CN101782981A - Working face-oriented container terminal ship-loading and load-distribution non-linear programming method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a working face-oriented container terminal ship-loading and load-distribution non-linear programming method, which relates to the technical field of wharf management, storage yard management, trucks dispatching and load-distribution optimization. Based on a berthing schedule and aiming at a container export service, in the method, a non-linear programming mode with a ship minimum berthing time and a global optimization load-distribution plan is established and an optimized operating line task working sequence is solved by taking a container export task as a unit and adopting all the parallel operating lines and according to an working face-oriented operating mode which makes full use of overhead cranes, trucks and yard cranes. The method relates to complex modes and arithmetic and can provide reference for the wharf load-distribution plan, so that the overhead cranes, the trucks and the yard cranes are utilized fully and the wharf working efficiency is improved.

Description

Container terminal ship-loading and load-distribution non-linear programming method towards the scope of operation

Technical field

The present invention relates to the container terminal ship-loading and load-distribution field.Be particularly related to harbour management, yard management, truck scheduling and prestowage technical field.

Background technology

The container wharf is meeting dwindling and ship berthing plan accurately to ETA estimated time of arrival and the operational data cycle of formulating according to boats and ships gradually generally, plan and other operational datas according to unloading a ship of outlet boats and ships then, formulate the ship-loading and load-distribution plan, determine the container task sequence of shipment, and arrange the assignment of truck and bridge crane.For import was unloaded a ship, the outlet shipment was more complicated.The loading and unloading allocate plan is the important step that influences the harbour utilization of resources and operating efficiency.The ship-loading and load-distribution plan, relate to different boats and ships, production line, bridge crane, truck, field and the coordination of multiple resource such as hang, how to guarantee the bridge crane utilization factor, improve dock operation efficient by the cooperation between them, have direct economic benefit, become the focus of research.

At present, the comprehensive resource distribution at the ship-loading and load-distribution planning optimization does not have particular study and disclosed patent achievement.The harbour staff planners are the distribution of rule of thumb determining resource when actual prestowage, arrange the job sequence of task, realize prestowage by Software tool, have very big randomness, are difficult to reach the target of optimization.Though disclosed achievement in research relates to the prestowage problem to a certain degree, whole comprehensive Optimization Model is also rarely found.For example, 1) document { [1] Zhang Weiying, Lin Yan, Ji Zhuoshang, Deng Linyi, the Hopfield neural network model of container ship prestowage evaluate alternatives. Maritime Affairs University Of Dalian's journal, 2005.31 (3): 13-18.} has proposed the neural network model of prestowage planning evaluate alternatives; 2) document [2] Wang Hongpeng joins the stow expert system automatically based on the container ship of knowledge. Shanghai Maritime University's journal, 2002.23 (1): 46-49.} has studied the expert system of prestowage, this is a commercial harbour management software mode commonly used.These documents all are from specific angle, and with the independent simplification prestowage of part factor problem, this also is the typical thinking of loading optimization.

More than disclosed achievement, do not consider the prestowage problem of parallel, many resource types (bridge crane, truck and field hang etc.) work compound of many production lines from the overall situation, far in addition apart from practical application, be difficult to promote in actual applications.Method disclosed by the invention, towards the scope of operation, comprehensively whole consideration various resources, be the prestowage model of a global optimization.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of container wharf loading and load-distribution non-linear plan optimization method, realize coordination configuration, realize the ordering of loading and unloading task and the distribution of operation resource bridge crane, truck and transfer gantry towards the scope of operation.

One, assumed condition

In view of the costliness of bridge crane resource, the present invention with the bridge crane in when shipment to make full use of to mainly supposing and being minimized in ETB expected time of berthing be optimization aim, and method of the present invention can adapt to import by simple conversion and unloads a ship, or improves the above situation that both mix.

According to the berthing schedule of container ship, can determine alongside time of boats and ships and expectation from cabin Bay bit sequence that ETB expected time of berthing, production line and production line distributed.Can determine the position (stockyard, place, Bay position, row and layer) in the stockyard again of each container according to shipping order.The target of allocate plan is to realize the loading and unloading task in the production line is sorted, and arranges the operation truck and the transfer gantry of each task.

The ordering of loading and unloading task need be satisfied three conditions as far as possible: 1) mould turnover rate in stockyard is as far as possible little; The operation of falling the case was few as far as possible when 2) bridge crane was loaded onto ship; 3) container in the same production line satisfies the sequence requirement of unloading ship time.Suppose: when carrying out prestowage, all outlet ports container all pile in the stockyard.

Allocate plan is arranged the configuration of resources such as bridge crane, truck, transfer gantry.Generally, because the bridge crane costliness supposes that at first bridge crane is fully utilized; Next supposes that transfer gantry is fully utilized; Truck is then thought sufficient.For every boats and ships, according to the quantity that is the production line of its distribution, can be divided into continuous section, each big section corresponding a lines, a bridge crane in other words to the Bay of whole ship.Production line workload and time are supposed the balance of having tried one's best according to the operating efficiency of bridge crane in berthing schedule.Obviously, these production lines walk abreast.Production line is the job sequence of Bay position, and general is work unit for fear of the time that moving around of bridge crane causes with the Bay position, i.e. Bay position operation finishes and just moves to next Bay position.In same Bay position, suppose that allocate plan portion requires case; And,, also fall case in the storage yard operation process.

The present invention sets up model according to the position constraint of berthing schedule and Containers For Export shipment.Berthing schedule is decomposed into production line to the loading and unloading task of boats and ships, determines the start time of production line, based on contract determines concluding time the latest of loading and unloading task according to berthing schedule.

The modeling thinking can be summarized as follows.To each Containers For Export, corresponding task has starting point and target; A task need experience three time periods: transfer gantry job step, truck job step, bridge crane job step; Two of bridge crane tasks wherein: need satisfy three conditions of above-described loading and unloading ordering, comprise time conditions simultaneously, one begins after another finishes; Two of truck tasks wherein: a task termination begins to another task, needs to satisfy to exercise time interval constraint; Two of transfer gantry tasks wherein: a task termination begins to another task, need satisfy the running time spacing constraint.Thereby in each stage of dock container operation, the position that Containers For Export is loaded onto ship retrains, and has stipulated unallowed shipment sequence, to satisfy the requirement of lacking mould turnover as far as possible.To the activity duration of the task on any Bay in stockyard, depend on job sequence, if case were arranged down the time of falling the case of adding as the activity duration of transfer gantry on this task, hang the mould turnover time of operation on the spot and adopt the mode share, all assign in the job task; The activity duration of truck is the time on the road; The Mission Operations time of bridge crane is to determine numerical value.

Two, model

Define boats and ships, time, stockyard, production line, task, bridge crane traveling time and single casing working time or the like below.

Definition

TASK={1,2 ..., NTK}: whole job tasks (1)

QC={1,2 ..., NQC}: the bridge crane set is actually the production line set, the branch of bridge crane (2)

Joining hypothesis has assigned definite by the berth

YC={1,2 ..., NYC}: transfer gantry set (3)

TRUCK={1,2 ..., NTK}: truck set (4)

AQC _{Ta, qc}{ 0,1}: task ta distributes to bridge crane qc (5) to ∈

TTSTART _t: the activity duration the earliest of job task t ∈ TASK, i.e. alongside (6)

Time

TTEND _tThe activity duration the latest of job task t ∈ TASK is promptly from pool (7)

Time

TQCSQ _{A, b}{ 0,1}:TQCSQa, b=1 represent that task a must be in task b front (8) to ∈

Generate according to rule.

QCMT _t: move (9) in adjacent Bay displacement during bridge crane job task t ∈ TASK

Time

QCTT _t: the activity duration (10) of bridge crane job task t ∈ TASK

TRUCKTT _t: the haulage time (11) of truck job task t ∈ TASK

Calculate according to stockyard and task place production line

YCTT _t: the activity duration (12) of transfer gantry job task t ∈ TASK

YCMT _{A, b}: transfer gantry job task a, the traveling time between the b depends on (13)

The Bay distance of positions between two job tasks from (if

Be positioned at different stockyards) traveling time between the different stockyards

Decision variable

ATruck _{Ta, tr}{ 0,1}: task ta distributes to truck tr (14) to ∈

AYc _{Ta, yc}{ 0,1}: task ta distributes to transfer gantry yc (15) to ∈

TQcStart _Ta: bridge crane is in the start-up time (16) of task ta

TTrStart _Ta: truck is in the start-up time (17) of task ta

TYcStart _Ta: transfer gantry is in the start-up time (18) of task ta

Target

Minimize： ${\mathrm{\Σ}}_{\mathrm{qc}\∈\mathrm{Qc}}\left(\underset{\mathrm{ta}\∈\mathrm{TASK}}{\max }(\mathrm{TQcStar}{t}_{\mathrm{ta}}\·\mathrm{AQ}{C}_{\mathrm{ta},\mathrm{qc}})\right)---\left(19\right)$

Minimize always at ETB expected time of berthing:

Constraint

Task Distribution is given truck: $\∀\mathrm{ta}\∈\mathrm{TASK},\underset{\mathrm{tr}\∈\mathrm{TRUCK}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\mathrm{ATr}{\mathrm{uck}}_{\mathrm{ta},\mathrm{tr}}=1---\left(20\right)$

Task Distribution is hung to the field: $\∀\mathrm{ta}\∈\mathrm{TASK},\underset{\mathrm{yc}\∈\mathrm{YC}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{AYC}}_{\mathrm{ta},\mathrm{yc}}=1---\left(21\right)$

$\∀\mathrm{ta}\∈\mathrm{TASK},$

Three time relation of single task role: (22)

${\mathrm{TTSTART}}_{\mathrm{ta}}$

$\≤{\mathrm{TYcStart}}_{\mathrm{ta}}+{\mathrm{YCTT}}_{\mathrm{ta}}$

$\≤{\mathrm{TTrStart}}_{\mathrm{ta}}+{\mathrm{TRUCKTT}}_{\mathrm{ta}}$

$\≤{\mathrm{TQcStart}}_{\mathrm{ta}}+{\mathrm{QCTT}}_{\mathrm{ta}}$

$\≤{\mathrm{TTEND}}_{\mathrm{ta}}$

$\∀\mathrm{qc}\∈\mathrm{QC},\∀\mathrm{ta}\∈\mathrm{TASK},\∀\mathrm{tb}\∈\mathrm{TASK}\backslash \left\{\mathrm{ta}\right\}:$

Do not overlap task time with machine: (23)

${\mathrm{AQC}}_{\mathrm{ta},\mathrm{yc}}={\mathrm{AQC}}_{\mathrm{tb},\mathrm{yc}}=1\⇒$

$({\mathrm{TQcStart}}_{\mathrm{tb}}\≥{\mathrm{TQcStart}}_{\mathrm{ta}}+{\mathrm{QCTT}}_{\mathrm{ta}})$

$\∀\mathrm{tr}\∈\mathrm{TRUCK},\∀\mathrm{ta}\∈\mathrm{TASK},\∀\mathrm{tb}\∈\mathrm{TASK}\backslash \left\{\mathrm{ta}\right\}:$ (24)

${\mathrm{ATruck}}_{\mathrm{ta},\mathrm{yc}}={\mathrm{ATruch}}_{\mathrm{tb},\mathrm{yc}}=1\⇒$

$({\mathrm{TTrStart}}_{\mathrm{tb}}\≥{\mathrm{TTrStart}}_{\mathrm{ta}}+{\mathrm{TRUCKTT}}_{\mathrm{ta}})$

$\∀\mathrm{yc}\∈\mathrm{YC},\∀\mathrm{ta}\∈\mathrm{TASK},\∀\mathrm{tb}\∈\mathrm{TASK}\backslash \left\{\mathrm{ta}\right\}:---\left(25\right)$

${\mathrm{AYC}}_{\mathrm{ta},\mathrm{yc}}={\mathrm{AYC}}_{\mathrm{tb},\mathrm{yc}}=1\⇒$

$({\mathrm{TYcStart}}_{\mathrm{tb}}\≥{\mathrm{TYcStart}}_{\mathrm{ta}}+{\mathrm{YCTT}}_{\mathrm{ta}}+{\mathrm{YCMT}}_{\mathrm{ta},\mathrm{tb}})$

$\∀\mathrm{ta},\mathrm{tb}\∈\mathrm{TASK},$

Bay position mould turnover not on the ship: (26)

$({\mathrm{TQCSQ}}_{\mathrm{ta},\mathrm{tb}}=1)\⇒({\mathrm{TYcStart}}_{\mathrm{ta}}+{\mathrm{YCTT}}_{\mathrm{ta}}\≤{\mathrm{TYcStart}}_{\mathrm{tb}})$

The charge and discharge operations of a container is as a complete task, and it cooperates by bridge crane, truck and a bridge finishes.From extremely definition (13) of definition (1), berthing schedule is decomposed into production line to the loading and unloading task of boats and ships, further by production line being decomposed into the container handling task on the Bay position, according to the start time of production line and concluding time the latest, can determine the earliest start time and the concluding time of each task, formula (6), (7), (9), (11) and (12) defined the various times that the container handling task relates to; And the position constraint that through type (8) and constraint (26) have defined Bay position container task sequence satisfies the requirement of as far as possible lacking mould turnover, promptly satisfies the position constraint of container shipment.

Formula (5) illustrates the assignment of bridge crane to task, but other definition all illustrates bridge crane to continuous Bay bit sequence operation, and promptly bridge crane is pressed the production line distribution.Truck then is described and hangs from formula (14), formula (15), the constraint (20) and (21) of definition decision variable to be not limited in specific production line, at the All Jobs task assignment.

Hang all tasks of operation for bridge crane, truck and field, the ordering of all relating to of task, from the formula (16) to (18) of definition decision variable as can be seen, model is unique ordering of assignment of mission not.Constraint formula (22) illustrates then that to formula (25) task is hung the operation ordering on the equipment in bridge crane, truck and field, satisfy the constraint of a task of an equipment operation simultaneously; The activity duration of each task on three kinds of equipment, satisfy earlier hang, the order of truck, last bridge crane again.

In sum, container terminal ship-loading and load-distribution non-linear programming method towards the scope of operation disclosed by the invention, position constraint according to berthing schedule and Containers For Export shipment is set up the model of the parallel task operation of supporting the many production lines of many boats and ships, this model is considered the sequencing problem of container shipment task, is a kind of loading optimization model towards the scope of operation.

Method disclosed by the invention has been considered the new assignment pattern of container wharf, the prestowage model of being set up provides optimization method for the prestowage of container wharf, can be on the basis of existing container wharf management system, promote the optimization and the decision-making capability of software, realize the allocate plan of global optimization, improve the utilization factor of harbour resource to greatest extent.

Description of drawings

Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 implementation process synoptic diagram of the present invention.

Embodiment

Further be illustrated below in conjunction with 1 pair of method disclosed by the invention of accompanying drawing.

The input of model disclosed by the invention is the operational data that provides of berthing schedule, shipping company and the resource distribution of harbour, and target is that the task resource that is met constraint distributes and optimum job task sequence.

According to berthing schedule, decompose the boats and ships operating area and obtain production line, the production line concurrent job, a general production line is corresponding to the operation of a bridge crane.A production line is some Bay position continuous on the boats and ships.Each Containers For Export is finished this task corresponding to a task, i.e. the outlet of this container shipment needs to hang, the cooperation of truck and bridge crane, and satisfies the pile requirement in the Bay position, promptly reduces mould turnover as far as possible.The target of model be according to the field hang, the configuration of truck and bridge crane, and the requirement of activity duration obtains the allocation order of task on each resource, satisfies boats and ships always in the shortest target of ETB expected time of berthing.According to above data, the output that obtains by model comprises: each task is on the scene hangs, start-up time and activity duration on truck and the bridge crane; Hang, the task sequence on truck and the bridge crane, and the start-up time of each task and activity duration.It is allocate plan.According to allocate plan, in fact can adjust berthing schedule by a lot of strategies easily.

Though above model discloses the present invention, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under the condition that does not depart from the design of the present invention that proposes by claims and scope, can also carry out many improvement, particularly: the 1) adjustment of calculation process; 2) weakening of basic data and assumed condition or enhancing.And these improvement and adjustment still guarantee to obtain allocate plan according to basic data.

Claims (5)

1. towards the container terminal ship-loading and load-distribution non-linear programming method of the scope of operation, it is characterized in that, comprise following characteristics:

1) sets up model according to the position constraint of berthing schedule and Containers For Export shipment;

2) the parallel task operation of the many production lines of the many boats and ships of described model supports;

3) described model is a kind of loading optimization model towards the scope of operation;

4) described model is considered the sequencing problem of container shipment task.

2. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described characteristics 1), berthing schedule is decomposed into production line to the loading and unloading task of boats and ships, and can determine the start time of production line and concluding time the latest; The position constraint of Containers For Export shipment is stipulated unallowed shipment sequence, to satisfy the requirement of lacking mould turnover as far as possible.

3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described characteristics 2), decomposing the ship loading and unloading task is production line, every production line is obtained Bay position job sequence, the container operation sequence of every Bay position satisfies the requirement of as far as possible lacking mould turnover, promptly satisfies the position constraint of Containers For Export shipment.

4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described characteristics 3), bridge crane distributes production line; Truck and field are hung and are not limited in specific production line, at the All Jobs task assignment.

5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described characteristics 4), hang all tasks of operation for bridge crane, truck and field, and the ordering of all relating to of task, described model is unique ordering of assignment of mission not; Task is hung the operation ordering on the equipment in bridge crane, truck and field, satisfy the constraint of a task of an equipment operation simultaneously; The activity duration of each task on three kinds of equipment, satisfy earlier hang, the order of truck, last bridge crane again.

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