CN101748461B - Super-hydrophobic and super-oleophobic surface preparation technology - Google Patents
Super-hydrophobic and super-oleophobic surface preparation technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a super-oleophobic surface preparation technology. In the preparation technology, aluminum or aluminum alloy sheets are subjected to two-step electrochemical treatment, and then are modified by using perfluorinated octadecyl trichlorosilane or perfluorinated polymethacrylate to prepare the super-oleophobic surface. The surface has super-hydrophobic property on aqueous solution of which the pH value is between 1 and 14 and super-oleophobic property on various oil drops, wherein a contact angle of the surface on water is 171 degrees, and a rolling angle is less than 1 degree; the surface expresses the super-oleophobic property on various oil drops except for perfluorinated polymer liquid, and all contact angles between the oil drops and the surface are more than 150 degrees, and rolling angles are generally less than 10 degrees; and the surface can also be put in air for a long time and can still maintain the super-oleophobic property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of super-oleophobic surface preparation technology, produce in aluminium or aluminum alloy surface and a kind of water and the different pH value aqueous solution and most of oils liquid to be had the preparation method of ultraphobic surface, be particularly related to a kind of have simultaneously super-hydrophobic, super oleophobic, with under the heating and melting condition to the super lyophoby characteristic of polymeric liquid, and the ultra-amphosphobic surface of permanent stability and soundness.
Background technology
The surface soakage is a key property of solid surface, main chemical ingredients and the two common decision of microtexture by solid surface.Because some surfaces with special wettability have extensive and important purposes in productive life and fundamental research field, the preparation of super hydrophobic surface and super oleophobic surface in recent years more and more is subjected to people's attention, and increasing document has been reported by the prepared surface that has special wetting property like this of diverse ways.Yet, in the middle of these documents, accounted for the overwhelming majority, but the report of super oleophobic surface is very few about super-hydrophobic report.In general, if a surface oleophobic is also hydrophobic so certainly, still, differing and reach oleophobic surely in a hydrophobic even super-hydrophobic surface, let alone will reach super oleophobic.In the middle of general actual experiment, according to the analysis of surface free energy, reason is to make that this surperficial surface tension of solid surface lyophoby must be less than capillary 1/4th of liquid.This is easier to reach concerning hydrophobic or even super hydrophobic surface, because the surface free energy of water is higher relatively is 72.8mN/m, and for the relative very low most oils liquid of surface free energy, general surface tension is all much smaller than this value, the tension force that reaches surperficial oleophobic even super oleophobic requirement surface is very little, probably can only be about every meter of several bold and unconstrained ox.A super oleophobic surface must have super-hydrophobic characteristic simultaneously, thereby super oleophobic surface will have more extensive and actual purposes.Up to the present, people have prepared some oleophobics or super oleophobic surface by certain methods, for example people such as Tsujii had once reported a kind of preparation method (Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.1997 of super oleophobic surface, 36,1011), people such as Jiang Lei has reported super two carbon nano-tube film (Li, H.J.et al.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2001 that dredges at " applied chemistry " magazine calendar year 2001,40,1743.).Recently, people such as Tuteja have delivered achievement in research (Tuteja, the A. about design and the super oleophobic surface of preparation on " science "; Et al.Science 2007,318,1618), Gao, people such as Di have prepared a kind of porous silicon surface, show super oleophobic property after perfluor is hydride modified.The relevant patent of having seen also seldom.Chinese patent CN 101330165A discloses underwater ultra-oleophobic polyalcohol membrane of a kind of biomimetic features and preparation method thereof.However, these preparation methods also exist very big defective, can only reach about 120 ° to 130 ° as the oil very low (about 20mN/m) contact angle some surface energies, base material also is confined on the silicon chip mostly in addition, the required expense of preparation technology is relatively more expensive, also investigates with the firm performance in the closely-related surface of practical application.So the super oleophobic surface preparation that suitable actual needs can really be used has important theory and practical significance, also is a great challenge to us.
Engineering metal materials of aluminum and alloy thereof are in navigation, and space flight has a wide range of applications in pipeline transportation and other the many fields, as can be used as the shell and the steamer of radar and aircraft, and the cabin body of submarine etc. also have important purposes in the middle of daily life.How on engineering metal aluminium and alloy thereof, to construct super-hydrophobic particularly super oleophobic surface and become a very promising research focus.And also there are not a kind of super thin all kinds of water that have simple and practical the time from present document, the aqueous solution, and the preparation method of all kinds of oil, therefore prepare in two steps by simple electrochemical treatment and have aluminium base super oleophobic surface a kind of very important practicability preparation method is provided, be expected to very much industrialized developing, produce.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to is providing a kind of preparation method of super-double-hydrophobic surface.
The present invention carries out the two-step electrochemical processing with aluminium or aluminum alloy sheet, and after modifying with perfluor octadecyl trichlorosilane or perfluor polymethacrylate, the surface that obtains has ultra-amphosphobic again.
A kind of super-oleophobic surface preparation technology is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps successively:
At first, use acetone respectively, ethanol, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning aluminium or aluminum alloy sheet;
Then with aqueous sodium persulfate solution as electrolyte solution, the aluminium or the aluminum alloy sheet that clean up are made anode, stereotype is made negative electrode, is 5～15mA/cm in current density
2Carry out electrochemical etching reaction 2～4 hours under the normal temperature, clean drying;
Again with aqueous sulfuric acid as ionogen, aluminium or aluminum alloy sheet are made anode, stereotype is made negative electrode, under 0～10 ℃ with 50～100V voltage under oxidation 5～30 minutes, clean drying;
At last be spun to aluminium or aluminum alloy sheet surface, be incubated 1～3 hour down at 80 ℃～120 ℃ and obtain super-double-hydrophobic surface with the hexane solution of perfluor octadecyl trichlorosilane or the Freon 113 solution of perfluor polymethacrylate.
The concentration of aqueous sodium persulfate solution of the present invention is 0.01～0.1M.
The concentration of the hexane solution of perfluor octadecyl trichlorosilane of the present invention or the Freon 113 solution of perfluor polymethacrylate is 0.1～1wt%.
It is relatively more fragile that the present invention has overcome many super hydrophobic surfaces, not anti-mechanical effect, and permanent stability are relatively poor, thereby are difficult to practical significant deficiency.In addition, also to be to overcome most of in the past super hydrophobic surfaces only super thin and the much lower fluid body of surface energy is difficult to show lyophobicity even super thin property to water or the aqueous solution in the present invention.
Aluminium of the present invention or aluminium alloy super-double-hydrophobic surface can be steady in a long-term, in mechanical bend, still can well keep super thin characteristic after the distortion, in addition can super thin paraffin under heating, polyoxyethylene glycol etc. are dripped by solid fused fluid, and drop spherical in shape is attached to the surface and does not take place wetting and can drop easily when meeting water vapor condensation.This surperficial preparation method is simple, practical, be easy to realize suitability for industrialized production and super thin unique properties, not only have super-hydrophobic/aqueous solution characteristic, the more important thing is that it has the characteristic of super thin all kinds of oil, and the super thin characteristic under some special conditionss and surface stability and soundness.
Pure water, salts solution and acid or alkali lye are dripped to the aluminium or the aluminium alloy super-double-hydrophobic surface that prepare like this carry out contact angle determination, contact angle is all greater than 170 °, and roll angle is all less than 1 °.Used acid is hydrochloric acid, and used salts solution is a sodium chloride solution, and alkali is sodium hydroxide solution, and the pH value scope of measuring used solution is 0-14.
All kinds of fluid drops (except that (per) fluoropolymer liquid) are carried out contact angle determination at this super-double-hydrophobic surface, and contact angle is all greater than 150 °, and the roll angle major part is all less than 10 °.Used oil liquid is all kinds of oil of surface energy in from 20mN/m to the 50mN/m scope, from edible oil, and lubricating oil, the crude oil that ionic liquid has just extracted to silicone oil and oil field.
Under heating condition fused paraffin and polyoxyethylene glycol (molecular weight is 2000) are carried out contact angle determination at this ultraphobic surface, contact angle is all greater than 160 °.The used solid paraffin and the melt temperature of solid polyethylene glycol reach more than 70 ℃ this surface heated temperature for 57～63 ℃ and 51 ℃ respectively.
Be sprayed on this ultraphobic surface with water vapor being lower than under the room temperature, agglomerative water can't can only the spherical droplets with different sizes be assembled on the surface by wetted surface after for some time, can drop easily.
This super-double-hydrophobic surface still can keep its super thin characteristic after the medium-term and long-term placement of air (greater than a year), nearly all do not change through bending repeatedly, surface friction rear surface structure and super thin property.
The purposes that is expected to of the present invention:
1, super-double-hydrophobic surface of the present invention cannot not have stickingly water, the characteristic of glactaric acid and not sticking alkali not, can be used for the antifouling and protection against corrosion of metallic aluminium and alloy surface thereof.
2, super-double-hydrophobic surface of the present invention can be used for can reducing the resistance of water on marine equipment such as all kinds of boats and ships or the underwater submarine, improves travel speed, reduces noise.Be particularly suitable under all kinds of marine environments navigation and travel, thus can prevent various sea salt to the corrosion of hull and extra large bath and oily substance to improving sea speed adhering to of hull greatly and reduce energy expenditure and to the loss maintenance cost of hull.
3, super-double-hydrophobic surface material of the present invention can be used for some and is placed on the important equipment configuration outside surface that the open air needs anti-acid rain corrosion of waterproof and ice and snow to cover for a long time, can reduce corrosion greatly and improve work-ing life, reduces ice and snow and covers the loss that brings.
4, super-double-hydrophobic surface material of the present invention has the superpower repulsive interaction of aircraft oil, is expected to be used for the lubricated of spatial component material, thereby effectively stops lubricating oil to be creeped.
5, super-double-hydrophobic surface of the present invention has the characteristic of super-hydrophobic, super acidophobic and super thin alkali, and the characteristic of super thin all kinds of oil and stability and soundness, thereby can transport crude oil lubricating oil, the pipeline of corrosive liquid, and storage receptacle in order to preparation.
6, super-double-hydrophobic surface of the present invention has the super thin characteristic of water-based emulsion, can be used for conveying and storage that the free of losses ultramicron liquid of some valuable emulsion form reagent and medicament is gone up in chemical analysis and medical treatment.
7, the base material of super-double-hydrophobic surface of the present invention is aluminium or aluminum alloy materials, and in daily life already by extensive material as living utensil, so the present invention can improve the function and the added value of these aluminium base daily necessitiess greatly.
8, aluminium base and alloy ultraphobic surface steam under cryogenic condensation of the present invention is difficult to wettingly, can be used for anti-frosting in refrigerator ice cabinet and other reefer systems and the conditioning unit material that freezes, and improves the efficient of equipment greatly.
The present invention has following characteristics:
1, prepared super-double-hydrophobic surface has the unsettled micrometer structure and the hierarchy of nano thread structure, this surface shows super-hydrophobicity after perfluor low surface energy material is modified, the water and the aqueous solution (are comprised salts solution, strong acid solution, strong base solution) contact angle is all greater than 170 °, and roll angle is less than 1 °.Show the excess of export oleophobic property simultaneously, general all greater than 150 ° to the super oleophobic property of surface energy various oils (except that (per) fluoropolymer liquid) in 20mN/m arrives the 50mN/m scope to the contact angle of oil, and roll angle is very little, is 3～10 °.
2, obtained super-double-hydrophobic surface is in that be much higher than under the normal temperature condition can super thin fused paraffin and drop such as polyoxyethylene glycol.
3, obtained super-double-hydrophobic surface has good soundness, and ability mechanical deformation effect, bent distortion and do not destroy its surface tissue and super-hydrophobic super oleophobic performance.
5, obtained super-double-hydrophobic surface can not change its surface super-hydrophobic and super oleophobic property in the medium-term and long-term placement of air (greater than 1 year).
6, obtained super-double-hydrophobic surface is nonwetting to the steam under the high humidity environment, and condensation formation drop is had extra small adhesive power can drop easily, can prevent frosting and icing to a certain extent.
7, obtained super-double-hydrophobic surface preparation technology is simple, adopts mature electrochemical process for treating.Need not complex apparatus, technology operability good reproducibility is easy to preparation in enormous quantities and suitability for industrialized production.
8, obtained super-double-hydrophobic surface is raw material with metallic aluminium or the aluminium alloy that uses in the middle of common engineering and the life, thereby it is applied widely, need the field of hydrophobic and oleophobic to have broad application prospects in the middle of industrial circle and daily life, particularly those need the practical field of super-hydrophobic and super oleophobic.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, uses acetone successively, ethanol, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning aluminium flake (99.9%) sample (80mm * 20mm * 2mm),, dry up stand-by again to slough the grease on the sample;
2, will go up the aluminium flake handled well of step is electrolyte solution with the 0.03M aqueous sodium persulfate solution, and aluminium flake is made anode, and stereotype is made negative electrode, voltage 4V, and current density is 7mA/cm
2Following continuous current, oxidation is 4 hours under the room temperature.Reacted sample with ethanol and deionized water ultrasonic cleaning successively, is dried;
3, the aqueous sulfuric acid that the sample after the processing of previous step electrochemical oxidation is used 1M is as ionogen, and aluminium flake is made anode, and stereotype is made negative electrode, and quick oxidation is 10 minutes under 10 ℃ of constant temperature 60V voltages.Use ethanol and deionized water ultrasonic cleaning aluminium flake successively then, dry;
4, be spun to dry good aluminium flake surface with the hexane solution of 0.5% perfluor octadecyl trichlorosilane and carry out chemically modified, treat that nature does back 120 ℃ of insulation 2h down in baking oven, promptly obtain the aluminium flake super-double-hydrophobic surface.
Super-double-hydrophobic surface has 2～15 microns platform projections, and the dual microtexture of the alumina nanowires of intensive growth.
Super-double-hydrophobic surface to the static contact angle numerical value of the different pH value aqueous solution all greater than 170 ℃.
The surface sees Table 1 to contact angle, roll angle and the surface energy data of water, emulsion, various oils.
Table 1: the surface energy of water, emulsion, various oils and in contact angle, the roll angle of super-double-hydrophobic surface
Super-double-hydrophobic surface is through still keeping ultra-amphosphobic to water and crude oil after the bending repeatedly.
The polyoxyethylene glycol of super-double-hydrophobic surface and heating and melting and vasoliniment show super thin property, and contact angle is all greater than 160 ℃.
After super-double-hydrophobic surface was placed 1 year, still keep super-hydrophobic super oleophobic property in air, the numerical value of the contact angle of water and n-hexadecane is seen Table 2.
Table 2: super-double-hydrophobic surface is storage period and contact angle numerical value in air
| Storage period | With the contact angle of water (°) | With the contact angle of n-hexadecane (°) |
| 30 days | 171.3 | 158.6 |
| 60 days | 171.2 | 158.5 |
| 90 days | 171.3 | 158.7 |
| 120 days | 171.2 | 158.4 |
| 150 days | 171.4 | 158.3 |
| 180 days | 171.3 | 158.2 |
| 210 days | 171.3 | 158.4 |
| 240 days | 171.2 | 158.6 |
| 270 days | 171.3 | 158.3 |
| 300 days | 171.2 | 158.5 |
| 330 days | 171.2 | 158.6 |
| 360 days | 171.3 | 158.3 |
Super-double-hydrophobic surface is under the condensed steam atmosphere, and water vapor very easily blows off at the tiny globule of this surface condensation water, and bonding strength is very little.The frost of forming is also easily from surface removal.
Embodiment 2
1, uses acetone successively, ethanol, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning aluminum alloy sheet (Al content is about 97%, and all the other are Mg, Si etc.) (80mm * 20mm * 2mm),, dry to slough the grease on the sample;
2, will go up cleaned aluminum alloy sheet of step is electrolyte solution with the 0.05M aqueous sodium persulfate solution, and aluminum alloy sheet is made anode, and stereotype is made negative electrode, voltage 5V, and current density is 8mA/cm
2Following continuous current, the electrochemical etching reaction is 3.5 hours under the room temperature.With reacted aluminum alloy sheet ethanol and deionized water ultrasonic cleaning successively;
3, the aluminum alloy sheet after the previous step electrochemical etching is handled carries out the fast anode oxidation with the aqueous sulfuric acid of 1M as ionogen, and aluminium foil is made anode, and stereotype is made negative electrode, adds 70V voltage under 5 ℃ of the constant temperature, and the reaction times is 15 minutes.Use ethanol and the deionized water reacted aluminum alloy sheet of ultrasonic cleaning successively then, dry;
4, be spun to dry good aluminium flake surface with the Refrigerant R 113 solution of 0.5% perfluor polymethylmethacrylate and carry out chemically modified, dry back 120 ℃ of insulation 3h down in baking oven, promptly obtain the aluminum alloy sheet super-double-hydrophobic surface.
Embodiment 3
1, uses acetone successively, ethanol, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning aluminium alloy (Al content is about 97%, and all the other are Mg, Si etc.) sheet (80mm * 20mm * 2mm),, dry up stand-by again to slough surperficial grease;
2, will go up cleaned aluminum alloy sheet of step, be electrolyte solution with the 0.1M aqueous sodium persulfate solution, and aluminum alloy sheet is made anode, and stereotype is made negative electrode, voltage 8V, and current density is 15mA/cm
2, the electrochemical etching reaction is 2.5 hours under the room temperature.Reacted aluminum alloy sheet with ethanol and deionized water ultrasonic cleaning successively, is dried;
3, the aqueous sulfuric acid that the aluminum alloy sheet after the previous step electrochemical etching reaction treatment is used 1M is as ionogen fast anode oxidizing reaction, and aluminum alloy sheet is made anode, and stereotype is made negative electrode, adds 100V voltage under 3 ℃ of constant temperature, and the anodic oxidation reactions time is 8 minutes.Use ethanol and the deionized water reacted aluminum alloy sheet of ultrasonic cleaning successively then, dry;
4, be spun to the surface that the step handles well with the hexane solution of 1% perfluor octadecyl trichlorosilane and carry out chemically modified, treat that nature does back 120 ℃ of insulation 3h down in baking oven, promptly obtain the aluminum alloy sheet super-double-hydrophobic surface.
Embodiment 4
1, uses acetone successively, ethanol, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning aluminium flake (80mm * 20mm * 2mm),, dry up stand-by again to slough surperficial grease;
2, previous step is cleaned aluminium flake is put into, and is electrolyte solution with the 0.08M aqueous sodium persulfate solution, and aluminium flake is made anode, and stereotype is made negative electrode, voltage 6V, and current density is 10mA/cm
2Following continuous current reacted 3 hours surperficial electrochemical etching under the room temperature.Reacted aluminium flake with ethanol and deionized water ultrasonic cleaning successively, is dried;
3, the aluminium flake after the previous step electrochemical etching is handled carries out quick oxidizing reaction with the aqueous sulfuric acid of 1M as ionogen, and aluminium flake is made anode, and stereotype is made negative electrode, adds 80V voltage under 5 ℃ of constant temperature, and the reaction times is 20 minutes.Use the ultrasonic cleaning successively of ethanol and deionized water then, dry;
4, chemically modified is carried out on the aluminium flake surface that is spun to after the electrochemical treatment with the Refrigerant R 113 solution of 0.1% perfluor polymethylmethacrylate, treats that nature does back 120 ℃ of insulation 2h down in baking oven, promptly obtains the aluminium flake super-double-hydrophobic surface.
Claims (3)
1. super-oleophobic surface preparation technology is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps successively:
At first, use acetone respectively, ethanol, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning aluminium or aluminum alloy sheet;
Then with aqueous sodium persulfate solution as electrolyte solution, the aluminium or the aluminum alloy sheet that clean up are made anode, stereotype is made negative electrode, is 5～15mA/cm in current density
2Carry out electrochemical etching reaction 2～4 hours under the normal temperature, clean drying;
Again with aqueous sulfuric acid as ionogen, aluminium or aluminum alloy sheet are made anode, stereotype is made negative electrode, under 0～10 ℃ with 50～100V voltage under oxidation 5～30 minutes, clean drying;
At last be spun to aluminium or aluminum alloy sheet surface, be incubated 1～3 hour down at 80 ℃～120 ℃ and obtain super-double-hydrophobic surface with the hexane solution of perfluor octadecyl trichlorosilane or the Freon 113 solution of perfluor polymethacrylate.
2. technology of preparing as claimed in claim 1, the concentration that it is characterized in that aqueous sodium persulfate solution is 0.01～0.1M.
3. technology of preparing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the concentration of the Freon 113 solution of the hexane solution of perfluor octadecyl trichlorosilane or perfluor polymethacrylate is 0.1～1wt%
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