CN101760458A

CN101760458A - Resistance heredity of wheat powdery mildew resistant gene, source and orientation

Info

Publication number: CN101760458A
Application number: CN200810237997A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李祥
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-12-19
Filing date: 2008-12-19
Publication date: 2010-06-30

Abstract

The wheat powdery mildew is fungous disease caused by wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis.f.sp tritici) and is prevalent in wheat planting areas under maritime and half-continental climate environment with abundant rainfall in the past and causes serious yield loss. Since 1960s, the promotion of dwarfwheat and semi-dwarf as well as the increasing of nitrogenous fertilizer application make the damage of the powdery mildew serious day by day. The powdery mildew rises from secondary disease to major disease and becomes an obstacle for affecting and restricting stable and high yield of wheat. According to statistics, the yield loss caused by wheat powdery mildew is 5-10 percent, and is as high as 50 percent under a serious situation, or even complete crop failure occurs. For example, in 1990, the area with wheat powdery mildew is 180 million mu and the yield loss is as high as 3.2 billion kilograms.

Description

The genetics of resistance of powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat, source and chromosomal localization

Technical field

The genetics of resistance of powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat, source and chromosomal localization belong to biology field.

Background technology

Wheat powdery mildew is the fungal disease that is caused by wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis.f.sp tritici), past is only popular and cause serious production loss (Bennett, 1984 in the wheat planting district of the maritime and medium-sized land sex climate environment with abundant rainfall; Miranda et al., 2006).Since the sixties in 20th century, wheat is of short stem, the popularization of semi-dwarf mutant kind, the increase of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, the harm of Powdery Mildew is on the rise, main Mai Qu rises to main disease by less important disease in the world, becomes a big obstacle (Wang Xinyu etc., 2001) of influence and restriction wheat stable yields and high yield.According to statistics, the production loss that wheat powdery mildew causes is generally 5-10%, can be when seriously taking place up to 50%, even total crop failure.As in nineteen ninety, China's wheat powdery mildew area of causing harm reaches 1.8 hundred million mu, and production loss reaches 3,200,000,000 kilograms (Liu Wancai, Shao Zhenrun, 1998).

Summary of the invention

Wheat can be divided into two types to the resistance of Powdery Mildew, promptly by the quality resistance of major gene control and the quantity resistance of being controlled by minor-polygene.The quality resistance is by dominance or the control of recessive single-gene, and the mildew-resistance gene of having reported is most to be dominance, only comes from Pm5 that cultivates emmer wheat and the Pm26 that comes from wild emmer and is recessive (Law and Wolfe, 1966; Lebsock and Briggle, 1974; Rong et al., 2000).In the mildew-resistance gene of not naming, also having some is recessive inheritance.Robe and Doussinault (1995) find that by excised leaf evaluation in seedling stage an important disease-resistant strain RE714 of France also contains a recessive disease-resistant gene MLRE, and infers that this gene is from emmer wheat except that containing disease-resistant gene Pm4b.(2004) such as Singr ü n have found two mildew-resistance genes in common wheat strain TA2682c, one of them is recessive, difference according to the resistance reaction, this recessive gene is defined as new powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat, called after mlRD30, and utilize China spring to lack-the AFLP mark checking of limbs, be located on the karyomit(e) 7A.In China, Huang etc. (2000,2002) have identified several important disease-resistant farm varieties, and as red volume awns, benzene Huang in March, Xiao Bai winter wheat, trip white orchid and Fu Zhuang 30, its resistance to Powdery Mildew is controlled by recessive gene all.Wheat is referred to as slow mealiness (Roberts et al., 1970 again to the quantity resistance of Powdery Mildew; Shaner, 1973), partial resistance (Hautea et al., 1987), field resistance or become strain resistance (Griffey et al., 1993; Griffeyand Das, 1994), control by minor-polygene.The residual effect of the major gene that minority is overcome also is provided as resistance (Nass etal., 1981 of strain; Chantret et al., 1999).

52 main mildew-resistance gene (Huang et al., 2004 of imitating have been identified at 36 gene locuss of wheat cdna group so far; Zhu et al., 2005; Miranda et al., 2006) (table 1).These genes are not to be randomly dispersed in (table 2) in the genome, but cluster be present in gene rich region (Gell et al., 1996a, b).Powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat has three classes source: a class derives from common wheat, comprises Pm1a, Pm1e, Pm3, Pm5b-5e, Pm9, Pm10, Pm11, Pm14, Pm15, Pm23, Pm24, Pm28, Pm38, Pm39; Second class derives from the wheat sibling species, comprise Pm1b (einkorn wheat), Pm1c (one grained wheat), Pm1d (this inferior that tower wheat), Pm4a, Pm5a (cultivation emmer wheat), Pm4b, Pm33 (Persian wheat), Pm6, Pm27, Pm37 (timopheevi wheat), Pm16, Pm26, Pm30, Pm31, Pm36 (wild emmer) and Pm25 (wild one grained wheat); The 3rd class derives from the wheat relative genus, comprises Pm7, Pm8, Pm17, Pm20 (rye), Pm12, Pm32 (intend this inferior that and take off goatweed), Pm13 (tall and big goatweed), Pm2, Pm19, Pm34, Pm35 (aegilops tauschii), Pm21 (cluster hair wheat), Pm 29 (ovum fringe goatweed).Pm10 wherein, Pm11, the only anti-Agropyron white powder of Pm14 and Pm15 germ, not resist powdery mildew of wheat (Tosa et al., 1987; 1988; 1990), Pm17 is the allelotrope (Hsam andZeller 1997) of Pm8, and Pm18 and Pm22 are the allelotrope of Pm1, is named again respectively to be Pm1c and Pm1e (Hsam etal., 1998; Singr ü n et al., 2003).In addition, from einkorn wheat, timopheevi wheat, Urartu wheat and two einkorn kinds, found new powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat about the scholar respectively recently, successively called after NCA4, NCAG11, PmU, Mlm2033, Mlm80, Pm37 (Srnic et al., 2005; Qiu et al., 2005; Yao et al., 2006; Perugini et al2008).

The classical way that powdery mildew resistance gene is carried out chromosomal localization is to utilize monosomic analysis.1954, the E.R.Sears of Missouri, USA university has obtained a complete set of wheat monomer, trisome, end body and nullisomic and limbs and has derived and be from common wheat kind China spring (CS), for the wheat resistance genes chromosomal localization provides material, promoted the development of wheat resistance genes chromosomal localization research.Current, adopt cytogenetic methods such as monomer or the analysis of end body, most mildew-resistance genes are positioned on karyomit(e) or the chromosome arm (table 1).

The development of dna molecular marker technology and application have improved the reliability of location of Genes for Powdery Mildew.As utilizing monosomic analysis once Pm12 to be positioned on the 6A, Jia (1996) re-positions at it on 6BS-6SS.6SL by rflp analysis; Pm16 once was positioned on the 4A, and Luo Yinghao (2003) is repositioned at it on 5BS by ssr analysis; Pm24 is former be positioned 6D go up (Huang et al., 1997b), Huang (2000) re-positions at it on 1D by ssr analysis; Singr ü n (2003) re-positions at it on 7A karyomit(e) by SSR and aflp analysis, and thinks that Pm22 is the allelotrope of Pm1, names to be Pm1e.

Claims

1. wheat can be divided into two types to the resistance of Powdery Mildew, promptly by the quality resistance of major gene control and the quantity resistance of controlling by minor-polygene, the quality resistance is by dominance or the control of recessive single-gene, the mildew-resistance gene of having reported is most to be dominance, only come from Pm5 that cultivates emmer wheat and the Pm26 that comes from wild emmer and be recessive (Law and Wolfe, 1966; Lebsock and Briggle, 1974; Ronget al., 2000), in the mildew-resistance gene of not naming, also having some is recessive inheritance.Robe and Doussinault (1995) find by excised leaf evaluation in seedling stage, an important disease-resistant strain RE714 of France is except that containing disease-resistant gene Pm4b, also contain a recessive disease-resistant gene MLRE, and infer that this gene is from emmer wheat, (2004) such as Singr ü n have found two mildew-resistance genes in common wheat strain TA2682c, one of them is recessive, difference according to the resistance reaction, this recessive gene is defined as new powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat, called after mlRD30, and utilize China spring to lack-the AFLP mark checking of limbs, be located on the karyomit(e) 7A, in China, Huang etc. (2000,2002) have identified several important disease-resistant farm varieties, as red volume awns, benzene Huang in March, the Xiao Bai winter wheat, trip white orchid and Fu Zhuang 30, its resistance to Powdery Mildew is controlled by recessive gene all, and wheat is referred to as slow mealiness (Roberts et al., 1970 again to the quantity resistance of Powdery Mildew; Shaner, 1973), partial resistance (Hautea et al., 1987), field resistance or become strain resistance (Griffey et al., 1993; Griffeyand Das, 1994), by minor-polygene control, the residual effect of the major gene that minority is overcome also is provided as resistance (Nass etal., 1981 of strain; Chantret et al., 1999).