CN101788532A - Ultrasonic testing method used for large-sized complex forging - Google Patents
Ultrasonic testing method used for large-sized complex forging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the nondestructive testing field and relates to an ultrasonic testing method used for a large-sized complex forging. The method combines the testing mode of the contact process and the testing mode of the water-soaking process. By utilizing the characteristic of the contact process that the detection sensitivity for the interior of the material is high, the part of the forging that is deeper from the surface is detected; by utilizing the characteristic of the water-soaking process that the blind zone on the surface is small, the defect of the near surface detectability of the contact process is made up, the effective supplement detection can be carried out on the near surface of the forging; particularly, by utilizing the characteristic of the water-soaking process that the curvature of the molded surface is insensitive, the zone (including a corner part and other big-curvature parts) of the near surface that is not effectively covered by the contact process at the complex part of the molded surface of the forging is detected. The method can be used for the large-sized complex forging with the shape complex coefficient being the S4 level, the detection sensitivity for the near surface and the interior of the material can reach more than Phi1.2-6dB, the detection depth can be 400mm, and the blind zone on the surface is 5-8mm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Non-Destructive Testing field, relate to a kind of supersonic detection method that is used for large-sized complex forging.
Background technology
The effective means that Ultrasonic Detection detects as workpiece, defect, advantages such as, sensitivity height reliable with it are occupied critical role in modern Non-Destructive Testing field.In the Ultrasonic Detection process, key issue is to take into account blind area and detection sensitivity, promptly when detection sensitivity reaches technical requirement, also should enlarge sensing range as far as possible, to expose the defective that may exist in the workpiece to greatest extent, avoids hidden danger.
Large-sized complex forging includes multiple profiles such as pole, step, I shape usually, and detection method mainly comprises contact method and water seaoning.Wherein, contact method is to make sound wave see through thin couplant to enter workpiece, and the advantage of doing like this is that couplant is thin, and damping capacity was little when sound wave entered workpiece, therefore for workpiece inside higher detection sensitivity was arranged.But contact method also has surperficial blind area big (sometimes up to tens millimeters, much larger than the workpiece processing surplus), to position, turning and other curvature than shortcomings such as large part coupling effect differences, therefore only be fit to detect the defective at the more regular profile of forging (as the pole profile) position, and by suitably selecting the inherent vice at coupled surface detection of complex profile (as step, I shape, position, turning etc.) position.Water seaoning is that the water journey of sound wave by tens millimeters entered workpiece again, its advantage is that surperficial blind area is little, only be several millimeters, and it is insensitive to profile curvature, surface smoothness, therefore can detect the nearly surface of forging (the nearly surface that comprises the complex profile part), but it is fast also to have acoustic attenuation speed simultaneously, to the shortcoming of large-scale workpiece inside detection sensitivity deficiency.
As seen, contact method and water seaoning respectively have relative merits, become complementary relationship.Traditional forging Ultrasonic Detection only adopts a kind of mode of contact method or water seaoning to carry out, because detection mode is single, can't take into account surperficial blind area and detection sensitivity, therefore can not carry out complete detection to large-sized complex forging.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of a kind of supersonic detection method that is used for large-sized complex forging that can carry out complete detection to large-sized complex forging.Technical solution of the present invention is,
1) detect forging with ripple contact method at the bottom of the compressional wave or compressional wave test block contact method, compressional wave sound wave incident direction should be vertical as far as possible with forging flow lines, determines surperficial blind area simultaneously;
2) with compressional wave test block water seaoning to compressional wave at the bottom of ripple contact method or the compressional wave test block contact method surperficial blind area defective when detecting do to replenish and detect, the material that utilization contains two flat-bottom holes is identical with tested forging with surface state, the close reference block A in detection position corresponding on shape and the tested forging adjusts instrumental sensitivity, make the reflection wave height of two flat-bottom holes among the reference block A all reach the benchmark wave height at least, the big or small D of the surperficial blind area the when buried depth of two flat-bottom holes should equal ripple contact method at the bottom of the compressional wave or compressional wave test block contact method respectively and detects among the reference block A and the big or small d of forging process redundancy, use the sensitivity after the surface compensates to carry out scanning, compressional wave sound wave incident direction should be vertical as far as possible with forging flow lines during scanning.
The surface state that the utilization of described compressional wave test block contact method contains a flat-bottom hole is identical with tested forging, the close reference block B in detection position corresponding on shape and the tested forging adjusts instrumental sensitivity, make the reflection wave height of flat-bottom hole among the reference block B reach the benchmark wave height at least, and then detect, the buried depth of flat-bottom hole should be more than or equal to the corresponding maximum ga(u)ge L that detects the position on the forging among the reference block B.
Advantage and beneficial effect that the present invention has are:
1. the present invention adopts suitable mode organic assembling with contact method and water seaoning.Surperficial blind area when detecting by definite contact method, and the big or small D of the surperficial blind area of the buried depth of adjusting two flat-bottom holes in the reference block that instrumental sensitivity adopts when water seaoning is detected when equaling contact method respectively and detecting and the big or small d of forging process redundancy, guarantee that two kinds of methods can form complementary relationship aspect sensing range and the sensitivity;
2. the present invention has the little advantage in the insensitive and surperficial blind area of profile curvature for the situation of single employing contact method, can remedy the deficiency of contact method to the nearly surperficial detectability of large-sized complex forging; For the situation of single employing water seaoning, it is big to have the detectable degree of depth, to the high advantage of large-sized complex forging inside detection sensitivity;
3. help realizing complete detection to large-sized complex forging.
The present invention is that contact method detection mode and water seaoning detection mode is combined.Utilize the contact method characteristics high to the material internal detection sensitivity, solve forging apart from the surface than the detection of position, deep; Utilize the little characteristics in water seaoning blind area, surface, remedy the deficiency of the nearly surperficial detectability of contact method, the nearly surface of forging is implemented effectively to replenish to detect, especially utilize water seaoning to the insensitive characteristics of profile curvature, also can detect at the nearly surf zone (comprising position, turning and other deep camber position) that forging profile complex region can not effectively cover contact method.The present invention can be used for the large-sized complex forging that complex-shaped coefficient reaches the S4 level, can reach more than the Φ 1.2-6dB nearly surface of material and inner detection sensitivity, can detect the degree of depth and can reach 400mm, and surperficial blind area is little of 5mm～8mm.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the pole profile location detection synoptic diagram of the square step of the embodiment of the invention one large-sized complex forging band;
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention two large-sized complex forging turning profile location detection synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
1) detect forging with ripple contact method at the bottom of the compressional wave or compressional wave test block contact method, compressional wave sound wave incident direction should be vertical as far as possible with forging flow lines, determines surperficial blind area 1 simultaneously;
2) with compressional wave test block water seaoning to compressional wave at the bottom of ripple contact method or compressional wave test block contact method surperficial blind area 1 defective when detecting do to replenish and detect, the material that utilization contains two flat-bottom holes is identical with tested forging with surface state, the close reference block A in detection position corresponding on shape and the tested forging adjusts instrumental sensitivity, make the reflection wave height of two flat-bottom holes among the reference block A all reach the benchmark wave height at least, the big or small D of the surperficial blind area 1 the when buried depth of two flat-bottom holes should equal ripple contact method at the bottom of the compressional wave or compressional wave test block contact method respectively and detects among the reference block A and the big or small d of forging process redundancy 2, use the sensitivity after the surface compensates to carry out scanning, compressional wave sound wave incident direction should be vertical as far as possible with forging flow lines during scanning.
The surface state that the utilization of described compressional wave test block contact method contains a flat-bottom hole is identical with tested forging, the close reference block B in detection position corresponding on shape and the tested forging adjusts instrumental sensitivity, make the reflection wave height of flat-bottom hole among the reference block B reach the benchmark wave height at least, and then detect, the buried depth of flat-bottom hole should be more than or equal to the corresponding maximum ga(u)ge L that detects the position on the forging among the reference block B.
Elaborate below.
Large-sized complex forging is implemented to detect, adopts following method and step:
1) detects forging with ripple contact method at the bottom of the compressional wave or compressional wave test block contact method.Wherein, for the position that possesses end ripple method testing conditions (as some large scale pole positions), the ripple contact method detects at the bottom of can adopting compressional wave, method is at first to adjust instrumental sensitivity with end ripple method, make at the bottom of first time at the tested position of forging the wave reflection signal wave up to the benchmark wave height, improve Δ dB again, carry out scanning by this sensitivity.According to end ripple method requirement, above-mentioned Δ value can be calculated as follows:
In the formula:
Δ---initial sensitivity, unit are decibel;
Φ---check and accept equivalent flat-bottom hole diameter, unit is a millimeter;
λ---detected pieces medium wavelength, unit are millimeter;
F---the detected pieces degree of depth, unit is a millimeter.
And for adopting compressional wave test block contact method to detect in the position that does not possess end ripple method testing conditions on the forging, at first select suitable coupling surface, can with the contact method better bonding surfaces of popping one's head in, the surface state that utilization contains a flat-bottom hole is identical with tested forging, the close reference block B in corresponding detection position adjusts instrumental sensitivity on shape and the tested forging, make the reflection wave height of flat-bottom hole among the reference block B reach the benchmark wave height at least, and then detect, the buried depth of flat-bottom hole should be more than or equal to the maximum ga(u)ge L at detection position corresponding on the forging among the reference block B.
In ripple contact method or the compressional wave test block contact method testing process, compressional wave sound wave incident direction should be vertical as far as possible with forging flow lines, adjusting under the instrumental sensitivity situation, determines surperficial blind area at the bottom of the compressional wave.
2) at the bottom of the compressional wave after ripple contact method or the scanning of compressional wave test block contact method, adopt compressional wave test block water seaoning to compressional wave at the bottom of ripple contact method or the compressional wave test block contact method position, surperficial blind area (comprising other nearly surperficial position that position, turning, other deep camber position and contact method can't effectively detect) that can't effectively cover replenish detection.Method is to utilize the surface state that contains two flat-bottom holes identical with tested forging, the close reference block A in corresponding detection position adjusts instrumental sensitivity on shape and the tested forging, make the reflection wave height of two flat-bottom holes among the reference block A all reach the benchmark wave height at least, the big or small D of the surperficial blind area the when buried depth of two flat-bottom holes should equal ripple contact method at the bottom of the compressional wave or the check of compressional wave test block contact method respectively among the reference block A and the big or small d of forging process redundancy.Use the sensitivity after the surface compensates to carry out scanning to detecting the position, compressional wave sound wave incident direction should be vertical as far as possible with forging flow lines during scanning.
Forging detects the suitable compressional wave that adopts of ultrasonic type.Because forging defect prolongs streamline distribution more, so compressional wave sound wave incident direction should be vertical as far as possible with forging flow lines.Detect in the implementation process, the adjustment of sensitivity parameter and detectable area are approved really and are utilized end ripple method and reference block method to carry out.Wherein, end ripple method is applicable to that the contact method of position (as some the large scale pole positions) inherent vice that possesses end ripple method testing conditions (thickness is parallel greater than 3 times of near fields and upper and lower surface) on the forging detects, the advantage of doing like this is to make reference block, also need not carry out the surface compensation, be convenient to operation; Reference block method is applicable to that the water seaoning of near surface flaw on the forging detects, and is applicable to that also the contact method of the position inherent vice that does not possess end ripple method testing conditions on the forging detects.The reference block that reference block method adopts should be adopted and the same material of forging own is made, and the surface state of reference block should be identical with tested forging, and detection position shape corresponding on shape and the tested forging is close, with assurance sensitivity adjusting result's reliability.
Embodiment one
Pole profile position with square step on certain large-sized complex forging is detected, and wherein the pole section diameter is 360mm, and the height that square step part exceeds the pole part surface is 40mm.Forging flow lines and the parallel distribution of this position cross section profile with the pole profile position of square step.Big or small d with the process redundancy at the pole profile position of square step is 5mm.
Known pole section diameter is 360mm, in conjunction with used detecting instrument (USD15S type reflectoscope, 5Z20N type probe) characteristic, it possesses the testing conditions of end ripple method, the ripple contact method partly detects pole at the bottom of adopting compressional wave, to pop one's head in during detection vertically is positioned over the pole surface, to keep compressional wave sound wave incident direction and forging flow lines perpendicular.Require to adjust instrumental sensitivity according to the end ripple method when ripple contact method detects at the bottom of the compressional wave, getting the benchmark wave height when adjusting instrumental sensitivity is video screen full-scale 80%.After adjusting instrumental sensitivity by end ripple method, it is full-scale 12% that clutter is about video screen, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and detection sensitivity satisfy the requirement of A level Φ 1.2mm-6dB equivalent flat-bottom hole, by this sensitivity the pole part are along the circumferential direction carried out scanning.
In ripple contact method testing process at the bottom of the compressional wave, a square step part ring sector region whole and pole part surface and nearly surface can not be examined, and it is defined as surperficial blind area, through measuring, the surperficial blind area size D=40mm of square step part, the surperficial blind area size D=30mm of pole part.
With compressional wave test block water seaoning to compressional wave at the bottom of the surperficial blind area defective of ripple contact method when detecting do to replenish and detect, the reflectoscope that adopts is the USD15S type, probe is Z5M type (frequency is 5MHz), keeps compressional wave sound wave incident direction perpendicular with the direction of the direction forging flow lines that detects the position cross section profile during detection.Utilization contained the material reference block adjustment instrumental sensitivity identical with tested forging with surface state that two diameters are the flat-bottom hole of 1.2mm when compressional wave test block water seaoning detected.Detection position corresponding on the shape of reference block and the tested forging is close, and wherein, for the detection of pole part, adopting radius is the semicircle test block of 180mm; For the detection of square step part, employing shape, the square reference block that size is identical with square step.In the reference block buried depth of two flat-bottom holes equal respectively the big or small D (for pole part D=30mm, for square step part D=40mm) of the surperficial blind area when the ripple contact method detects at the bottom of the position compressional wave that detects and the big or small d=5mm of forging process redundancy.Getting the benchmark wave height is defectoscope video screen full-scale 80%, make the reflection wave height of two flat-bottom holes in the reference block all reach the benchmark wave height at least, by surperficial compensation method requirement sensitivity of tester is compensated again, wherein partly carry out the compensation of 10dB, carry out the compensation of 12dB for square step part for pole.Compensation back, surface clutter all is lower than video screen full-scale 10%, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and detection sensitivity satisfy the requirement of A level Φ 1.2mm-6dB equivalent flat-bottom hole, respectively the surperficial blind area of pole part and the surperficial blind area of square step part are replenished scanning by the sensitivity after the compensation of surface.
Embodiment two
Profile position in turning on certain large-sized complex forging is detected.Profile position, turning integral body is spill, is made up of three rectangular parallelepiped parts and two measure-alike arc corner parts, and wherein the maximum ga(u)ge L of three rectangular parallelepiped parts is followed successively by 110mm, 90mm, 80mm, and arc corner part radius-of-curvature is 25mm.The forging flow lines at profile position, turning and the parallel distribution of this position cross section profile.The big or small d=5mm of the process redundancy at profile position, turning.
In conjunction with used detecting instrument (USD15S type reflectoscope, 5Z20N type probe) characteristic, the maximum ga(u)ge L of three rectangular parallelepiped parts does not all possess the testing conditions of end ripple method, adopt compressional wave test block contact method that three rectangular parallelepiped parts are detected respectively, keep compressional wave sound wave incident direction perpendicular during detection with the direction of the direction forging flow lines that detects the position cross section profile.Utilization contained the material reference block adjustment instrumental sensitivity identical with tested forging with surface state that a diameter is the flat-bottom hole of 1.2mm when compressional wave test block contact method detected.Detection position corresponding on the shape of reference block, size and the tested forging is close, for three rectangular parallelepiped parts, adopts shape, square reference block that size is identical with it respectively.The buried depth of flat-bottom hole equals the corresponding maximum ga(u)ge L that detects the position in the reference block, and for three rectangular parallelepiped parts, the buried depth of flat-bottom hole is followed successively by 110mm, 90mm, 80mm in its reference block.Three rectangular parallelepiped parts are adjusted instrumental sensitivity successively, and carry out scanning respectively.When adjusting instrumental sensitivity, it is full-scale 80% to get the benchmark wave height and be the defectoscope video screen, makes the reflection wave height of flat-bottom hole in the reference block all reach the benchmark wave height at least.Adjusting after the instrumental sensitivity clutter, all to be lower than video screen full-scale 10%, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and detection sensitivity satisfy the requirement of A level Φ 1.2mm-6dB equivalent flat-bottom hole.
In compressional wave test block contact method testing process, two arc corner parts can not be examined, and it is defined as surperficial blind area, and through measuring, the surperficial blind area size D of two arc corner parts is 30mm.
Surperficial blind area (two arc corner parts) defective when with compressional wave test block water seaoning compressional wave test block contact method being detected is done to replenish and is detected, the reflectoscope that adopts is the USD15S type, probe is Z5M type (frequency is 5MHz), keeps compressional wave sound wave incident direction perpendicular with the direction of the direction forging flow lines that detects the position cross section profile during detection.Utilization contained the material reference block adjustment instrumental sensitivity identical with tested forging with surface state that two diameters are the flat-bottom hole of 1.2mm when compressional wave test block water seaoning detected.The arc corner part is close on the shape of reference block, size and the tested forging, adopts the test block that contains an arc turning, and wherein the radius-of-curvature at arc turning is 25mm.The big or small D=30 of the surperficial blind area of arc corner part and the big or small d=5mm of forging process redundancy when the buried depth of two flat-bottom holes equals the detection of compressional wave test block contact method respectively in the reference block.It is full-scale 80% to get the benchmark wave height and be the defectoscope video screen, makes the reflection wave height of two flat-bottom holes in the reference block all reach the benchmark wave height at least, by surperficial compensation method requirement sensitivity of tester is carried out the compensation of 12dB again.It is full-scale 10% that compensation back clutter in surface is lower than video screen, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and detection sensitivity satisfy the requirement of A level Φ 1.2mm-6dB equivalent flat-bottom hole, respectively the surperficial blind area of arc corner part are replenished scanning by the sensitivity after the compensation of surface.
Claims (2)
1. a supersonic detection method that is used for large-sized complex forging is characterized in that,
1) detect forging with ripple contact method at the bottom of the compressional wave or compressional wave test block contact method, compressional wave sound wave incident direction should be vertical as far as possible with forging flow lines, determines surperficial blind area (1) simultaneously;
2) with compressional wave test block water seaoning to compressional wave at the bottom of ripple contact method or compressional wave test block contact method surperficial blind area (1) defective when detecting do to replenish and detect, the material that utilization contains two flat-bottom holes is identical with tested forging with surface state, the close reference block A in detection position corresponding on shape and the tested forging adjusts instrumental sensitivity, make the reflection wave height of two flat-bottom holes among the reference block A all reach the benchmark wave height at least, the big or small D of the surperficial blind area (1) the when buried depth of two flat-bottom holes should equal ripple contact method at the bottom of the compressional wave or compressional wave test block contact method respectively and detects among the reference block A and the big or small d of forging process redundancy (2), use the sensitivity after the surface compensates to carry out scanning, compressional wave sound wave incident direction should be vertical as far as possible with forging flow lines during scanning.
2. a kind of supersonic detection method that is used for large-sized complex forging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the surface state that the utilization of described compressional wave test block contact method contains a flat-bottom hole is identical with tested forging, the close reference block B in detection position corresponding on shape and the tested forging adjusts instrumental sensitivity, make the reflection wave height of flat-bottom hole among the reference block B reach the benchmark wave height at least, and then detect, the buried depth of flat-bottom hole should be more than or equal to the corresponding maximum ga(u)ge L that detects the position on the forging among the reference block B.
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| CN104755921A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2015-07-01 | 欧洲航空防务及航天公司 | Ultrasound probe for contact measurement of an object and its manufacturing process |
| CN104755921B (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2018-07-27 | 欧洲航空防务及航天公司 | The ultrasonic probe and its manufacturing method of contact type measurement for object |
| CN103592366A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-02-19 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Method for detecting ultrasonic flaw detection |
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