Background technology
Main products-the coke of coking industry, coal gas and coal tar wet goods chemical products are the important raw and processed materials of the industries such as metallurgy, machinery, chemical industry, town gas.China is the big country of world today's coke production, consumption and outlet first.Coking industry has become in Chinese national economy and has had a very large industry of vital role.
The large-scale modernization coke oven of pit kiln from the beehive oven at initial stage to today, experienced the history of more than 200 year.Tradition regenerator coke oven is comprised of the San Shiliang district, i.e. coking chamber, combustion chamber, regenerator, chute district, furnace roof district and basic component.The coking furnace shaft topmost is furnace roof, under furnace roof, is combustion chamber and the coking chamber of alternate configuration, and lower portion of furnace body has regenerator and the chute district that is connected regenerator and combustion chamber, and the bottom flue of each regenerator bottom is connected with flue by exchange shutter.Flue is located in coke oven base or basic both sides, and the flue end leads to chimney.The coke oven generally used in the world today has experienced more than 100 year history.
The coke making process process of existing coke oven: mixed coal is packed in the red-hot carbonizing chamber of pit kiln, completely cuts off in required time air heating.During this time, coal charge passed through drying, preheating, pyrolysis, melting, bonding, solidified, final refining of the stage coke such as contraction.At this moment, Center Temperature of Coke Cake reaches 950~1050 ℃.After the coke maturation, be pushed out outside stove, coal gas and chemical products are overflowed by coking chamber with the raw gas form of complicated component, through upcast and effuser, discharge and be sent to the recovery of chemical products workshop.
There are a lot of problems in coking industry at present, has even had influence on the existence of industry, is mainly manifested in:
1) to Coking Coal Quality, require too high.Modern ironmaking Coke Quality requires day by day to improve, for meeting a large amount of high-quality caking coals of this requirement needs, and high-quality caking coal resource-constrained and non-renewable in the world at present;
2) seriously polluted.Process of coking produces combustion product gases and the waste water that contains in a large number toxic substance, serious harm human health and living environment, and this poisonous combustion product gases and waste water are difficult to process.Just because of this, developed country shifts coking industry in a large number to developing country, especially China;
3) energy consumption is high.Although modern coke oven thermo-efficiency is 80% with worthwhile higher, hot working efficiency only has more than 70%, and real available heat is no more than 50%.
4) coke-oven plant's survival pressure is large.The furnace binding complexity produces a large amount of unmanageable pollutents in technological process simultaneously, and must control.Therefore overall investment and running cost are high, have strengthened coke cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to solve existing coking industry energy consumption high, seriously polluted, need high-quality caking coal and furnace binding complexity, investment, wherein at least one of operation and management high in cost of production problem.
The invention provides a kind of coke oven, this coke oven comprises:
Be positioned at the drying and preheating chamber on coking furnace shaft top, for the coal of the coking described drying and preheating chamber of packing into from top, coal is in the indoor preheating that is dried of described drying and preheating;
Be positioned at combustion chamber and the coking chamber of coking furnace shaft bottom, the heat heating coking chamber that combustion chambers burn produces, and the coal after the drying and preheating chamber is dried preheating enters coking chamber and carries out destructive distillation to obtain coke, and produce raw gas.
Be positioned under the drying and preheating chamber, the Heat Room on combustion chamber and coking chamber, the coal gas air is preheated after Heat Room and high-temperature flue gas heat exchange.
According to an aspect of the present invention, coke oven of the present invention also can comprise: the coke oven base of the bottom of coking furnace shaft, be located at the flue of both sides, coke oven middle part, and the flue gas after the coal supply drying and preheating is discharged through described flue.
In described Heat Room, from coal gas and the air of outside input, with the high-temperature flue gas from combustion chamber, carry out heat exchange, after being preheated, enter combustion chambers burn, air and gas-fired generation high-temperature flue gas; Described high-temperature flue gas is passed to the part heat in the coal of coking chamber, then enters Heat Room by air and gas preheating.
Described combustion chamber and coking chamber can be alternate configuration.
Between described drying and preheating chamber and coking chamber, can be connected by putting coal pipeline.
The described coal pipeline of putting can comprise and puts the coal valve.
The indoor heat exchange pipeline of can establishing of drying and preheating is with dry, pre-hot coal.
The indoor heat exchange pipeline of drying and preheating can with the Heat Room pipe between, combustion chamber communicates, thereby use the indoor coal of the described drying and preheating of drying and preheating after described high-temperature flue gas preheating gas/air.
Layout coal gas/the air line that can walk abreast in Heat Room, the outer flue gas of described coal gas/air line from bottom to top with coal gas/air line in coal gas and air carry out heat exchange.
The present invention also provides a kind of coking process method that uses coking by coke oven, and this coke oven comprises:
Be positioned at the drying and preheating chamber on coke oven top
Be positioned at the Heat Room under the drying and preheating chamber;
Be positioned at combustion chamber and coking chamber under the drying and preheating chamber;
Described processing method comprises:
For the coal of the coking described drying and preheating chamber of packing into from coking furnace shaft top;
Coal is in the indoor preheating that is dried of described drying and preheating;
Coal after the drying and preheating chamber is dried preheating enters coking chamber and carries out destructive distillation to obtain coke, and produces raw gas.
In Heat Room of the present invention, carry out heat exchange from coal gas and the air of outside input with the high-temperature flue gas from combustion chamber, after being preheated, enter combustion chambers burn, air and gas-fired generation high-temperature flue gas; Described high-temperature flue gas is passed to the part heat in the coal of coking chamber, then enters Heat Room by air and gas preheating.
Described combustion chamber and coking chamber can be alternate configuration.
Between described drying and preheating chamber and coking chamber, can be connected by putting coal pipeline.
The described coal pipeline of putting can comprise and puts the coal valve.
The indoor heat exchange pipeline of can establishing of drying and preheating is with dry, pre-hot coal.
The indoor heat exchange pipeline of drying and preheating can with the Heat Room pipe between, combustion chamber communicates, thereby use the indoor coal of the described drying and preheating of drying and preheating after described high-temperature flue gas preheating gas/air.
Layout coal gas/the air line that can walk abreast in Heat Room, the outer flue gas of described coal gas/air line from bottom to top with coal gas/air line in coal gas and air carry out heat exchange.
The coke oven that the present invention proposes is two sections heat exchange type structures, has changed the coke making process of traditional coke oven, reaches and solves existing coke oven existing problems purpose.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing concrete example, embodiments of the invention are described.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of coke oven of the present invention.Wherein, this coke oven comprises the drying and preheating chamber 1 be positioned on coking furnace shaft; Be positioned at the Heat Room 2 under drying and preheating chamber 1; Be positioned at the combustion chamber-coking chamber 3 under Heat Room 2, combustion chamber-coking chamber 3 comprises combustion chamber 9 and coking chamber 10, and combustion chamber 9 and coking chamber 10 are alternate configuration; Coking furnace shaft be coke oven base below.
Be connected by putting coal pipeline between drying and preheating chamber 1 and coking chamber 10, put coal pipeline and comprise and put coal bunker 5 (may not establish) and put coal valve 6.
Establish heat exchange pipeline 4 in drying and preheating chamber 1 with dry, pre-hot coal.
The interior layout coal gas/air line 7 that can walk abreast of Heat Room 2, manage outer flue gas and carry out heat exchange with the interior coal gas of pipe and air from bottom to top.
As mentioned above, in upper of furnace body, arrange drying and preheating chamber 1, centre is Heat Room 2, and bottom is combustion chamber-coking chamber 3, forms the integrated vertical structure design of drying and preheating chamber 1, Heat Room 2 and combustion chamber-coking chamber 3.Between drying and preheating chamber 1 and coking chamber 2, by putting coal pipeline, be connected.Upper of furnace body drying and preheating chamber 1, to put coal pipeline 2 corresponding with lower portion of furnace body coking chamber 10.Establish heat exchange pipeline 4 dryings, pre-hot coal in drying and preheating chamber 1; Establish coal gas/air line 7 in Heat Room 2, manage air, coal gas in outer flue gas preheating gas/air line 7; Combustion chamber-coking chamber can adopt traditional structure.
Therefore, coke oven of the present invention is different from traditional coke oven.In traditional coke oven, the drying of coal, retort process are all to complete in coking chamber.In coke oven of the present invention, divide drying and preheating and destructive distillation two steps to complete: at first coal, in the interior dehydration in drying and preheating chamber 1, drying (the coal water content can be down to 0%), is preheating to certain temperature simultaneously.In this process, the water transform in coal becomes medial temperature to be no more than the steam of 150 ℃.Enter the stove coal and be preheating to 150~250 ℃ in drying and preheating chamber 1, then by putting coal valve 6, control and flow into coking chamber 10 through convey coal pipe and carry out destructive distillation and complete coking, and produce raw gas.
Therefore, the inventor is called coke oven of the present invention: two sections coke ovens of heat exchange type.
In two sections coke ovens of heat exchange type of the present invention, with Heat Room, replace the regenerator in traditional coke oven, current coking chamber is isolated to a drying and preheating chamber, form drying and preheating chamber-coking chamber two-stage structure.Existing dry distillation of coal process is decomposed into: first by coal in the preheating of drying and preheating indoor seasoning, then at coking chamber, carry out destructive distillation.
In combustion chamber 9, the air after preheating and gas-fired produce high-temperature flue gas, the part heat are passed to the coal charge of coking chamber 10 by furnace wall, and the high-temp combustion flue gas is down to 1200~1300 ℃, enters Heat Room 2.In Heat Room 2, normal temperature air and coal gas are preheating to 700~900 ℃ by high-temperature flue gas, enter combustion chamber 9 burnings; After heat exchange, combustion product gases is down to 400~600 ℃, enters the drying and preheating chamber.Indoor at drying and preheating, coal is dried and is preheated to 150~250 ℃, and combustion product gases is down to 200~300 ℃ of discharges.
Two sections coking by coke oven of heat exchange type have following different from existing coking by coke oven:
Two sections coke ovens of heat exchange type have coke oven now
Coal charge completes one section and completes from being preheating to two sections of cokings
Twice heat exchange of three heat exchange of heat that coal gas produces
Adopt two sections coke ovens of heat exchange type as above can realize following process: 1) drying and preheating of coal and destructive distillation; 2) combustion product gases that burning produces and the heat exchange between air, coal gas and coal charge.Idiographic flow as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 2 is the schema of two sections heat exchange type coke ovens of the present invention.Arrow wherein means:
The hyphen dotted line means the flow direction of air, coal gas, and pecked line means the flow direction of combustion product gases, and solid arrow means the flow direction of coal, coke and raw gas.
In traditional coke oven, the drying of coal, retort process are all to complete in coking chamber.In two sections heat exchange type coke ovens, divide drying and preheating and destructive distillation two steps to complete: at first coal, in the indoor dehydration of drying and preheating, drying (the coal water content can be down to 0%), is preheating to certain temperature simultaneously.In this process, the water transform in coal becomes medial temperature to be no more than the steam of 150 ℃.Enter the stove coal and be preheating to 150~250 ℃, then by putting the coal valve, control and to flow into coking chamber through convey coal pipe and carry out destructive distillation and complete coking, and produce raw gas.
In combustion chamber, the air after preheating and gas-fired produce high-temperature flue gas, the part heat are passed to the coal charge of coking chamber by furnace wall, and the high-temp combustion flue gas is down to 1200~1300 ℃, enters Heat Room.In Heat Room, normal temperature air and coal gas, by high-temp combustion smoke pre-heating to 700~900 ℃, enter combustion chambers burn; After heat exchange, combustion product gases is down to 400~600 ℃, enters the drying and preheating chamber.Indoor at drying and preheating, coal is dried and is preheated to 150~250 ℃, and combustion product gases is down to 200~300 ℃ of discharges.
The present invention compares had beneficial effect with traditional coking technology and is:
(1) realized the preheating coal coking, can improve coke quality or increase low grade coal (bottle coal etc.) consumption: the present invention can realize the preheating coal coking, the moisture content of coal that enters coking chamber is 0, and reach certain temperature and (pass through drying and preheating, the water content of coal can be down to 0%, and the butt bulk density of coal reaches 0.9t/m
3, as shown in Figure 3), with the coal coking of same coal charge, compare that (moisture 10% coking coal butt bulk density is 0.75t/m
3), resulting coke true specific gravity is large, and void content is low, and shatter strength, abrasive wear resistance are high, and reactive low, post-reaction strength is large, and the grade percentage of 40~80 millimeters increases, and median size is also large.For the coke quality index of regulation, the preheating coal coking can increase low grade coal---the adapted amount of high-volatile weakly caking coal (as bottle coal), thus enlarge the coking coal source, reduce the coking cost.
(2) environmental contamination reduction: the preheating coal coking is not containing free moisture, and the remained ammonia amount can reduce 90% as calculated, and phenol-cyanogen sewage can reduce 2/3; Due to two sections heat exchange type coke-oven coals lower drying and preheating chamber of temperature of at first packing into, avoided the pollution of coalingging of heat accumulation coke oven, can cancel the coal loading dedust system of existing coke oven complexity.
(3) coking heat consumption reduces, save energy: the present invention adopts the drying and preheating coal coking, the water that accounts for coal charge 10% left and right does not enter coke furnace carbonization chamber, relative traditional technology, the temperature that water vapor leaves coal charge reduces, and because coking time shortens, the body of heater heat dissipation capacity reduces simultaneously, the coke-oven gas consumption reduces corresponding combustion product gases thermosteresis and reduces, so total thermal losses can reduce more than 18%.
(4) improve coke oven throughput or reduce the coke oven hole count: during the preheating coal coking, due to the less calories needed at coking chamber, heat transfer rate is fast, coking time shortens dramatically, as shown in Figure 4, and when fire path temperature is constant, the coal coking time needs 18.5 hours, and being preheating to the coal of 250 ℃, coking time can foreshorten to 12.5 hours, can increase production 30%.If consider the increase of bulk density, the amplitude that the coke production ability improves will be larger, generally can reach 35%~40%.Preheating dump density is large in addition, and coke oven throughput is significantly improved.When throughput both timing, can also reduce the coking chamber hole count.
(5) easy operation simple in structure: the present invention has cancelled the regenerator of conventional coke oven, has also cancelled and has added heat exchange system, has not only simplified whole coking system, and can reduce a large amount of production operations simultaneously.And can cancel machine, coke side operator's console, adjust the height of pushing machine, simplify coal charger etc.These simplify production operation all by a large amount of reduce costs.
(6) other: it is little that the present invention also has the temperature of furnace wall cataclysm, can extend body of heater work-ing life; The position of the discharging of the coke is low, is conducive to block burnt flue dust and controls; Do not need flat coal, eliminated the pollution of flat coal; The raw gas dew point reduces, and can reduce the advantages such as primary cooler area.
The concrete operations technique of two sections coke ovens of heat exchange type of the present invention is described below.
Technique of the present invention comprises the drying and preheating of coal, the process that destructive distillation forms coke, and the process of air gas burning and smoke heat exchanging system.
At first drying and preheating, the destructive distillation of describing coal form coke.As shown in Figure 1 and in conjunction with Fig. 2, coal is packed into from 1 top, drying and preheating chamber, dehydrates in drying and preheating chamber 1, and is preheating to 150~250 ℃; Water transform in coal becomes medial temperature to be no more than the steam of 150 ℃, and the moisture content in coal can be down to 0%.Coal after preheating, through putting coal bunker 5, is controlled by putting coal valve 6, through convey coal pipe 8, flows into coking chamber 10 destructive distillation, completes coking, and produces raw gas.The drying and preheating time of coal in the drying and preheating chamber is consistent with the destructive distillation time in coking chamber.
The process of air gas burning and smoke heat exchanging system is as follows.As shown in Figure 1 and in conjunction with Fig. 2, normal temperature coal gas and air enter Heat Room 2 through supporting handling equipment (not shown), the interior parallel layout coal gas/air line 7 of Heat Room 2, manage outer flue gas from bottom to top with manage interior coal gas and air and carry out heat exchange.Normal temperature coal gas and air, after the coal gas/air line 7 of Heat Room 2 is preheated, enter combustion chamber 9 top burnings, and the high-temperature flue gas that burning produces is passed to the part heat coal charge of coking chamber 10 in the process of flue internal recycle by furnace wall.The combustion product gases of being down to 1200~1300 ℃ enters Heat Room 2, by normal temperature coal gas and preheating of air to 700~900 ℃.Be down to the combustion product gases of 400~600 ℃ and enter the heat exchange pipeline 4 of drying and preheating chamber 1, by coal drying and preheating to 150~250 ℃.Finally being down to the combustion product gases of 200~300 ℃ is discharged by chimney through the gas collection road.
The present invention is described in conjunction with embodiment.Those skilled in the art understand the mode that the present invention is not limited to describe in specific embodiment, and protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.