CN101782496A - 用来确定固体颗粒浓度的设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
设备包含:预稀释器(6)、下游的被加热的汽化器(7)、在汽化器(7)下游的次级稀释器(8)以及与次级稀释器相邻的颗粒计数器(5)。次级稀释器(8)构成为“多孔管稀释器”并设置在汽化器(7)的出口和稳定腔(14)之间,从该稳定腔(14)中分岔出用于颗粒计数器(5)的样品流。因此,能以简单且在较大的范围内可调节的方式测量出固体颗粒的浓度,且不会由于挥发性的浮质颗粒而发生误差。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于确定携带颗粒的气流中的固体颗粒的浓度的设备,此设备包含:预稀释器,其将从气流中分岔出来的样品流与基本无颗粒的稀释气体相混合;被加热的汽化器,其布置在被稀释的样品流的下游;布置在汽化器下游的次级稀释器,该次级稀释器将样品流与其它的基本无颗粒的稀释气体相混合;以及布置在次级稀释器下游的颗粒计数器。
背景技术
所述类型的设备和借此实施的方法是已知的,尤其是与内燃机废气中的浮质的特征描述和测量相关联是已知的,并至少部分已经是国家的、地方的和国际上的试验规范、标准等。例如在“Amendments toUNECE regulations/regulation No.83/Appendix 5”(美国,经济社会理事会,欧洲经济委员会;2008年1月)中相对详细地描述了所述类型的设备。此外,还已经有了几个市场上可购买的设备,它们包含建议的元件并因此可实现相应的测量。
众所周知地,内燃机的废气、尤其是柴油发动机的废气不仅包含传统的浮质(意思是挥发性的悬浮颗粒),还包含由在载体气体中的固体的和挥发性的悬浮颗粒组成的混合物,其中对给定的废气危害性进行相应检测的动机几乎都只是源自固体颗粒。因此,此处有关的上述类型的设备的目的是,在最终测量之前将与危害性定义无关的挥发性的颗粒排除,为此要对样品流相继地进行稀释、加热和再次稀释。在例如可按AT 9.603U构成的预稀释器中,样品流中的固体颗粒及挥发性浮质的浓度都降低了。在布置在下游的被加热的汽化器中,将挥发性的物质转化到汽化阶段中,其中通过调节相应的预稀释,可将挥发性浮质的浓度降到这样的程度,即这些物质的汽化压力在汽化结束后是如此之低,使得它们在随后的冷却过程中不会再冷凝,因而事后再次待冷却的样品流只包含待计数的固定颗粒。
为了可以测量或计量携带颗粒的气流中宽范围的实际的颗粒浓度的感兴趣的固体颗粒,特别是预稀释器及次级稀释器中的稀释率之间的相互影响以及样品流的加热和冷却的不同阶段都必须精确地相互协调或调整,这使得对应于UNECE规定的上述建议的规定的商用***的具体实施变得非常复杂,因此它们例如对于地方交通管理局、汽车修理厂或类似机构的实验站来说都几乎无法使用。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是,这样来构造或改进开头所述类型的设备,使得它即使对于较宽的测量范围也能实现简单的布置和调节。
按本发明,此目的在上述类型的设备中这样得以实现,即次级稀释器构成为“多孔管稀释器(Porous Tube Diluter)”,并且设置在汽化器的出口与稳定腔之间,从该稳定腔中分岔出用于颗粒计数器的样品流。这种“多孔管稀释器”在穿过的试样管路的至少一部分上具有圆周孔口,从外面在至少轻微超压之下输入的、基本上无颗粒的稀释气体可通过这些圆周孔口流入试样管路中,并在该处能以可非常简单调节的方式与样品流相混合。因此,也可以直接进行期望的样品流冷却,其中但以前述的方式确保,在先前加热时被汽化的挥发性浮质颗粒不能再次冷凝。通过次级稀释器的可调节的稀释以及与预稀释器的可调节的稀释和样品流的加热或冷却温度一起,能够覆盖非常大的范围的感兴趣的固体颗粒的浓度,其最后在下游的颗粒计数器中待测量。
在本发明的优选构造方案中,次级稀释器通过隔热的试样管路与被加热的汽化器相连,这阻止了热量从样品气流到管壁的传递,并因此可避免浮质微粒的热致导电(thermophoretic)的沉积。
构成为“多孔管稀释器”的次级稀释器优选具有大量(优选>1000)的在试样管路中的圆周孔口,其优选具有<0.15mm的直径。从密封地包围试样管路的这一段(即具有圆周孔口的部段)的外罩腔出发能够将作为优选可热调节的冷的稀释流的所述其它的稀释气体输送给所述圆周孔口。因此,可产生样品流的受控的次级稀释和冷却,它们是在相当大的圆周区域上和非常多的混合位置上进行的。
在本发明的其它构造方案中,次级稀释器的圆周孔口也可构成为锥形的并且具有从外向内逐渐缩小的横截面,并且还在径向和/或轴向方向上与相应的试样管路表面上的法线偏离地定向,这可以进一步有利地影响混合、稀释和冷却。
在本发明的优选构造方案中,在次级稀释器下游布置的稳定腔(stabilization chamber)具有比次级稀释器中的试样管路大得多的横截面,并除了流出孔外还具有至少一个用于颗粒计数器的取出接口。由于在向稳定腔的过渡区上的雷诺数的强烈的变化,所以可与在次级稀释器中输入的稀释气体实现均匀的混合,因此可从稳定腔中提取代表样品,所述代表样品在颗粒计数器(例如已知的冷凝核计数器)中被测量,以确定剩余的固定颗粒的浓度。
附图说明
下面借助在附图中示意示出的实施例详细地阐述本发明。
图1在示意图中出示出了按照UNECE规则第83号-附件5建议的“颗粒取样***”,其具有按本发明的设备的主要元件;
图2在示意图中示出按本发明的汽化器、次级稀释器和稳定腔;
图3与按图2的局部布置对应的剖开的具体设备。
具体实施方式
按图1的设备用来在携带颗粒的气流中确定固体颗粒的浓度,此气流在此以未详细示出的方式从气流的供应处(例如柴油发动机)输送到稀释通道1(CVS通道)中,并在该处与被过滤过的且在温度和湿度方面已调节过的稀释空气进行混合并且被调节。借助探针2从此通道1中分岔出来的样品流通过预分类器3到达单元4中,此预分类器3是指在颗粒尺寸方面进行预选,此单元4的任务是,将挥发性的浮质从样品流中除去或转化到汽化阶段,因此在下游布置的颗粒计数器5只会测量样品流中的实际感兴趣的固体颗粒及其浓度。
在单元4中,通过预分类器3输入的样品流首先进入预稀释器6中,在预稀释器6中以此处未示出的方式可调节地混入基本无颗粒的稀释气体。此预稀释器例如可构成为如AT 9.603U所述的旋转稀释器。被加热的汽化器7布置在预稀释器6下游,此汽化器7允许将被稀释的样品流加热到约350℃至400℃。次级稀释器8布置在汽化器7下游,通过次级稀释器8将现在无挥发性浮质的样品流进一步稀释和冷却(相对于之前的预稀释和加热而言),此样品流随后被导入颗粒计数器5中。
按图2,按本发明的次级稀释器8构成为“多孔管稀释器”并且在试样管路10中具有大量(优选>1000)的圆周孔口9,在此为了图示清晰,只放大地示出了它们中的几个。从密封地包围试样管路10的这一段的外罩腔11出发给这些圆周孔口9供给所述其它的稀释气体、优选可热调节的冷稀释流,这确保在被加热的汽化器7的区域内被加热的样品流的充分混合和冷却。次级稀释器8通过尽可能短的一段隔热的试样管路10与被加热的汽化器7相连,因此在这个区域内能够避免浮质颗粒的沉积。汽化器的加热装置用12表示,隔热体用13表示。
在次级稀释器8中的试样管路10上的圆周孔口9优选具有<0.15mm直径,并且还可以构成为锥形的且具有从外向内逐渐缩小的横截面,此外还通过这些圆周孔口9的定向偏离相应试样管路表面上的法线,这对其它的稀释气体的流入特性进一步产生影响,并因此对气流的彻底混合和冷却进一步产生影响。
布置在下游的稳定腔14具有比次级稀释器8的试样管路10大得多的横截面,由此通过在过渡区上雷诺数的强烈的变化导致样品流与稀释空气进一步均匀的混合。除了流出孔15外,还在侧面设置取出接口16,通过取出接口16可为一个或多个测量仪(尤其是颗粒计数器)提取代表样品。
在图3中剖开示出的具体实施例中,与图2功能相对应的元件设有相同的附图标记。对于图2的说明不变地适用于图3。
Claims (5)
1.用于确定携带颗粒的气流中的固体颗粒的浓度的设备,此设备包含:预稀释器(6),其将从气流中分岔出来的样品流与基本无颗粒的稀释气体相混合;被加热的汽化器(7),其布置在被稀释的样品流的下游;布置在汽化器(7)下游的次级稀释器(8),该次级稀释器将样品流与其它的基本无颗粒的稀释气体相混合;以及布置在次级稀释器(8)下游的颗粒计数器(5),其特征在于,次级稀释器(8)构成为“多孔管稀释器”并且设置在汽化器(7)的出口与稳定腔(14)之间,从该稳定腔(14)中分岔出用于颗粒计数器(5)的样品流。
2.按权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,次级稀释器(8)通过隔热的试样管路(10)与被加热的汽化器(7)相连接。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的设备,其特征在于,所述构成为“多孔管稀释器”的次级稀释器(8)在试样管路(10)中具有大量的、优选>1000个圆周孔口(9),所述圆周孔口优选具有<0.15mm的直径,所述其它的稀释气体作为优选可热调节的冷的稀释流能够从密封地包围试样管路(10)的这一段的外罩腔(11)出发被输送给所述圆周孔口(9)。
4.按权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,圆周孔口(9)构成为锥形的并且具有从外向内逐渐缩小的横截面,并且优选在径向和/或轴向方向上与相应的试样管路表面上的法线偏离地定向。
5.按权利要求1至4之任一或多个所述的设备,其特征在于,稳定腔(14)具有比次级稀释器(8)中的试样管路(10)大得多的横截面,并且除了流出孔(15)之外还具有至少一个用于颗粒计数器(5)的取出接口(16)。
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JP4749323B2 (ja) | 2006-12-28 | 2011-08-17 | 株式会社堀場製作所 | 粒子数計測システム |
CN101210910B (zh) * | 2006-12-31 | 2011-03-09 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | 气体过滤缓冲一体装置 |
AT9603U3 (de) * | 2007-08-16 | 2008-08-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Rotationsverdünner für fluidströme |
CN201075065Y (zh) * | 2007-08-17 | 2008-06-18 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | 发动机排气颗粒部分稀释取样*** |
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- 2009-12-16 EP EP09179412.3A patent/EP2264423B1/de not_active Not-in-force
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2010
- 2010-01-08 JP JP2010002637A patent/JP5066195B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-01-08 US US12/654,945 patent/US8474304B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-01-12 CN CN2010100035229A patent/CN101782496B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-01-13 KR KR1020100002924A patent/KR101149621B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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CN104819919A (zh) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-05 | 北京曼德克环境科技有限公司 | 一种颗粒物排放含量检测仪 |
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CN106596365A (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 聚光科技(杭州)股份有限公司 | 高湿烟气的粉尘浓度监测装置及方法 |
CN106596365B (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2024-01-05 | 聚光科技(杭州)股份有限公司 | 高湿烟气的粉尘浓度监测装置及方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2010164561A (ja) | 2010-07-29 |
EP2264423B1 (de) | 2015-01-28 |
AT10541U2 (de) | 2009-05-15 |
KR101149621B1 (ko) | 2012-05-25 |
EP2264423A3 (de) | 2013-09-11 |
CN101782496B (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
AT10541U3 (de) | 2009-11-15 |
JP5066195B2 (ja) | 2012-11-07 |
KR20100083732A (ko) | 2010-07-22 |
EP2264423A2 (de) | 2010-12-22 |
US8474304B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 |
US20100175459A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
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