CN101791969B - Electric control car controller - Google Patents
Electric control car controller Download PDFInfo
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- CN101791969B CN101791969B CN2010101088435A CN201010108843A CN101791969B CN 101791969 B CN101791969 B CN 101791969B CN 2010101088435 A CN2010101088435 A CN 2010101088435A CN 201010108843 A CN201010108843 A CN 201010108843A CN 101791969 B CN101791969 B CN 101791969B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electric motor car controller comprising a power interface, a control circuit and a motor signal interface, wherein the control circuit comprises an undervoltage protection circuit, a charging state detection circuit, a rolling handle input circuit, a rolling handle failure protective circuit, a power tube breakdown detection circuit, an electrified time sequence protective circuit, a relay, a current-limiting detection circuit of current, a PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) control circuit, a power tube driver circuit, a power tube voltage-stabilizing protective circuit and a power tube. With the undervoltage protection circuit, the invention avoids the damage caused by overdischarge of the storage battery; with the power tube breakdown detection circuit and a rolling handle state detection circuit, the invention avoids the runaway generated by relay adhesion, PWM modulation chip damage, power tube driver circuit damage and broken-down faults of the power tube and can better effectively control the motor. In addition, the invention can self-diagnose electric faults, solves the problem of eliminating low fault speed and has low fault rate and easier debugging and modification.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of controller, particularly relate to a kind of controller for electric vehicle.
Background technology
Along with rapid development of social economy, people are also increasingly high to the functional requirement of battery-driven car, satisfied the desire that people ride instead of walk.Brush motor controller of the prior art; When various fault takes place in control circuit; For example following situation: the damage of PWM modulation chip, power tube puncture and other faults cause and cause motor lasting out of control, and this moment, controller will not respond brake signal and pwm control signal, and power line voltage directly puts on the two ends of motor; Make the motor high-speed operation; If do not turn-off motor power or stop the defencive function that PWM exports, will inevitably meet accident, productive life or personal safety are threatened.Brush motor controller of the prior art, still there is following problem in control circuit:
1. cross when low when power line voltage, controller still continues output, and part direct supply (like lead battery, lithium cell etc.) is caused damage because of over discharge;
2. increase when exceeding the maximum current that power tube can bear with load when the electric current that flows through in the power tube, because controller has protective circuit not cause power tube to damage;
3. under situation such as relay adhesion, PWM modulation chip damage, power tube drive circuit damages, power tube is breakdown; Power line voltage directly puts on the motor two ends; Controller will not respond brake signal and handle signal; When causing motor out of control, do not turn-off motor power or stop the defencive function that PWM exports;
4. when owing to artificial origin, mechanical breakdown, fault etc., form the irreducible situation of handle, when causing motor out of control, do not turn-off motor power or stop the defencive function that PWM exports;
5. puncture at power tube, and under the prerequisite that lost efficacy of breakdown protection circuit, the relay contact adhesion, system's back car load when not having the handle input that powers on just begins action, does not have the handle defencive function.
6. Full Vehicle System discharge current under readiness for action is big, causes the battery pack over discharge to cause damage.
7. when passing through controller to power source charges, start the operation handle, controller still continues output, does not turn-off motor power or stops the defencive function that PWM exports.
8. the grid of power tube drives and lacks mu balanced circuit, impacts the damage that thing causes power tube easily when driving circuit receives overvoltage.
9. the diode handle speed of power tube drive circuit is slow, and circuit working punctures when high-frequency easily, causes power tube drive circuit to damage after the puncture, causes the power tube thermal breakdown.
10. the power tube protective circuit is under the prerequisite that does not have to delay time that powers on, and misoperation easily causes the mistake protection, and Full Vehicle System can not start.
Descend efficient low in working order 11.PWM carrier frequency is crossed high-power tube, cause the charging capacitor ripple current excessive, cause electric capacity to puncture, power tube damages.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of controller for electric vehicle that prevents motor function safety and reliability out of control that has for solving the technical matters that exists in the known technology.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes for the technical matters that exists in the solution known technology is: it includes power interface, control circuit and motor signaling interface; Described control circuit comprises that the under-voltage protecting circuit that is used to detect power line voltage and whether reaches the discharge lower limit, one are used for whether just being used to provide the handle, one of PWM output control signal to be used to detect the handle fail-safe circuit that handle resets before whether powering on electrically-charged charge condition testing circuit, one detecting battery before the operation; One be used for the detection power pipe whether the NORM OPN power tube puncture and guarantee the electrifying timing sequence protective circuit whether each functional circuit reliably powers on when testing circuit, one are used to power on; One is used for the signal and the handle status signal of received power pipe puncture and determines the relay whether controller is exported; One is used to detect the flow through limit detection circuit of motor and supply current, pwm control circuit that is used to regulate electric moter voltage, power tube drive circuit, power tube protective circuit of voltage regulation, a power tube; Between described power interface and motor signaling interface, connect described under-voltage protecting circuit, pwm control circuit, power tube drive circuit, power tube and relay successively; Described limit detection circuit is connected between described pwm control circuit and the motor signaling interface; Described electrifying timing sequence protective circuit is connected in described power interface and power tube punctures between the testing circuit; Described power tube protective circuit of voltage regulation is included in the power tube drive circuit; Be used for power tube gate drive voltage voltage-stabilizing protection; Described power tube punctures testing circuit and is connected between described relay and the power tube, and described handle fail-safe circuit is connected on the control circuit of said relay, and the charge condition testing circuit is connected with pwm control circuit;
Said pwm control circuit is made up of 494 chip IC and peripheral circuit thereof; 13 pin ground connection of said chip IC; Selected the mode of operation of two aerotron parallel connections of chip internal; Ground connection after 9 pin of the emitter chip IC of described two aerotrons link to each other with 10 pin, the collecting electrode of said two aerotrons are to insert said power tube drive circuit through a resistance after 8 pin of said chip IC link to each other with 11 pin; 9 pin of chip IC with can link to each other the other end ground connection of the 6th resistance (R6) to the 6th resistance (R6) end that carrier frequency is controlled at 15-16.5kHz;
Said under-voltage protecting circuit is made up of the 1st aerotron (T1), the 33rd resistance (R33), the 32nd resistance (R32), the 31st resistance (R31), the 5th resistance (R5), the 1st stabilivolt (Z1), the 4th diode (D4); Wherein the 33rd resistance (R33) is connected on the power supply VCC with an end of the 32nd resistance (R32); The other end of the 33rd resistance (R33) links to each other with the negative electrode of the 1st stabilivolt (Z1); The other end of the 32nd resistance (R32) is connected with the collecting electrode of the 4th diode (D4) anode and the 1st aerotron (T1); The anode of the 1st stabilivolt (Z1) links to each other with the base stage of the 1st aerotron (T1) and an end of the 31st resistance (R31); The grounded emitter of the other end of the 31st resistance (R31) and the 1st aerotron (T1), the negative electrode of the 4th diode (D4) is through the 5th resistance (R5) ground connection;
Said charge condition testing circuit is made up of 15 pin of said chip IC, said comparator and the 13rd resistance (R13), the 11st resistance (R11), the 9th electric capacity (C9), the 3rd diode (D3) that 16 pin constitute; The anode of one termination the 3rd diode (D3) of the 13rd resistance (R13) is connected with the charging signals input end; The negative electrode of the 3rd diode (D3) is connected with the positive pole of charging output; One end of 16 pin of the said chip IC of another termination of the 13rd resistance (R13) and the 11st resistance (R11), the 9th electric capacity (C9); The other end ground connection of the 11st resistance (R11) and the 9th electric capacity (C9), the 3rd pin of the said chip IC of output termination of comparator;
Said handle input circuit is made up of 15 pin of said chip IC, said comparator, handle (J4), the 9th resistance (R9), the 10th resistance (R10), the 4th resistance (R4), the 5th resistance (R5), the 4th chemical capacitor (C4) that 16 pin constitute; The signal input part of handle links to each other with an end of the 9th resistance (R9); Power supply termination+the 5V of handle; The ground end ground connection of handle; 15 pin of another termination chip IC of the 9th resistance (R9), the positive pole of the 4th chemical capacitor (C4) connects an end of the 10th resistance (R10), the other end ground connection of the 10th resistance (R10); The negative pole of the 4th chemical capacitor (C4) connects the 4th pin of said chip IC and an end of the 5th resistance (R5); The other end ground connection of the 5th resistance (R5), an end of the 4th resistance (R4) are connected between 15 pin of 3 pin and chip IC of said chip IC as feedback resistance, the 3rd pin of the output termination chip IC of comparator;
Said limit detection circuit is made up of 1 pin of chip IC, another comparator, constantan wire (RS), the 16th resistance (R16), the 3rd resistance (R3), the 1st resistance (R1), the 2nd resistance (R2), the 1st electric capacity (C1) that 2 pin constitute; Said constantan wire (RS) end ground connection; Another termination motor negative pole (M-) and the 1st resistance (R1); One end of another termination the 1st electric capacity (C1) of the 1st resistance (R1) and 1 pin of chip IC, the other end ground connection of the 1st electric capacity (C1), 14 pin of a chip termination IC of the 16th resistance (R16); 2 pin of another termination chip IC and the 3rd resistance (R3), the 2nd resistance (R2) are connected between 1 pin of 2 pin and chip IC of chip IC as feedback resistance;
Said handle fail-safe circuit is by a 2B comparator (U2B) and one the 5th diode (D5), four resistance; Promptly the 20th resistance (R20), the 18th resistance (R18), the 19th resistance (R19), the 21st resistance (R21) are formed; The negative pole of said the 5th diode (D5) connects 14 pin of chip IC, and positive pole connects an end of the 20th resistance (R20), an end of another termination the 18th resistance (R18) of the 20th resistance (R20) and 5 pin of 2B comparator (U2B); One termination handle signal input part of the 21st resistance (R21); 6 pin of another termination 2B comparator (U2B) of the 21st resistance (R21), 7 pin of 2B comparator (U2B) connect the base stage of the 5th aerotron T5,7 pin of a termination 2B comparator (U2B) of the 19th resistance (R19); 5 pin of another termination 2B comparator (U2B) are as the feedback resistance of amplifier;
Said power tube punctures testing circuit and is made up of 2A comparator (U2A), the 26th resistance (R26), the 27th resistance (R27), the 25th resistance (R25), the 24th resistance (R24); The 26th resistance (R26) end is connected with power supply VCC; 3 pin of another termination the 27th resistance (R27) and 2A comparator (U2A); The drain electrode of one termination the 1st power tube (VF1) of the 25th resistance (R25), an end of 2 pin of another termination 2A comparator (U2A) and the 24th resistance (R24), 1 pin of 2A comparator (U2A) connects the base stage of the 5th aerotron (T5); The other end of the 24th resistance (R24) is with an end ground connection of the 27th resistance (R27);
The electrifying timing sequence protective circuit; By the 36th resistance (R36), the 25th resistance (R25), the 24th resistance (R24); Form with the 12nd electric capacity (C12); Wherein an end of the 36th resistance (R36) is connected with power supply 24V, and the other end is connected with the positive pole of the 12nd electric capacity (C12), and the negative pole of the 12nd electric capacity (C12) is connected with 2 pin of the 25th resistance (R25), the 24th resistance (R24), 2A comparator (U2A);
Said power tube drive circuit is made up of NPN the 3rd aerotron (T3), PNP the 2nd aerotron (T2), the 4th aerotron (T4), the 28th resistance (R28), the 7th resistance (R7), the 29th resistance (R29), the 30th resistance (R30), the 10th chemical capacitor (C10) and the 6th diode (D6); The emitter of the 2nd aerotron (T2) connects the collecting electrode of the 3rd aerotron (T3), the negative pole of the 6th diode (D6), an end of the 28th resistance (R28) and the positive pole of the 10th chemical capacitor (C10); The base stage of the 2nd aerotron (T2) connects the other end of the 28th resistance (R28) and an end of the 7th resistance (R7); 8 pin of another termination chip IC of the 7th resistance (R7); The anodal power connection VCC of the 6th diode (D6); The collecting electrode of the 2nd aerotron (T2) connects the base stage of the 3rd aerotron (T3), the base stage of the 4th aerotron (T4) and an end of the 29th resistance (R29); The source electrode of another termination the 1st power tube (VF1) of the 29th resistance (R29) and the collecting electrode of the 4th aerotron (T4); The emitter of the 3rd aerotron (T3) connects the emitter of said the 4th aerotron (T4) and an end of the 30th resistance (R30); The grid of another termination the 1st power tube (VF1) of the 30th resistance (R30), the 6th diode (D6) is the schottky diode of high quick closing valve speed;
Said power tube protective circuit of voltage regulation; (Z2) forms by the 2nd stabilivolt; The negative electrode of the 2nd stabilivolt (Z2) and the 4th aerotron (T4); One end of the base stage of the 3rd aerotron (T3), the 35th resistance (R35), the 29th resistance (R29) connects, the collecting electrode of the anode of the 2nd stabilivolt (Z2) and the 4th aerotron (T4), and the other end of the 29th resistance (R29) connects;
Said the 1st power tube (VF1) is N channel enhancement MOSFET; Said power supply is 24V or 36V direct supply;
Described control circuit also includes a handle control protection electric circuit that is used to protect car load, and described handle control protection electric circuit is connected in the middle of the relay control circuit; Described handle control protection electric circuit includes the 38th resistance (R38), the 37th resistance (R37), the 39th resistance (R39), the 17th electric capacity (C17), the 7th aerotron (T7) and the 6th aerotron (T6); The 38th resistance (R38) end is connected with handle protection input end; The 38th resistance (R38) other end is connected with the 39th resistance (R39), the 17th electric capacity (C17) and the 7th aerotron (T7) base stage; The 39th resistance (R39) other end ground connection, the 17th electric capacity (C17) other end ground connection, the 7th aerotron (T7) grounded emitter; The collecting electrode of the 7th aerotron (T7) is connected with the 37th resistance (R37) end; The 37th resistance (R37) other end is connected with the 6th aerotron (T6) base stage, and the 6th aerotron (T6) collecting electrode is connected with relay coil (JDQ) end, and the 6th aerotron (T6) emitter is connected with power supply VCC.
Advantage and good effect that the present invention has are: through the co-operation of PWM control module, power tube driver module, power tube; Can direct supply be modulated into impulse singla; And whether control the rotation of motor through the output of handle control wave; Puncture testing circuit, handle state detection circuit owing to be provided with power tube; The motor out-of-control phenomenon is detected automatically and protects, avoided out-of-control phenomenon, thereby realized more effective control motor because of fault generating such as relay adhesion, PWM modulation chip damage, power tube drive circuit damages, power tube is breakdown.In addition, thus when also being provided with the power line voltage detection module and realizing that power line voltage arrives near the discharge lower limit gradually the output of closing controller avoid the power supply overdischarge.
The present invention compared with prior art has significant advantage and beneficial effect, is embodied in the following aspects:
1. owing to be provided with under-voltage protecting circuit, thereby avoided the injury that causes because of battery overdischarge;
2. puncture testing circuit, handle state detection circuit owing to be provided with power tube; The motor out-of-control phenomenon is detected automatically and protects; Avoided out-of-control phenomenon, thereby realized more effective control motor because of fault generating such as relay adhesion, PWM modulation chip damage, power tube drive circuit damages, power tube is breakdown.
3. can carry out OBD to electrical accident, so just solve the slow-footed problem of present trouble-shooting well.
4. fault rate is low, and debugging is revised comparatively speaking than being easier to.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
For further understanding content of the present invention, characteristics and effect, the following examples of giving an example now, and conjunction with figs. specifies as follows:
As shown in Figure 1; Between battery power interface and motor signaling interface, be connected with under-voltage protecting circuit, pwm control circuit, power tube drive circuit, power tube and relay in turn; Limit detection circuit is connected between pwm control circuit and the motor signaling interface; The electrifying timing sequence protective circuit is connected in power interface and power tube punctures between the testing circuit, and the power tube protective circuit of voltage regulation is included in the power tube drive circuit, and power tube punctures testing circuit and is connected between relay and the power tube; The handle fail-safe circuit is connected on the control circuit of relay, and the charge condition testing circuit is connected with pwm control circuit; The handle control protection electric circuit is connected in the control loop of relay.
As shown in Figure 2; Pwm control circuit is made up of 494 chip IC and peripheral circuit thereof; 13 pin ground connection of chip IC; Selected the mode of operation of two aerotron parallel connections of chip internal, ground connection after 9 pin of the emitter chip IC of two aerotrons link to each other with 10 pin, the collecting electrode of two aerotrons is that 8 pin of chip IC link to each other the back through resistance R 7 access power tube drive circuits with 11 pin; 9 pin of chip IC with can link to each other the other end ground connection of resistance R 6 to resistance R 6 one ends that carrier frequency is controlled at 15-16.5kHz; Pwm control circuit comes opening and turn-offing of driving power pipe VF1 through power tube drive circuit, thereby has controlled the rotation of motor.Pwm control circuit is controlled by voltage detection circuit, charge condition testing circuit, handle input circuit, limit detection circuit simultaneously.
Under-voltage protecting circuit is made up of aerotron T1, resistance R 33, resistance R 32, resistance R 31, resistance R 5, stabilivolt Z1, diode D4; Wherein resistance R 33 is connected on the power supply VCC with an end of resistance R 32; The other end of resistance R 33 links to each other with the negative electrode of stabilivolt Z1; The other end of resistance R 32 is connected with the collecting electrode of diode D4 anode and aerotron T1; The anode of stabilivolt Z1 links to each other with the base stage of aerotron T1 and an end of resistance R 31, the grounded emitter of the other end of resistance R 31 and aerotron T1, and the negative electrode of diode D4 is through resistance R 5 ground connection; Prescribe a time limit down when power line voltage VCC reaches discharge, sampled signal relatively is output as high level greater than VREF (Voltage Reference), and then PWM output ends, to reach the purpose of protection part direct supply (like lead battery, lithium cell etc.).When power line voltage was higher than the discharge lower voltage limit, this circuit was inoperative.
The charge condition testing circuit is made up of 15 pin of chip IC, comparator and resistance R 13, resistance R 11, capacitor C 9, the diode D3 that 16 pin constitute; The anode of one terminating diode D3 of resistance R 13 is connected with the charging signals input end; The negative electrode of diode D3 is connected with the positive pole of charging output; One end of 16 pin of resistance R 13 another termination chip IC and resistance R 11, capacitor C 9, the other end ground connection of resistance R 11 and capacitor C 9, the 3rd pin of the said chip IC of output termination of comparator; This circuit detects battery automatically and whether is in charge condition, and when battery charge, the dividing potential drop of R13 and R11 is greater than the dividing potential drop of R9 and R10; Comparator is output as high level; PWM output ends, thereby has played the effect of charge protection, that is to say that motor can be not out of control in the process of charging.
The handle input circuit is made up of 15 pin of chip IC, comparator, handle J4, resistance R 9, resistance R 10, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, the chemical capacitor C4 that 16 pin constitute; One end of the signal input part of handle and resistance R 9 links to each other; Power supply termination+the 5V of handle, the ground end ground connection of handle, 15 pin of another termination chip IC of resistance R 9; The end of the anodal connecting resistance R10 of chemical capacitor C4; The other end ground connection of resistance R 10, the negative pole of chemical capacitor C4 connect the 4th pin of chip IC and an end of resistance R 5, the other end ground connection of resistance R 5; One end of resistance R 4 is connected between 15 pin of 3 pin and chip IC of chip IC as feedback resistance, the 3rd pin of the output termination chip IC of comparator; Wherein R9 and R10 dividing potential drop are exported control signal as PWM, and when the handle output signal, the dividing potential drop of R9, R10 has PWM output greater than the reference voltage of 16 pin of IC, and in addition, C4 slowly discharges through R5, and the dead band is slowly diminished, and motor slowly starts.
Limit detection circuit is made up of 1 pin of chip IC, another comparator, constantan wire RS, resistance R 16, resistance R 3, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, the capacitor C 1 that 2 pin constitute; Constantan wire RS one end ground connection; Another termination motor negative pole (M-) and resistance R 1; One end of another termination capacitor C 1 of resistance R 1 and 1 pin of chip IC, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 1,14 pin of a chip termination IC of resistance R 16; 2 pin of another termination chip IC and resistance R 3, resistance R 2 are connected between 1 pin of 2 pin and chip IC of chip IC as feedback resistance; Wherein the pressure drop that on constantan wire RS, produces of motor is as the current limliting sampled signal; When the electric current that flows through power tube VF1 increases because of motor load, the effect of the amplifier that constitutes through 1 pin of IC and 2 pin, chip IC will reduce PWM output automatically; Thereby electric current is limited within the setting value; So just protect power tube VF1, power tube VF1 can not burnt because of under over-current state, working for a long time, also protected motor simultaneously.
The handle fail-safe circuit is by a comparator U2B and a diode D5, four resistance, and resistance R 20, resistance R 18, resistance R 19, resistance R 21 are formed, and the negative pole of diode D5 connects 14 pin of chip IC; The end of anodal connecting resistance R20; The end of the other end connecting resistance R18 of resistance R 20 and 5 pin of comparator U2B, a termination handle signal input part of resistance R 21,6 pin of another termination comparator U2B of resistance R 21; 7 pin of comparator U2B connect the base stage of aerotron T5; 7 pin of one termination comparator U2B of resistance R 19,5 pin of another termination comparator U2B are as the feedback resistance of amplifier; Wherein R18 and R20 dividing potential drop be as handle state sampled signal, and in the moment that powers on, PWM output control signal is than on more Zao 6 pin that are added in LM393 of reference signal; And magnitude of voltage is greater than reference signal, this moment LM393 comparator U2B 7 pin output low levels, T5 does not open; Not adhesive of relay J DQ is isolated between power supply and motor, and motor does not change; So just can effectively avoid causing motor problem out of control owing to artificial origin, mechanical breakdown, fault etc. cause handle not reset.
Power tube punctures testing circuit and is made up of comparator U2A, resistance R 26, resistance R 27, resistance R 25, resistance R 24; Resistance R 26 1 ends are connected with power supply VCC; 3 pin of other end connecting resistance R27 and comparator U2A, the drain electrode of a termination power tube VF1 of resistance R 25,2 pin of another termination comparator U2A and an end of resistance R 24; 1 pin of comparator U2A connects the base stage of aerotron T5, an end ground connection of the other end of resistance R 24 and resistance R 27; Wherein R26 and R27 dividing potential drop are that comparator provides VREF (Voltage Reference), and R25 and R24 dividing potential drop are as power tube breakdown conditions sampled signal, when power tube VF1 often opens owing to chip IC is damaged, driving circuit damages or power tube VF1 itself punctures; Make the 2 pin voltages of LM393 comparator U2A greater than 3 pin; 1 pin is output as low, and aerotron T5 turn-offs, and relay J DQ opens handle; Power supply and motor are isolated, and have so just avoided that to puncture the motor cause out of control because of power tube VF1.
Aerotron T5, resistance R 22, R23, diode D7 and power tube VF2 are arranged around the relay J DQ.Relay J DQ coil one termination working power VCC, the collecting electrode of another termination T5, the grounded emitter of T5; The base stage of T5 connects the end of R23; The end of another termination R22 of R23, another termination VCC of R22, the output signal that handle fail-safe circuit and power tube puncture testing circuit is added on the base stage of T5; Diode D7 is connected in parallel on the two ends of relay J DQ coil; The drain electrode of one termination power tube VF2 of the open contact of relay J DQ, another termination VCC, external control signal are added in the handle of opening and turn-off next indirect control relay JDQ of the base stage of aerotron T5 through control aerotron T5; To play the effect of insulating power supply and motor, effectively control is because the motor that various factors causes is out of control.
The electrifying timing sequence protective circuit; By resistance R 36, resistance R 25, resistance R 24, C12 forms, and wherein an end of resistance R 36 is connected with power supply 24V; The other end is connected with the positive pole of capacitor C 12, and the negative pole of capacitor C 12 is connected with 2 pin of resistance R 25, resistance R 24, comparator U2A.
Power tube drive circuit is made up of NPN aerotron T3, PNP aerotron T2, aerotron T4, resistance R 28, resistance R 7, resistance R 29, resistance R 30, chemical capacitor C10 and diode D6; The emitter of aerotron T2 connects the collecting electrode of aerotron T3, the negative pole of diode D6, an end of resistance R 28 and the positive pole of chemical capacitor C10; The other end of the base stage connecting resistance R28 of aerotron T2 and an end of resistance R 7; 8 pin of another termination chip IC of resistance R 7; The anodal power connection VCC of diode D6; One end of the base stage of the collector connecting transistor T3 of aerotron T2, the base stage of aerotron T4 and resistance R 29, the source electrode of another termination power tube VF1 of resistance R 29 and the collecting electrode of aerotron T4, the emitter of aerotron T3 connects the emitter of aerotron T4 and an end of resistance R 30; The grid of another termination power tube VF1 of resistance R 30, diode D6 is the schottky diode of high quick closing valve speed; Because chip IC has a dead band characteristic when output PWM, full conducting situation can not occur, utilizes this characteristic, when chip IC stops to export; Aerotron T2, T3 do not open, and power tube VF2 does not open yet, and capacitor C 10 negative poles are equivalent to ground connection, and VCC charges to capacitor C 10 through diode D6; Because diode D6 is anti-inclined to one side, capacitor C 10 cathode voltages will be higher than power line voltage, and when chip IC had output, aerotron T2, T3 opened; High pressure is added on the grid of power tube VF2, power tube VF2 conducting, and source voltage raises rapidly; Capacitor C 10 discharges simultaneously, when chip IC stopped to export once more, capacitor C 10 negative poles are ground connection once more; Capacitor C 10 gets into process of charging once more, so repeatedly, can make motor continue to rotate.
The power tube protective circuit of voltage regulation, Z2 forms by stabilivolt, the negative electrode of stabilivolt Z2 and aerotron T4, an end of the base stage of aerotron T3, resistance R 35, resistance R 29 connects, the collecting electrode of the anode of stabilivolt Z2 and aerotron T4, the other end of resistance R 29 connects;
Power tube VF1 is N channel enhancement MOSFET; Power supply is 24V or 36V direct supply.
The handle control protection electric circuit includes resistance R 38, resistance R 37, resistance R 39, capacitor C 17, aerotron T7 and aerotron T6; Resistance R 38 1 ends are connected with handle protection input end, and resistance R 38 other ends are connected with resistance R 39, capacitor C 17 and aerotron T7 base stage, resistance R 39 other end ground connection; Capacitor C 17 other end ground connection; Aerotron T7 grounded emitter, the collecting electrode of aerotron T7 is connected with resistance R 37 1 ends, and resistance R 37 other ends are connected with aerotron T6 base stage; Aerotron T6 collecting electrode is connected with relay J DQ coil one end, and aerotron T6 emitter is connected with power supply VCC.When the handle handle is closed, aerotron T7 and T6 conducting, relay J DQ coil gets electric adhesive, motor and the anodal electric power loop, machine operation of being connected.When handle resets, the handle handle breaks off, and aerotron T7 and T6 end, relay J DQ disconnection, and motor quits work.
Claims (1)
1. controller for electric vehicle; It includes power interface, control circuit and motor signaling interface; Described control circuit comprises that the under-voltage protecting circuit that is used to detect power line voltage and whether reaches the discharge lower limit, one are used for whether just being used to provide the handle, one of PWM output control signal to be used to detect the handle fail-safe circuit that handle resets before whether powering on electrically-charged charge condition testing circuit, one detecting battery before the operation; One be used for the detection power pipe whether the NORM OPN power tube puncture and guarantee the electrifying timing sequence protective circuit whether each functional circuit reliably powers on when testing circuit, one are used to power on; One is used for the signal and the handle status signal of received power pipe puncture and determines the relay whether controller is exported; One is used to detect the flow through limit detection circuit of motor and supply current, pwm control circuit that is used to regulate electric moter voltage, power tube drive circuit, power tube protective circuit of voltage regulation, a power tube; Between described power interface and motor signaling interface, connect described under-voltage protecting circuit, pwm control circuit, power tube drive circuit, power tube and relay successively; Described limit detection circuit is connected between described pwm control circuit and the motor signaling interface; Described electrifying timing sequence protective circuit is connected in described power interface and power tube punctures between the testing circuit; Described power tube protective circuit of voltage regulation is included in the power tube drive circuit; Be used for power tube gate drive voltage voltage-stabilizing protection; Described power tube punctures testing circuit and is connected between described relay and the power tube, and described handle fail-safe circuit is connected on the control circuit of said relay, and the charge condition testing circuit is connected with pwm control circuit;
Said pwm control circuit is made up of 494 chip IC and peripheral circuit thereof; 13 pin ground connection of said chip IC; Selected the mode of operation of two aerotron parallel connections of chip internal; Ground connection after 9 pin of the emitter chip IC of described two aerotrons link to each other with 10 pin, the collecting electrode of said two aerotrons are to insert said power tube drive circuit through a resistance after 8 pin of said chip IC link to each other with 11 pin; 9 pin of chip IC with can link to each other the other end ground connection of the 6th resistance (R6) to the 6th resistance (R6) end that carrier frequency is controlled at 15-16.5kHz;
Said under-voltage protecting circuit is made up of the 1st aerotron (T1), the 33rd resistance (R33), the 32nd resistance (R32), the 31st resistance (R31), the 5th resistance (R5), the 1st stabilivolt (Z1), the 4th diode (D4); Wherein the 33rd resistance (R33) is connected on the power supply VCC with an end of the 32nd resistance (R32); The other end of the 33rd resistance (R33) links to each other with the negative electrode of the 1st stabilivolt (Z1); The other end of the 32nd resistance (R32) is connected with the collecting electrode of the 4th diode (D4) anode and the 1st aerotron (T1); The anode of the 1st stabilivolt (Z1) links to each other with the base stage of the 1st aerotron (T1) and an end of the 31st resistance (R31); The grounded emitter of the other end of the 31st resistance (R31) and the 1st aerotron (T1), the negative electrode of the 4th diode (D4) is through the 5th resistance (R5) ground connection;
Said charge condition testing circuit is made up of 15 pin of said chip IC, said comparator and the 13rd resistance (R13), the 11st resistance (R11), the 9th electric capacity (C9), the 3rd diode (D3) that 16 pin constitute; The anode of one termination the 3rd diode (D3) of the 13rd resistance (R13) is connected with the charging signals input end; The negative electrode of the 3rd diode (D3) is connected with the positive pole of charging output; One end of 16 pin of the said chip IC of another termination of the 13rd resistance (R13) and the 11st resistance (R11), the 9th electric capacity (C9); The other end ground connection of the 11st resistance (R11) and the 9th electric capacity (C9), the 3rd pin of the said chip IC of output termination of comparator;
Said handle input circuit is made up of 15 pin of said chip IC, said comparator, handle (J4), the 9th resistance (R9), the 10th resistance (R10), the 4th resistance (R4), the 5th resistance (R5), the 4th chemical capacitor (C4) that 16 pin constitute; The signal input part of handle links to each other with an end of the 9th resistance (R9); Power supply termination+the 5V of handle; The ground end ground connection of handle; 15 pin of another termination chip IC of the 9th resistance (R9), the positive pole of the 4th chemical capacitor C4 connect an end of the 10th resistance R 10, the other end ground connection of the 10th resistance (R10); The negative pole of the 4th chemical capacitor (C4) connects the 4th pin of said chip IC and an end of the 5th resistance (R5); The other end ground connection of the 5th resistance (R5), an end of the 4th resistance (R4) are connected between 15 pin of 3 pin and chip IC of said chip IC as feedback resistance, the 3rd pin of the output termination chip IC of comparator;
Said limit detection circuit is made up of 1 pin of chip IC, another comparator, constantan wire (RS), the 16th resistance (R16), the 3rd resistance (R3), the 1st resistance (R1), the 2nd resistance (R2), the 1st electric capacity (C1) that 2 pin constitute; Said constantan wire (RS) end ground connection; Another termination motor negative pole (M-) and the 1st resistance (R1); One end of another termination the 1st electric capacity (C1) of the 1st resistance (R1) and 1 pin of chip IC; The other end ground connection of the 1st electric capacity (C1); 14 pin of one chip termination IC of the 16th resistance (R16), 2 pin of another termination chip IC and the 3rd resistance (R3), the 2nd resistance (R2) are connected between 1 pin of 2 pin and chip IC of chip IC as feedback resistance;
Said handle fail-safe circuit is by a 2B comparator (U2B) and one the 5th diode (D5), four resistance; Promptly the 20th resistance (R20), the 18th resistance (R18), the 19th resistance (R19), the 21st resistance (R21) are formed; The negative pole of said the 5th diode (D5) connects 14 pin of chip IC; Positive pole connects an end of the 20th resistance (R20); One end of another termination the 18th resistance (R18) of the 20th resistance (R20) and 5 pin of 2B comparator (U2B), a termination handle signal input part of the 21st resistance (R21), 6 pin of another termination 2B comparator (U2B) of the 21st resistance (R21); 7 pin of 2B comparator (U2B) connect the base stage of the 5th aerotron T5; 7 pin of one termination 2B comparator (U2B) of the 19th resistance (R19), 5 pin of another termination 2B comparator (U2B) are as the feedback resistance of amplifier;
Said power tube punctures testing circuit and is made up of 2A comparator (U2A), the 26th resistance (R26), the 27th resistance (R27), the 25th resistance (R25), the 24th resistance (R24); The 26th resistance (R26) end is connected with power supply VCC; 3 pin of another termination the 27th resistance (R27) and 2A comparator (U2A); The drain electrode of one termination the 1st power tube (VF1) of the 25th resistance (R25), an end of 2 pin of another termination 2A comparator (U2A) and the 24th resistance (R24), 1 pin of 2A comparator (U2A) connects the base stage of the 5th aerotron (T5); The other end of the 24th resistance (R24) is with an end ground connection of the 27th resistance (R27);
The electrifying timing sequence protective circuit; By the 36th resistance (R36), the 25th resistance (R25), the 24th resistance (R24); Form with the 12nd electric capacity (C12); Wherein an end of the 36th resistance (R36) is connected with power supply 24V, and the other end is connected with the positive pole of the 12nd electric capacity (C12), and the negative pole of the 12nd electric capacity (C12) is connected with 2 pin of the 25th resistance (R25), the 24th resistance (R24), 2A comparator (U2A);
Said power tube drive circuit is made up of NPN the 3rd aerotron (T3), PNP the 2nd aerotron (T2), the 4th aerotron (T4), the 28th resistance (R28), the 7th resistance (R7), the 29th resistance (R29), the 30th resistance (R30), the 10th chemical capacitor (C10) and the 6th diode (D6); The emitter of the 2nd aerotron (T2) connects the collecting electrode of the 3rd aerotron (T3), the negative pole of the 6th diode (D6), an end of the 28th resistance (R28) and the positive pole of the 10th chemical capacitor (C10); The base stage of the 2nd aerotron (T2) connects the other end of the 28th resistance (R28) and an end of the 7th resistance (R7); 8 pin of another termination chip IC of the 7th resistance (R7); The anodal power connection VCC of the 6th diode (D6); The collecting electrode of the 2nd aerotron (T2) connects the base stage of the 3rd aerotron (T3), the base stage of the 4th aerotron (T4) and an end of the 29th resistance (R29); The source electrode of another termination the 1st power tube (VF1) of the 29th resistance (R29) and the collecting electrode of the 4th aerotron (T4); The emitter of the 3rd aerotron (T3) connects the emitter of said the 4th aerotron (T4) and an end of the 30th resistance (R30); The grid of another termination the 1st power tube (VF1) of the 30th resistance (R30), the 6th diode (D6) is the schottky diode of high quick closing valve speed;
Said power tube protective circuit of voltage regulation; (Z2) forms by the 2nd stabilivolt; The negative electrode of the 2nd stabilivolt (Z2) and the 4th aerotron (T4); One end of the base stage of the 3rd aerotron (T3), the 35th resistance (R35), the 29th resistance (R29) connects, the collecting electrode of the anode of the 2nd stabilivolt (Z2) and the 4th aerotron (T4), and the other end of the 29th resistance (R29) connects;
Said the 1st power tube (VF1) is N channel enhancement MOSFET; Said power supply is 24V or 36V direct supply;
It is characterized in that: described control circuit also includes a handle control protection electric circuit that is used to protect car load, and described handle control protection electric circuit is connected in the middle of the relay control circuit; Described handle control protection electric circuit includes the 38th resistance (R38), the 37th resistance (R37), the 39th resistance (R39), the 17th electric capacity (C17), the 7th aerotron (T7) and the 6th aerotron (T6); The 38th resistance (R38) end is connected with handle protection input end; The 38th resistance (R38) other end is connected with the 39th resistance (R39), the 17th electric capacity (C17) and the 7th aerotron (T7) base stage; The 39th resistance (R39) other end ground connection, the 17th electric capacity (C17) other end ground connection, the 7th aerotron (T7) grounded emitter; The collecting electrode of the 7th aerotron (T7) is connected with the 37th resistance (R37) end; The 37th resistance (R37) other end is connected with the 6th aerotron (T6) base stage, and the 6th aerotron (T6) collecting electrode is connected with relay coil (JDQ) end, and the 6th aerotron (T6) emitter is connected with power supply VCC.
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| CN105774696A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-07-20 | 中国端子电业股份有限公司 | Vehicle control system and method |
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