CN101746373A - 用于控制混合动力车辆的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于控制混合动力车辆的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN101746373A
CN101746373A CN200910258102A CN200910258102A CN101746373A CN 101746373 A CN101746373 A CN 101746373A CN 200910258102 A CN200910258102 A CN 200910258102A CN 200910258102 A CN200910258102 A CN 200910258102A CN 101746373 A CN101746373 A CN 101746373A
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motor vehicle
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CN101746373B (zh
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蒂莫西·詹姆斯·鲍曼
罗伯特·科林·海勒-洛伦岑
多纳图斯·安德里亚斯·约瑟芬·吉斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D17/00—Controlling engines by cutting out individual cylinders; Rendering engines inoperative or idling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于控制混合动力车辆的装置和方法，只要驾驶员希望减速，控制单元(13)就使引擎节气门(15)移动到完全打开位置。这使从车轮(6)传输到耦接至动力传动***(7、8、9)的飞轮(12)的旋转能量最大化，这是由于打开的节气门大大减少了引擎(2)的泵送损失。储存在飞轮(12)中的能量可以随后用于补充引擎的动力。控制单元(13)还控制电子液压离合器(11)，其通过无级变速器(CVT)(10)使飞轮耦接到动力传动***，并从动力传动***解耦接。CVT(10)的齿轮传动比由ECU(13)设置。

Description

用于控制混合动力车辆的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制混合动力车辆的装置和方法，该混合动力车辆具有作为主要原动机的内燃机和装有能量储存装置的第二原动机。
背景技术
向车辆提供第二动力来源是众所周知的。这样的第二动力来源例如可以包含可充电电池和电动机的组合，或飞轮。本发明尤其应用于飞轮混合动力车辆，但并不限于此。
美国汽车工程师学会(SAE)2008年4月14-17日的技术文献2008-01-0083，公开了一种包含无级变速器(continuously variabletransmission，CVT)的装置，其连接在车辆的引擎和变速箱之间，并设置为通过齿轮组驱动飞轮。该装置可以增加或减少由引擎提供的动力。
在基于飞轮的能量储存和回收***中，操纵CVT传动比实现能量储存和回收的控制。当传动比设置得使飞轮加速时，储存能量，当传动比设置得使飞轮减速时，回收能量。
行驶中的车辆在制动时会具有非常高的动力转换，混合动力***效能的关键是捕获尽可能多的这些(通常浪费掉的)能量。但是，由于需要克服减速过程中驱动引擎的泵送损失，因而附加地引起车辆减速。典型地，与柴油机相比，汽油机的这种减速程度更大，这是因为在制动时，进气门几乎完全关闭。因此，泵送损失是非常显著的。驱动引擎的结果是，减少了转换到飞轮或其他能量储存装置的可用能量的量，且该量少于车辆的总动能。简言之，由于需要克服泵送操作，要储存的可用能量比预想的要少。
发明内容
根据第一方面，本发明包含用于具有内燃机和能量储存装置的混合动力车辆的控制单元，该控制单元适于在控制单元收到来自车辆传感器的指示车辆运行条件的输入信号时生成控制信号，以打开引擎的节气门并使能量储存装置耦接到车辆的动力传动***。
在第二方面，本发明包含一种操作具有内燃机和能量储存装置的混合动力车辆的方法，其包括以下步骤：在车辆运行中，检测车辆运行条件，打开引擎的节气门并使能量储存装置耦接到车辆的动力传动***。
在第三方面，本发明包含一种混合动力车辆，其具有内燃机和能量储存装置，
用于检测车辆运行条件的传感器，
用于接收来自传感器的信号并用于生成第一和第二控制信号的控制单元，
节气门，其响应所述第一控制信号，控制进入引擎的气流，
耦接装置，其响应所述第二控制信号，使能量储存装置耦接到车辆的动力传动***，
控制单元，其适于在传感器在车辆运行中检测到车辆运行条件时生成所述第一和第二控制信号，以打开节气门并使能量储存装置耦接到车辆的动力传动***。
可选择地，当检测到所述车辆运行条件时，控制单元可以生成进一步的控制信号，使得混合动力车辆的燃油供应***切断引擎的燃油供应。
车辆运行条件例如可以是零引擎扭矩要求或车辆减速要求。
用于检测引擎扭矩要求的传感器可以是油门踏板位置传感器，从而当驾驶员将他/她的脚抬离油门踏板时，指示零扭矩要求。
可选择地或附加地，零引擎扭矩要求可以通过车载巡航控制***指示，当驾驶员已经取消巡航操作时，其检测及因而要求来自引擎的零扭矩。
为了检测车辆的减速要求，可以采用制动踏板位置传感器。
能量储存装置可以是飞轮，耦接装置可以包含无级变速器和传统上用于飞轮混合动力车辆的离合器装置。离合器响应从控制单元到耦接装置的信号，使飞轮连接到动力传动***，CVT调整其传动比，使得能量从动力传动***传输到飞轮。在节气门打开时(最好完全打开)，尽管飞轮加速旋转，也无能量用于克服引擎中的任何泵送损失，因此，最大量的可用能量可以传输到飞轮。
本发明能够与任何内燃机-飞轮混合动力机构结合使用。例如，车辆可以设置成具有由引擎驱动的第一轮轴，飞轮可以通过单独的动力传动***连接到第二轮轴。可选择地，引擎和飞轮可以通过共同的动力传动***连接到同一轮轴。
在装配有手自一体变速箱的车辆的情况下，控制单元还可以适于打开引擎和变速箱之间的离合器，或者在飞轮加速旋转时选择空挡或高速档。这一措施进一步减少了车辆的动力传动***中的能量损失。
附图说明
现在仅通过示例的方式并参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。
图1是装有根据本发明的控制单元的实施例的车辆的示意图。
具体实施方式
车辆1包括内燃机2，其通过变速箱4和前轮轴5驱动一对前轮3。一对后轮6通过后轮轴7、差速器8和传动轴9连接到无级变速器(CVT)10。电动液压离合器11连接于CVT10和飞轮12之间。
电子控制单元(ECU)13接收来自油门踏板位置传感器14的输入信号。节气门15、燃油喷射***16和离合器11及CVT10都接收来自ECU13的电控制信号。
节气门15和燃油喷射***16依公知技术分别调整提供给引擎的空气量和燃油量。
当车辆在运行中时，飞轮12能够加速旋转，离合器11使飞轮12耦接到CVT10。
后轮6的旋转运动通过差速器7、传动轴9、CVT10和离合器11传输到飞轮12。
飞轮的速度通过CVT传动比控制，其可以采用公知的方式通过来自ECU13的信号进行设置。
操作时，当车辆1正在运行时，驾驶员将他/她的脚抬离油门踏板(未示出)，踏板位置传感器14检测到踏板位置处于其最满行程的顶端，从而发出信号：需要零引擎扭矩。传感器14将信号发送给ECU13，通知其引擎扭矩需要当前为零。作为响应，ECU13为CVT10计算合适的齿轮传动比设置，使得任一能够通过CVT10传输的旋转运动使得飞轮12加速旋转。该计算采用公知的方式完成。另外，ECU13对离合器11生成输入信号，使其关闭燃油供应***16，从而切断对引擎2和节气门15的燃油供应，使节气门15完全打开。
因此，当节气门完全打开且燃油供应切断时，由引擎从车辆的旋转组件中移走的能量减少了。从而使从旋转后轮6传输到飞轮12的能量得到了优化。储存在飞轮12中的能量可以随后应用于向引擎补充动力，从而推进车辆。在这种情况下，飞轮12驱动后轮6。这通过在ECU13的控制下调整CVT10的齿轮传动比实现。
尽管此处说明的具体示例涉及飞轮作为能量储存装置的应用，本发明还可以应用于装有其它能量储存装置(例如可充电电池)的混合动力车辆中。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于控制具有内燃机(2)和能量储存装置(12)的混合动力车辆(1)的装置，其特征在于，具有控制单元(13)，该控制单元(13)适于在控制单元(13)收到来自车辆传感器(14)的指示车辆运行条件的输入信号时生成控制信号，用以打开引擎(2)的节气门(15)并使能量储存装置(12)耦接到车辆(1)的动力传动***(9)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，控制单元(13)适于在控制单元(13)收到来自车辆传感器(14)的指示所述车辆运行条件的输入信号时，生成进一步的控制信号，以使混合动力车辆的燃油供应***(16)切断引擎(2)的燃油供应。
3.一种具有内燃机(2)和能量储存装置(12)的混合动力车辆(1)，其特征在于具有：
用于检测车辆运行条件的传感器(14)，
控制单元(13)，用于从传感器(14)接收信号并用于生成第一和第二控制信号，
节气门(15)，其响应所述第一控制信号，控制进入引擎(2)的气流，
耦接装置(11)，其响应所述第二控制信号，使能量储存装置(12)耦接到车辆(1)的动力传动***，
控制单元(13)，其适于在传感器(14)在车辆运行中检测到车辆运行条件时，生成所述第一和第二信号，以打开节气门(15)，并使能量储存装置(12)耦接到动力传动***(9)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，控制单元(13)适于在检测到所述车辆运行条件时生成第三控制信号，以使混合动力车辆的燃油供应***(16)切断引擎(2)的燃油供应。
5.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力车辆(1)，其特征在于，车辆运行条件是零引擎扭矩要求。
6.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力车辆(1)，其特征在于，车辆运行条件是车辆减速要求。
7.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力车辆(1)，其特征在于，传感器(14)是油门踏板位置传感器。
8.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力车辆(1)，其特征在于，传感器是制动踏板位置传感器。
9.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力车辆(1)，其特征在于，能量储存装置(12)是飞轮(12)，耦接装置(11)包含无级变速器(10)及离合器装置(11)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力车辆(1)，其特征在于，引擎(2)连接到第一轮轴(5)，飞轮(12)连接到车辆的第二轮轴(7)。
11.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力车辆(1)，其特征在于，引擎(2)和飞轮(12)通过共同的动力传动***均连接到轮轴。
12.一种用于控制具有内燃机(2)和能量储存装置(12)的混合动力车辆(1)的方法，包括以下步骤：在车辆运行中，检测车辆运行条件，打开引擎(2)的节气门(15)并使能量储存装置(12)耦接到车辆(1)的动力传动***(9)。
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