CN101783961A - Underwater video image transmission control method based on perception quality - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an underwater video image transmission control method based on perception quality and relates to a video image transmission control method. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying out coding modulation on a multimedia transmission end material of a transmission end to obtain data information and transmitting the obtained data information into a communication link; carrying out perception quality parameter extraction on the multimedia transmission end material of the transmission end to obtain reference characteristics, and delivering the reference characteristics and the data information into the communication link; carrying out demodulation decoding on the data information received by the communication link at the receiving end to obtain a receiving end material; delivering the receiving end material into a perception quality parameter extracting module of the receiving end and refining the receiving end characteristics on the receiving end material; receiving the reference characteristics by the receiving end, delivering the reference characteristics together with the refined receiving end characteristics to a perception quality evaluation, prediction and transmission control module, associating coding modulation and demodulation decoding together by an information source end adjusting feedback passage and an information sink end adjusting feedback passage and realizing the transmission control and adjustment of the receiving end and the transmission end.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of video image transmission control method, especially relate to a kind of transfer control method that is fit to the video image business of (as radio communication, underwater sound communication) under the high bit-error condition.
Background technology
Realize audio-visual high efficiency of transmission under water, must solve the problem of three aspects:
1) high performance information source compression and coding techniques;
2) communication architecture of high bandwidth utilization;
3) transmit controlling mechanism steadily and surely, efficiently.
In the research of underwater sound image communication technology, the problem of preceding two aspects often obtains enough attention, but whether the quality of the 3rd aspect problem (mechanism) will directly influence the technology efficiency of the 1st and the 2nd aspect.One cover transmits controlling mechanism steadily and surely, efficiently and can promote the resource utilization of total system, and influence the final promotion and application of system to a certain extent under the constant situation of other objective condition.
At present, mainly be by the error rate (BER in the data communication, Bit Error Rate), Packet Error Ratio (PER, Packet ErrorRate) and signal to noise ratio (SNR, Signal to Noise Ratio) etc. index is judged information source and quality of channel, and the transmission control strategy of decision systems (as whether retransmitting etc.) in view of the above.In data service based on text, the error code of a bit promptly means data error: (ASCII character is 65 as if character A, hexadecimal is 41H) through behind the channel, suppose the 3rd the bit mistake of its LSB, the information that then receives is E (ASCII character 69, hexadecimal is 45H), mean that promptly mistake appears in message transmission.And in multimedia services such as voice, image, video, tens, so a hundreds of bit error code (occurring in non-significant bits position), perhaps can not cause tangible deterioration to final quality; And the bit error code of a key message (as the decoding parametric of key) may bringing on a disaster property deterioration.Above-mentioned analysis has disclosed such fact, that is: the different business forms have different multimedia services such as quality evaluation foundation, especially image, only with indexs such as the error rates as its transmission control foundation, be not enough science.The multimedia services such as just being image of tracing sth. to its source has the media data intension that surmounts the binary code form, is " derive from data, but be higher than data ".Therefore, its transmission mechanism can not be continued to use the evaluation index such as lower levels such as the error rates again, and the decision scheme that should adapt from higher aspect design.In the quality evaluation that relates to multimedia service, the notion of perceived quality (Perceived Quality) obtain gradually paying close attention to ([1] VQEG.RRNR-TV GroupTest Plan Version 1.7[EB/OL] .2006.ftp: //vqeg.its.bldrdoc.gov/Documents/VQEG_StockholmSept05/; [2] M.H.Pinson and S.Wolf.A new standardized method for objectively measuring videoquality[J] .IEEE trans.on broadcasting.Vol.50 (3), 312-322, Sept, 2004; [3] Yuan Fei, towards the video quality automatic evaluation system and the evaluating method [P] thereof of wireless network, application number: 200810071287.1, publication number: 101312544; [4] Stephen Wolf, Margaret Pinson.Video Quality Measurement Techniques.NTIA Report 02-392.[EB/OL] 2002.www.its.bldrdoc.gov/vqm/; [5] ITU-T, Objective perceptual multimedia videoquality measurement in the presence of a full reference, J.247,2008.08).Therefore the quality of service that perceived quality ordinary representation user experience arrives also claims Quality of experience (QoE, Quality of Experienced).
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at existing method only according to the thinking set of inflexible targets such as the error rate as system evaluation and adjustment foundation, provide a kind of certain type, error code phenomenon to a certain degree of in the tolerable scope of vision, optionally allowing to exist, particularly in error rate height, time delay underwater sound image transmission big, scarcity of resources are used, its mechanism helps realizing the optimum balance between reliability and the resource utilization, promotes the underwater video image transmission control method based on perceived quality of the potentiality of the existing coding and the communication technology to greatest extent.
The present invention includes following steps:
1) the multimedia material of making a start of transmitting terminal is carried out coded modulation, get data message, the data message that obtains is sent into communication link;
2) the multimedia material of making a start of transmitting terminal is carried out the perceived quality parameter extraction, get fixed reference feature,, send into communication link with the resulting data message of step 1);
3) at receiving terminal, the data message that is received by communication link is carried out demodulating and decoding, get the receiving end material, on the one hand, the receiving end material is delivered in the perceived quality parameter extraction module of receiving terminal, extract receiving end feature at the receiving end material; On the other hand, receiving terminal receives by step 2) fixed reference feature that sends,, send " perceived quality evaluation, prediction and transmission control " module together with the receiving end feature of refining;
4) " perceived quality evaluation, prediction and transmission control " module is adjusted by the information source end and two feedback paths of stay of two nights end adjustment, " coded modulation " of transmitting terminal and " demodulating and decoding " of receiving terminal are linked together, realize the transmission control and the adjustment of sending and receiving end.
In step 1), the multimedia material of making a start of described transmitting terminal is a video image information etc.; Described coded modulation can adopt video image compression coding, channel error correction coding or modulation system selection etc.; The purpose of step 1) is: utilize existing video image compressing method (as MPEG-4, H.264 waiting the compression standard), the redundant information of the material of making a start is removed as far as possible, thereby reduce the required bandwidth of transmission of video images.
In step 2) in, the multimedia material of making a start of described transmitting terminal is a video image information etc.; Step 2) purpose is: utilize existing video image quality parameter extracting method (as evaluating method ([4] Stephen Wolf of NTIA proposition, MargaretPinson.Video Quality Measurement Techniques.NTIA Report 02-392.[EB/OL] 2002.www.its.bldrdoc.gov/vqm/), evaluating method ([3] Yuan Fei that the applicant proposes, video quality automatic evaluation system and evaluating method [P] thereof towards wireless network, application number: 200810071287.1, publication number: 101312544) etc.), from the material of making a start, extract the fixed reference feature that to represent material quality quality as far as possible, and it is sent with the data message that step 1) obtains, make receiving terminal fixed reference feature in view of the above, judge the quality quality of video image.
In step 3), described demodulating and decoding can adopt demodulation mode selection, channel-decoding or video image decoding etc.
In step 4), the foundation of described adjustment is the perceived quality of video image, and promptly this quality is anthropomorphic dummy's a subjective feeling and obtain quality impression to video image, but not the index of other traditional non-apperceive characteristics, as the error rate, packet loss etc.
The present invention is from terminal use's angle evaluate image quality, and controlling mechanism steadily and surely, is effectively transmitted in design in view of the above, in using, the transmission of the multimedia (video, image, voice etc.) under high bit-error channel (radio communication, the underwater sound communication) condition seems particularly important.As everybody knows, in the water velocity of sound (about 1500m/s) than the speed (3 * 10 of light wave in the air or electric wave
8M/s) low 5 orders of magnitude.The restriction of traffic rate and transmission bandwidth makes manyly can't be applied in the underwater sound communication field preferably in the mature transmission controlling mechanism of wireless communication field.Even satisfy the error rate condition (10 of underwater picture
-3～10
-4The order of magnitude), the transmission piece image also needs tens seconds time, and expends appreciable communication energy.In addition, underwater acoustic channel has characteristics such as polytropy, frequency-selecting, strong noise, and with regard to the present state of the art, error code is almost inevitable.Whether therefore, should be discovered according to error code, perhaps the error code permissible range that whether exceeds vision is judged the performance impact of error code to images.As long as error code can't be discovered by the user, perhaps in the scope that user's visually-perceptible is allowed, the quality of image transmission can equivalence be " outstanding "; Otherwise, as long as error code has influenced the understanding of user to image, perhaps exceeded the tolerance of user's vision, even the statistics error rate is low again, its image transmission quality also is " poor ".In addition, being unpredictable current error code according to prior art (as indexs such as the error rates) only can cause the damage of what degree to image quality, and whether so actually damage can influence user's subjective feeling.Can be based on the underwater picture of perceived quality transmission controlling mechanism by optionally relaxing to certain type or to a certain degree error code restriction, maximally utilise extremely limited or even precious underwater acoustic network resource and system capacity, the optimization between implementation efficiency and the reliability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the transmission controlling mechanism schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the transmitting terminal process flow block diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the receiving terminal process flow block diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The principle of the underwater picture transfer control method based on perceived quality of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.After make a start material process coded modulation, communication link, the decode modulated based on video image information, obtain the receiving end material.This transfer control method is on the basis of above-mentioned " information source-stay of two nights " communication pattern, controls to realize mass transport by " the perceived quality parameter extraction " and " perceived quality evaluation, prediction and transmission control " introduced among Fig. 1.
The transmitting terminal flow process:
Based on above-mentioned principle, the handling process of transmitting terminal as shown in Figure 2.Transmitting terminal is realized two major functions: the Detection and Extraction of material (mainly being video or image) " fixed reference feature " of 1) making a start; 2) make a start information classification, processing and the transmission of material (mainly being video or image).
1) in Fig. 2, video image " fixed reference feature " Detection and Extraction are main corresponding to Fig. 1 described " perceived quality parameter extraction " module.Its method for designing is mainly based on reference compression (RR) pattern in video and the picture quality objective evaluating technology.As: " VQM " model of " NTIA " (referring to above-mentioned document [4]), and Chinese patent literature " towards the video quality automatic evaluation system and the evaluating method thereof of wireless network " (referring to above-mentioned document [3]).
2) in Fig. 2, the main corresponding coded portion in Fig. 1 described " coded modulation " module of the coding of video, image and compression.Its method for designing is mainly based on video, the method for encoding images of routine.As adopting JPEG to the images category material, compression standards such as JPEG2000 (also can use the compression method of autonomous Design); Can adopt MPEG-4 to the video class material, H.264 wait compression standard (also can use the compression method of autonomous Design).
3) in Fig. 2, code stream subpackage judgement is corresponding to Fig. 1 described " coded modulation " module.Main operating process is: with 1) characteristic parameter and 2) compressed bit stream carry out the subpackage judgement.If current information is " characteristic parameter ", then start " fixed reference feature package processing module ", adopt higher anti-interference coding and modulator approach, improve the anti-error code capacity of packet; Otherwise, if current information is " compressed bit stream ", then start " processing of video image compression flow data package " module, adopt code modulating method relatively efficiently, improve the communication efficiency of packet.
4) after finishing above-mentioned work, start sending module, when sending " data message " (the data message here is meant the compressed bit stream that derives from video, image), with above-mentioned " fixed reference feature " communication mode (containing coding and modulation system), transmit through " communication link " from auxiliary channel with higher reliability.Need to prove that coding, modulator approach are open, as adopting standard or improved video, image coding technique or modulator approach.Diverse ways can have different characteristics, but does not influence the application and the description of this method on the whole.
The receiving terminal flow process:
The handling process of receiving terminal as shown in Figure 3.Realize three major functions:
(1) extraction of receiving end material (mainly being video or image) " fixed reference feature ";
(2) calculating of receiving end material (mainly being video or image) " receiving end feature ";
(3) otherness between the utilization " fixed reference feature " and " receiving end feature " realizes evaluation, prediction and controlled function to video, image perceived quality.
1) signal reception, demodulation, unpack processing: this flow process realizes that based on receiving system signal receives, the demodulation job contract is done.Need to prove that the reception here, demodulation, the work of unpacking are to handle corresponding work with transmitting terminal, can be predetermined voluntarily according to concrete application characteristic.
2) the compression domain real time data is analyzed and handled: image, video compression coding have certain treaty rule.If detected code stream is run counter to treaty rule, the information checking mistake perhaps appears, then can estimate the influence degree of error code according to the rule information of compressed bit stream to the back picture of decoding.May there be the error code that has a strong impact on the compressed media decoding effect when judging, and when these error codes can't or have been covered wrong technology by error correction and recovered, then in time interrupt subsequent transmission, directly start, take to avoid blindly receiving the communication channel resources that causes such as controlling mechanisms such as re-transmissions.The detection of said sensed quality is carried out on the code stream compression domain, is the 1st grade of processing section of underwater video image transmission control method described in the invention.
3) at completing steps 2) after, as there not being the serious error code of compression domain, then further code stream is handled: on the one hand, (extraction of fixed reference feature needs in conjunction with sending standard to extract " fixed reference feature " that comes with data passes from reception information, as send time agreement fixed reference feature and leave data packet head in, then as long as agreement is extracted according to a preconcerted arrangement; If adopt embedded forms such as watermark when sending, then use corresponding extracting method to obtain); On the other hand, adopt and the corresponding to method of transmitting terminal, extract " the receiving end feature " of video image.
4) evaluation of perceived quality, prediction processing: by otherness contrast to two category features (" fixed reference feature " and " receiving end feature "), the quality of assessment receiving terminal video image, and whether the video image that forecasting institute receives meets the expectation of user to the current application occasion.When judge that existing error code is in that the user can't discover or tolerance in, then consent tacitly to such error code and exist, take thereby avoid blindly retransmitting the communication channel resources that causes.The detection of said sensed quality is carried out on code stream decompression territory, is the 2nd grade of processing section of underwater video image transmission control method described in the invention.
5) emergency processing or self adaptation adjustment: the transfer control method of adjudicating underwater video image from the angle of user-perceptive quality.In conjunction with existing transmission control and adjustment strategy, adjust coding, modulation scheme that communication system " information source " reaches " stay of two nights " two ends, thereby excavate the potential of prior art (as coding, modulation etc.) to greatest extent, realize the optimization selection between reliability and efficient." adjustment of information source end " reaches " adjustment of stay of two nights end " and can adopt feedback system to realize coding, decoding, the self adaptation adjustment of means of communication such as modulation.In the scope that perceived quality (and being not only the error rate) is allowed, adopt the modulation of high resource utilization (availability of frequency spectrum) and coded system to realize high efficiency of transmission as far as possible.
Following examples will the present invention is further illustrated.
Suppose to send a certain sub-picture (256 * 256,256 grades of gray level images, " MAN.bmp ").
1) transmitting terminal carries out compressed encoding to picture.
If wavelet field is decomposed.6 layers of wavelet decomposition, wavelet basis choosing " bior4.4 " scans 9 times.The code stream of getting its first three time scanning specifies execution mode.The scanning stream that obtains is as follows:
Scan for the first time gained code stream: 111+1+1+011+1+01+11+01+011+1+1+1+0
Scan for the second time gained code stream: 1+1+1+1+0101111100100
Scan gained code stream: 11101-000000000100000100111100 for the third time
Sign in the above-mentioned code stream is called " significant coefficient sign bit ", and the previous bit of significant coefficient sign bit is called " significant coefficient bit ", other be the reflection bit of sequencing information and the correction bit of significant coefficient.Note view data after compression is Img_SRC.
2) transmitting terminal carries out the perceived quality feature extraction to " MAN.bmp " image, and establish " fixed reference feature " that obtain and be SRC (i), (i=1,2 ..., n), n represents the quantity of fixed reference feature.And SRC (i) modulated in the lump with above-mentioned view data Img_SRC and transmit.Of particular note, in this step, can suitably adopt the stronger communications protection strategy of relative Img_SRC (as diversity mode and error correcting code) to SRC (i).
3) receiving terminal carries out mistake scanning according to compression protocol earlier on compression domain, carry out the 1st grade of processing.As this routine sign is " significant coefficient sign bit ", and its previous bit (" significant coefficient bit ") if there is mistake in the bag at place in verification, then can have a strong impact on last decoding effect usually.Under these circumstances, according to the design of this transmission controlling mechanism, the request repeat important information is perhaps ended follow-up transmission at once, to remedy or to avoid the blindness of resource is taken.If be the mistake of non-significant coefficient bit, then can enter in the follow-up determine mechanism by this 1st grade of processing.
4) receiving terminal after finishing demodulates information to compressed bit stream, decoding, on the one hand, extracts " fixed reference feature " (SRC (i)) from auxiliary channel (high relatively error correction protection); On the one hand,, from the decoding video images of receiving terminal, refine " receiving end feature ", be designated as HRC (i) with identical processing mode based on " perceived quality parameter extraction " module of correspondence.By " perceived quality evaluation, prediction " model, video image is carried out the 2nd grade handle (uncompressed domain), analog subscriber is to the impression characteristics of picture, and whether judgement needs to retransmit etc.
5) on the basis of above-mentioned processing, further combined with the information source and the channel characteristic of communication system, the adjustment mode that design is fit to.Thereby utilize this transfer control method to provide support for communication system is optimized and revised, intelligent decision etc.
For the advantage of application of the present invention and relative traditional approach thereof is described better, further illustrate the application of this transmission method.Now suppose two kinds of situations:
● [situation 1]: compressed bit stream is after transmitting through underwater acoustic channel, "+" of the 8th position is "-" by error code in the code stream of scanning for the second time, corresponding decoded image can find only to exist the part blurring effect, and image content is still and can discerns (can discern personage and relevant stage property among the figure preferably), and the subjective feeling quality is good.
● [situation 2]: compressed bit stream is after transmitting through underwater acoustic channel, " 1 " of the 7th position is " 0 " by error code in the code stream of scanning for the second time, corresponding decoded image then is badly deformed, the information that at all can't discern in publishing picture (forms the irregular figure of black and white gray scale, can't discern specifying information), the non-constant of subjective feeling quality.
If judge with error rate index, situation 1 has identical quality (being 1 bit error code) with situation 2.Obviously, the effect of situation 2 is compared situation 1, and its image quality has exceeded tolerance fully.And by traditional transfer control method, do not judge the occurrence positions of packet loss, error code, can't understand the perceived quality after whether packet loss or error code can influence video image decoding, therefore can't be to effectively predicting such as situation 2, thereby still blindly receive as the situation 2 described video images that are worth that do not received, the waste underwater acoustic channel is Limited resources extremely.
In addition, mainly differentiate whether meet user's request in the quality evaluation of conventional method after image receives according to the size of Y-PSNR (PSNR).We know that though the PSNR value can responsively embody the situation that error code takes place, but the similitude of its testing result and people's subjective feeling and consistency lower (similarity is in 0.7 usually).But may there be greatest differences in two images of same PSNR value for people's subjective feeling quality.If with traditional PS NR mode, and can't adjudicate further which sub-picture is easier is tolerated by the user, can only receive operation blindly.And based on the evaluation and test model of human-eye visual characteristic design, can make subjective similarity can reach usually more than 0.8 (as the NTIA model, and Chinese patent literature " towards the video quality automatic evaluation system and the evaluating method thereof of wireless network "), can be than conventional methods such as PSNR accurate description user's impression characteristics more, and determine the transmission and the controlling mechanism of underwater sound image in view of the above.
Claims (6)
1. based on the underwater video image transmission control method of perceived quality, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) the multimedia material of making a start of transmitting terminal is carried out coded modulation, get data message, the data message that obtains is sent into communication link;
2) the multimedia material of making a start of transmitting terminal is carried out the perceived quality parameter extraction, get fixed reference feature,, send into communication link with the resulting data message of step 1);
3) at receiving terminal, the data message that is received by communication link is carried out demodulating and decoding, get the receiving end material, on the one hand, the receiving end material is delivered in the perceived quality parameter extraction module of receiving terminal, extract receiving end feature at the receiving end material; On the other hand, receiving terminal receives by step 2) fixed reference feature that sends, together with the receiving end feature of refining, send perceived quality evaluation, prediction and transmission control module;
4) perceived quality evaluation, prediction and transmission control module adjust by the information source end and stay of two nights end is adjusted two feedback paths, and the coded modulation of transmitting terminal and the demodulating and decoding of receiving terminal are linked together, and realize the transmission control and the adjustment of sending and receiving end.
2. the underwater video image transmission control method based on perceived quality as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 1), and the multimedia material of making a start of described transmitting terminal is a video image information.
3. the underwater video image transmission control method based on perceived quality as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 1), and described coded modulation is that video image compression coding, channel error correction coding or modulation system are selected.
4. the underwater video image transmission control method based on perceived quality as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 2) in, the multimedia material of making a start of described transmitting terminal is a video image information.
5. the underwater video image transmission control method based on perceived quality as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 3) described demodulating and decoding is demodulation mode selection, channel-decoding or video image decoding.
6. the underwater video image transmission control method based on perceived quality as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 4) the foundation of described adjustment is the perceived quality of video image.
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Application publication date: 20100721 |