency conversion, and general power is 3200Kw, and operation torque is 3818 * 10
4Peak torque is 4582 * 10 in the N.m, 1min
4N.m.
The technical data of described independent center cutterhead is as follows: structure is six groups of spoke panel tool arms, and type is based on Design of Soft Soil, and diameter is Φ 6700mm, and aperture opening ratio is 27.5%, and rotating speed is 0-1.6r.p.m, and direction of rotation is for to the left or to the right; The little bearing type that is connected with cutterhead is 3 road roller bearings, and the maximum pressure of sealing system is 7.5bar, and power of motor is 90Kw * 8, is the 4P frequency conversion, and general power is 720Kw, and operation torque is 430 * 10
4Peak torque is 515 * 10 in the N.m, 1min
4N.m.
The material of big cutterhead of described periphery and independent center cutterhead is a low-alloy structural steel.
The outmost turns and the front face surface of big cutterhead of described periphery and independent center cutterhead are provided with wearing layer, the wear-resistant material layer of this wearing layer for attaching.
The circumferential surface of the positive cut edge of big cutterhead of described periphery and independent center cutterhead is provided with wearing layer, and this wearing layer is the hard alloy layer of welding.
The thickness of described hard alloy layer is 5mm, and described carbide alloy hardness is 55-58HRC.
Described conveying worm comprises three.
Adopt double-pole dish design of the present invention, can be according to the needs of shield structure propelling, linear velocity on linear velocity on the big cutterhead periphery and the center cutterhead periphery is optimized setting as required, like this, the rate of wear of neighboring cutter will descend greatly, change shield cutter and damage uneven situation, improve the useful life of shield cutter, reduce the probability of tool changing in the shield machine progradation, improved the efficient that shield machine uses.And on general shield machine, the neighboring cutter on the big cutterhead, damage is the fastest often, and because the cutting linear velocity that the cutterhead periphery is fixed a cutting tool is maximum, the cutting speed of periphery cutter is big, and stroke is big, and the bump that is subjected to is also big, and it is also the fastest to wear and tear.
On the shield machine of the present invention independently the center cutterhead can make rotating speed as requested, cutterhead maximum cutting speed in center has been brought up to 1.6 rev/mins by original 0.8 rev/min (hilted broadsword dish), accelerated the disturbance of cutterhead centering cubsoil body, improved the flowability of the center soil body, reduced the incrusted probability of the center soil body, and reduced the propulsive force of shield structure, accelerated the fltting speed and the operating efficiency of shield structure.
The present invention is according to the characteristics on weak soil layer stratum, the different aperture opening ratio of design employing on big cutterhead and center cutterhead.The aperture opening ratio 27.5% of center cutterhead, the aperture opening ratio 18% of big cutterhead.Center cutterhead aperture opening ratio is bigger, helps the conveying worm that flows to of the center soil body, prevents to produce mud cake; And the big cutterhead aperture opening ratio of periphery is less, can make the soil body effectively supporting of cutterhead to positive top, keeps the stable of the front upper soil body, prevents that the soil body from subsiding, when reducing shield driving to the influence of surrounding environment.
Double-pole dish of the present invention has been realized the correlation effect of part compensated torque by the control of interior cutterhead and outer cutterhead direction of rotation.Double-pole dish shield structure is kept the stable control of major diameter cutterhead excavation duty under the great stratum of cutting force, prevent the attitude of the huge torque influence shield structure that the knife cutting soil body produces, and has avoided the shield structure to produce the many adverse consequences that produce when rolling.
The present invention adopts three conveying worms, carries and discharges the soil body that knife cutting gets off.Use three screw machines, measure the big needs, control shield structure front soil pressure in addition, regulate the effect that the shield body advances attitude except large-diameter shield is unearthed.In shield structure progradation, because the subsurface picture complexity one side soil pressure usually can take place raises, shield attitude changes, the situation of tunnel axis skew; By controlling the not unearthed amount of homonymy screw machine, can control shield attitude effectively, prevent the tunnel axis skew.
Compared with prior art, shield structure of the present invention adopts the design of double-pole dish, optimizes the cutting speed of cutterhead to the soil body greatly, and then improves the fltting speed of shield structure, optimizes the disturbance effect of cutterhead to the soil body simultaneously, prevents the rolling of shield machine fuselage; The different aperture opening ratio of design on cutterhead, the different situations at centre and peripheral position when being applicable to the tunnel propelling prevent that the center soil body from producing mud cake and keeping the stable of the front upper soil body; Shield attitude is controlled in three conveying worm castings effectively, prevents the tunnel axis skew.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the axial arrangement schematic diagram of shield machine of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of cutter plate driver of the present invention portion;
Fig. 3 is the backsight structural representation of cutter plate driver of the present invention portion;
Fig. 4 is the front view of cutterhead of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described for the contrast drawings and the specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
As Fig. 1～shown in Figure 4, major diameter (more than the 11m) balancing earth-pressure shielding machine that more than one Haiti matter conditions are design considerations comprises cutterhead, cutter plate driver portion, advances oil cylinder 1, assembling machine 2, conveying worm, vehicle frame.
Described cutterhead is the double-pole dish, this double-pole dish comprises big cutterhead 3 of monolithic periphery and independent center cutterhead 4, the big cutterhead 3 of periphery comprises eight groups of spoke panel tool arms 31, independent center cutterhead 4 turns round 5 with center cutter disk center and is connected, independent center cutterhead 4 comprises six groups of spoke panel tool arms 41, and the technical data of the two is as shown in table 1:
The technical data table of big cutterhead of table 1 periphery and independent center cutterhead
| The big cutterhead of periphery | Technical data | Independent center cutterhead | Technical data |
| Structure | 8 * 1 spokes+8 * 1 panel tool arms | Structure | 6 * 1 spokes+6 * 1 panel tool arms |
| The big cutterhead of periphery | Technical data | Independent center cutterhead | Technical data |
| Type | Based on Design of Soft Soil | Type | Based on Design of Soft Soil |
| Cutter diameter | ??Φ14850 | Cutter diameter | ??Φ6700 |
| Aperture opening ratio | ??18％ | Aperture opening ratio | ??27.5％ |
| Big bearing type | 3 road roller bearings | Little bearing type | 3 road roller bearings |
| Sealing system | (7.5bar maximum pressure) | Sealing system | (7.5bar maximum pressure) |
| Power of motor | 200Kw * 16-4P frequency conversion | Power of motor | 90Kw * 8-4P frequency conversion |
| General power | ??3200Kw | General power | ??720Kw |
| Operation torque | ??3818×10 4N.m | Operation torque | ??430×10 4N.m |
| Peak torque | ??4582×10 4N.m (in the 1min) | Peak torque | ??515×10 4N.m (in the 1min) |
| Rotating speed | ??0-0.8r.p.m | Rotating speed | ??0-1.6r.p.m |
| Direction of rotation | A left side/right side | Direction of rotation | A left side/right side |
Described cutter plate driver portion comprises two driving mechanisms, and these two driving mechanisms drive big cutterhead 3 of periphery and independent center cutterhead 4 respectively, the big cutterhead 3 of periphery and independent center cutterhead 4 separately separate double to rotation.
Described two driving mechanisms adopt different two bearings of size of diameter: the driving mechanism that drives the big cutterhead 3 of periphery is provided with big bearing 6, big bearing 6 is connected by the big cutterhead 3 of big force transmission ring 7 and periphery, the driving mechanism that drives independent center cutterhead 4 is provided with little bearing 8, and little bearing 8 is connected with independent center cutterhead 4 by little force transmission ring 9; Big bearing 6 adopts the mode of external toothing and big bearing driving pinion 12 to carry out flank engagement, require to realize torque maximization on the not high relatively big cutterhead 3 of periphery that the mode and the little bearing driving pinion 13 of engaging tooth carried out flank engagement in little bearing 8 adopted at rotating speed.The big cutterhead 3 of periphery drives by big cutter motor 10, and center independence cutterhead 4 drives by center cutter coil motor 11, and the motor of two driving mechanisms all adopts Frequency Converter Control, and realizes positive and negative two-way rotation synchronously separately.
The driving mechanism that drives the big cutterhead 3 of periphery also is provided with grease combination sealing system 14, mechanical labyrinth seal 15, and the driving mechanism that drives independent center cutterhead 4 also is provided with grease combination sealing system 16, mechanical labyrinth seal 17.
Present embodiment is provided with left-hand screw conveyer 23, middle conveying worm 24 and 25 3 conveying worms of right-hand screw conveyer.Three conveying worms satisfy the big needs of the unearthed amount of large-diameter shield, and can control shield structure front soil pressure, regulate the shield body and advance attitude.
The big cutterhead 3 of periphery adopts the low-alloy structural steel welding production, automatic welding fabrication, structural strength height, good rigidly with the disk body material of independent center cutterhead 4.
The big cutterhead 3 of periphery uses wear-resisting material to attach with the outmost turns and the front face surface of independent center cutterhead 4; The circumferential surface of positive cut edge, having welded thickness is the 5mm carbide alloy, hardness is about 55-58HRC, to strengthen abrasion resistance.
Described shield machine also comprises native storehouse rabbling mechanism 18, center People's Bank of China lock 19, Zuoren row lock 20, right People's Bank of China lock 21, manhole 22.
Claims (10)
1. large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine, comprise cutterhead, cutter plate driver portion, advance oil cylinder, assembling machine, conveying worm, vehicle frame, it is characterized in that, described cutterhead is the double-pole dish, this double-pole dish comprises big cutterhead of periphery and independent center cutterhead, described cutter plate driver portion comprises two driving mechanisms, and these two driving mechanisms drive big cutterhead of periphery and independent center cutterhead respectively, the big cutterhead of described periphery, independent center cutterhead separately separate double to rotation.
2. large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the driving mechanism that drives the big cutterhead of periphery is provided with big bearing, this big bearing is connected by the big cutterhead of big force transmission ring and periphery, the driving mechanism that drives independent center cutterhead is provided with little bearing, and this little bearing is connected with independent center cutterhead by little force transmission ring; The mode and the driving pinion of engagement carry out flank engagement beyond the big bearing, and little bearing carries out flank engagement with the mode and the driving pinion of interior engaging tooth.
3. large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the motor of described two driving mechanisms is a Frequency Converter Control, the positive and negative two-way rotation of each motor synchronizing.
4. large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the technical data of the big cutterhead of described periphery is as follows: structure is eight groups of spoke panel tool arms, type is based on Design of Soft Soil, cutter diameter is Φ 14850mm, aperture opening ratio is 18%, and rotating speed is 0-0.8r.p.m, and direction of rotation is for to the left or to the right; The big bearing type that is connected with cutterhead is 3 road roller bearings, and the maximum pressure of sealing system is 7.5bar, and power of motor is 200Kw * 16, is the 4P frequency conversion, and general power is 3200Kw, and operation torque is 3818 * 10
4Peak torque is 4582 * 10 in the N.m, 1min
4N.m.
5. large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the technical data of described independent center cutterhead is as follows: structure is six groups of spoke panel tool arms, type is based on Design of Soft Soil, diameter is Φ 6700mm, aperture opening ratio is 27.5%, and rotating speed is 0-1.6r.p.m, and direction of rotation is for to the left or to the right; The little bearing type that is connected with cutterhead is 3 road roller bearings, and the maximum pressure of sealing system is 7.5bar, and power of motor is 90Kw * 8, is the 4P frequency conversion, and general power is 720Kw, and operation torque is 430 * 10
4Peak torque is 515 * 10 in the N.m, 1min
4N.m.
6. large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the material of big cutterhead of described periphery and independent center cutterhead is a low-alloy structural steel.
7. large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the outmost turns and the front face surface of big cutterhead of described periphery and independent center cutterhead are provided with wearing layer, the wear-resistant material layer of this wearing layer for attaching.
8. large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the circumferential surface of the positive cut edge of big cutterhead of described periphery and independent center cutterhead is provided with wearing layer, and this wearing layer is the hard alloy layer of welding.
9. large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the thickness of described hard alloy layer is 5mm, and described carbide alloy hardness is 55-58HRC.
10. large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described conveying worm comprises three.
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| CN200910046031A CN101798928A (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2009-02-09 | Large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910046031A CN101798928A (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2009-02-09 | Large-diameter earth pressure balance shield machine |
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Cited By (28)
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| CN102287201A (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2011-12-21 | 王茂 | Shield machine with center drill system |
| CN102330558A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-01-25 | 海瑞克(广州)隧道设备有限公司 | Shield machine is with six arm cutterheads |
| CN102359379A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-02-22 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Annular shield machine and tunnel construction method |
| CN102410027A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2012-04-11 | 中铁隧道装备制造有限公司 | Novel dual-mode TBM (tunnel boring machine) and control method thereof |
| CN102536255A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-07-04 | 西安瑞特快速制造工程研究有限公司 | Multilevel stepped hole-expansion cutter head for shield machine |
| CN102536254A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-07-04 | 西安瑞特快速制造工程研究有限公司 | Multistage-separation progressive shield cutter head |
| CN102536257A (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2012-07-04 | 盾建重工制造有限公司 | Double independent driving system for shield machine |
| CN102678129A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-09-19 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | Soil warehouse structure of soil pressure balanced type shield machine and soil pressure balanced type shield machine |
| CN102678128A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-09-19 | 天津大学 | Double-ring web type cutter head of earth pressure balance shield mechanism |
| CN102877853A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-16 | 中铁隧道装备制造有限公司 | TBM (tunnel boring machine) bidirectional rotary tapping cutter head and production process thereof |
| CN103016016A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-03 | 西安交通大学 | Two-stage step-type cutter head system for full-face rock tunnel boring machine |
| CN103321646A (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2013-09-25 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Ground pass shield tunneling machine |
| CN104005770A (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-08-27 | 中铁十五局集团有限公司 | Spoke type shield cutter head |
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| CN106050251A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-10-26 | 天津大学 | Two-stage telescopic heading machine combined cutterhead with adjustable open rate |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102287201A (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2011-12-21 | 王茂 | Shield machine with center drill system |
| CN102287201B (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-12-04 | 王茂 | Shield machine with center drill system |
| CN102330558A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-01-25 | 海瑞克(广州)隧道设备有限公司 | Shield machine is with six arm cutterheads |
| CN102330558B (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2016-08-03 | 海瑞克(广州)隧道设备有限公司 | Shield machine is with six arm cutterheads |
| CN102359379B (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-10-23 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Tunnel construction method |
| CN102359379A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-02-22 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Annular shield machine and tunnel construction method |
| CN102410027A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2012-04-11 | 中铁隧道装备制造有限公司 | Novel dual-mode TBM (tunnel boring machine) and control method thereof |
| CN102410027B (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-10-30 | 中铁隧道装备制造有限公司 | Dual-mode TBM (tunnel boring machine) and control method thereof |
| CN102536255A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-07-04 | 西安瑞特快速制造工程研究有限公司 | Multilevel stepped hole-expansion cutter head for shield machine |
| CN102536254A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-07-04 | 西安瑞特快速制造工程研究有限公司 | Multistage-separation progressive shield cutter head |
| CN102536254B (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2014-05-07 | 西安瑞特快速制造工程研究有限公司 | Multistage-separation progressive shield cutter head |
| CN102536255B (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2014-01-01 | 西安瑞特快速制造工程研究有限公司 | Multilevel stepped hole-expansion cutter head for shield machine |
| CN102536257A (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2012-07-04 | 盾建重工制造有限公司 | Double independent driving system for shield machine |
| CN102678128A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-09-19 | 天津大学 | Double-ring web type cutter head of earth pressure balance shield mechanism |
| CN102678129A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-09-19 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | Soil warehouse structure of soil pressure balanced type shield machine and soil pressure balanced type shield machine |
| CN102877853A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-16 | 中铁隧道装备制造有限公司 | TBM (tunnel boring machine) bidirectional rotary tapping cutter head and production process thereof |
| CN102877853B (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-09-17 | 中铁隧道装备制造有限公司 | TBM (tunnel boring machine) bidirectional rotary tapping cutter head and production process thereof |
| CN103016016A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-03 | 西安交通大学 | Two-stage step-type cutter head system for full-face rock tunnel boring machine |
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Open date: 20100811 |