CN101739838B - Determination method for continuously setting speed limit signs at roadside of general road - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a determination method for continuously setting speed limit signs at roadsides of general roads, which consists of determining repeated setting times and repeated setting optimum spacing of the speed limit signs at roadsides. The continuously setting of the speed limit signs at the roadsides refers to the traffic environment of general roads, is determined according to the traffic characteristic parameters such as the visual and cognitive characteristic parameter of a driver, the road characteristic parameter, the ratio of heavy cars and the like, and particularly has the following steps: acquiring relative parameters of general roads and traffic conditions, and obtaining the visual and cognitive characteristic parameter of the driver; calculating the probability of dodging the visual and cognitive speed limit signs sight of drivers in small cars in fast lanes by heavy cars in kerb lanes; determining the times of the repeated setting of the speed limit signs at the roadsides; and calculating the minimum and the maximum spacing of the repeated setting of the speed limit signs at the roadsides and determining the optimum spacing of the repeated setting. The invention can realize the purpose of improving the effectiveness of the speed limit sign setting at the roadsides of the general roads and speed managing efficiency. The invention is simple and particle, and has strong operability and effectiveness.

Description

A kind of determination method for continuously setting speed limit signs at roadside of general road

Technical field

The present invention relates under the common road traffic environment; According to driver's vision and cognitive characteristics parameter, roadway characteristic parameter, traffic characteristic parameter; Confirm the continuous setting of roadside speed limit; The continuous setting of roadside speed limit comprise confirm roadside speed limit repeat to be provided with number of times and the optimal spacing that repeats to be provided with, to reach the validity that improves roadside speed limit signs on ordinary road and be provided with, the purpose that improves the common road speed of a motor vehicle efficiency of management.Belong to the highway traffic safety field.

Background technology

Highway in China traffic troubled water is serious, and speed of a motor vehicle discreteness is bigger, and highway traffic safety has received and having had a strong impact on.Genetic analysis according to road traffic accident can find, drives over the speed limit, runs at high speed, speed is discrete is the major incentive that present highway in China traffic hazard takes place.The speed of a motor vehicle control effectively becomes the safe important countermeasure that improves highway communication.

Through being provided with at trackside that speed(-)limit sign comes to the driver speed-limiting messages in highway section, the place ahead to be provided is a kind of speed of a motor vehicle control device that vehicle supervision department the most often adopts.About the driver looking of roadside speed limit recognized; Possibly run into following two kinds of situation, a kind of driver of being situation such as energy dispersion occur and misses traffic sign when obtaining speed(-)limit sign information, and the initiative that is referred to as the driver is missed; Another kind is because oversize vehicle is more; The sight line that the car driver observes roadside speed limit is blocked by oversize vehicle, has missed and has looked the time of recognizing roadside speed limit, and the passivity that is referred to as the driver is missed.Driver's initiative is missed to miss with passivity and is all made it fail in time to look the information of recognizing speed(-)limit sign, thereby fails to take the measure of slowing down accordingly, causes the generation of traffic hazard easily.Yet the common road speed(-)limit sign is provided with in the standard " the highway traffic sign graticule is provided with guide " of institute's foundation at present, fails to propose to confirm that with regard to being provided with continuously of roadside speed limit it repeats number of times is set and the computing method that repeat to be provided with optimal spacing.According to the traffic design theory of " people-oriented ",, all should give driver's's one " fault-tolerant " chance no matter be that driver's initiative is missed or passivity is missed.Therefore, be necessary to consider the problem that is provided with continuously of roadside speed limit signs on ordinary road, promptly confirm roadside speed limit repeat number of times is set and repeats to be provided with spacing.

Through inventor's discovery that studies for a long period of time, speed(-)limit sign is the carrier of vehicle supervision department and driver's interactive information, and the information that speed(-)limit sign provided needs determine its operation behavior then through driver's sensation, consciousness and judgement.And the driver is looking the influence that often receives unique characteristics, road, traffic and environmental baseline when recognizing speed(-)limit sign information.Therefore; Consider driver's the vision and the continuous method to set up of speed(-)limit sign of traffic characteristic parameters such as cognitive characteristics parameter, roadway characteristic parameter and cart ratio if can set up a cover; Then can reduce the generation that the driver misses the roadside speed limit situation; Improve the validity and the warning of roadside speed limit, and then can improve the traffic safety status of common road.

Summary of the invention

Technical matters: fundamental purpose of the present invention provides a kind of roadside speed limit determination method for continuously setting that is suitable for common road; Comprise confirm roadside speed limit repeat to be provided with number of times and the optimal spacing that repeats to be provided with; The present invention can recognize characteristic with looking of driver and cognitive behavior adapts; Can effectively avoid the driver to miss the generation of roadside speed limit situation, and can consider that speed(-)limit sign is provided with problem, pointed strong advantage continuously to the different roads and the transportation condition of highway.

Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the determination method for continuously setting speed limit signs at roadside of general road that the present invention proposes is:

1) gather common road road and transportation condition correlation parameter, described common road road and transportation condition correlation parameter comprise that road number of track-lines, lane width, shoulder width, road side are to clearance and cart ratio; Obtain driver's vision, cognitive characteristics parameter; Said vision, cognitive characteristics parameter comprise: the driver to time of perceiveing of speed(-)limit sign, recognize read time, driver's horizontal visual angle, driver's absolute visual field scope; The driver is to the short-term memory retention time of speed(-)limit sign

2) according to the driver to time of perceiveing of speed(-)limit sign, recognize read time, driver's horizontal visual angle, driver's absolute visual field scope, and the driver confirms driver's perceiveing apart from s speed(-)limit sign to the short-term memory retention time of speed(-)limit sign ₁, read apart from s ₂, marks obliterated is apart from m and sign distance of visual cognition S,

3) according to cart travel speed and dolly travel speed, adopt the kerb lane cart that fast lane dolly driver is looked the computing method of blocking probability of recognizing the roadside speed limit sight line, confirm the probability that blocks of cart,

4) according to the kerb lane cart fast lane dolly driver is looked the probability that blocks of recognizing the roadside speed limit sight line, calculate the driver available the looking of roadside speed limit recognized time T _AvailableNeglect most and recognize time T _MinIf the driver recognizes time T to available the looking of roadside speed limit _AvailableLess than neglecting most of roadside speed limit recognized time T _Min, then need repeat to be provided with, and adopt roadside speed limit to repeat to be provided with the computing method of number of times roadside speed limit, confirm the number of times that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with, look and recognize the available of roadside speed limit and look the time of recognizing to prolong the driver,

5) based on the short-term memory retention time of driver to speed(-)limit sign, adopt roadside speed limit to repeat to be provided with the computational methods of spacing, confirm minimum and maximum spacing that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with, and definite roadside speed limit optimal spacing of repeating to be provided with.

According to above basic ideas, determination method for continuously setting speed limit signs at roadside of general road is proposed:

1, driver's perceiveing to speed(-)limit sign apart from s ₁, read apart from s ₂, marks obliterated apart from the computing method of m and sign distance of visual cognition S is:

1.1) according to vehicle average overall travel speed V before the starting point of speed limit highway section ₁With the perceive time t of driver to speed(-)limit sign ₁, confirm the perceive distance of driver to speed(-)limit sign $s_1=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}{3.6}\&times;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_1;$

1.2) according to vehicle average overall travel speed V before the starting point of speed limit highway section ₁With the driver speed(-)limit sign recognized read time t ₂, confirm that the driver reads distance to recognizing of speed(-)limit sign $s_2=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}{3.6}\&times;t_2;$

1.3) according to the number of track-lines N and the lane width W in speed limit highway section, confirm vehicle and trackside runway edge line apart from d ₂=(N/2-0.5) * W;

1.4) according to the trackside clearance d of speed(-)limit sign ₁, vehicle and trackside runway edge line apart from d ₂, driver and track center line offset distance d ₃And driver's horizontal view angle theta, confirm that the driver looks the speed(-)limit sign disappearance distance of recognizing speed(-)limit sign $m=\frac{d}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&theta;}}=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="d"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_1+d_2+d_3}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&theta;}};$

1.5) confirm the distance of visual cognition of driver according to driver's absolute visual field scope and travel safety to roadside speed limit:

1. apart from d, the maximum vision range α of driver, driver speed(-)limit sign recognized read time t according to the cross side of roadside speed limit and driver's sight line plane discrepancy in elevation Δ H, roadside speed limit and driver's sight line ₂, the driver is to the reaction time t of speed(-)limit sign ₄, definite distance of visual cognition of considering driver's dynamic vision characteristic $S_{}$ ${}_1=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}{3.6}\&times;t+\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{\&Delta;}{H}^2+d^2}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&alpha;}}};$

2. recognize before marks obliterated with the driver that to run through speed(-)limit sign information be principle, confirm to consider the distance of visual cognition of driver's driving safety $S_2=m+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="s"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}_1+s_2=\frac{d}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&theta;}}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="s"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}_1+s_2;$

3. the driver recognizes looking of speed(-)limit sign and need satisfy above two aspect requirements simultaneously, can confirm the end value of distance of visual cognition $S=\mathrm{Max}\{\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}{3.6}\&times;t+\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{\&Delta;}{H}^2+d^2}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&alpha;}}},\frac{d}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&theta;}}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="s"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}_1+s_2\};$

2, the kerb lane cart is looked the computing method of blocking probability of recognizing the roadside speed limit sight line to fast lane dolly driver and is:

2.1) the dolly driver looks the visual range of recognizing speed(-)limit sign for finding point to the marks obliterated point from sign, total allowing looked and recognized time T _Fair=(S-m)/V _Little, V _LittleBe little vehicle speed; In t '=0 constantly simultaneously, dolly drives to sign and finds point,

2.2) according to common road kerb lane cart width B, fast lane dolly travel speed V _LittleAnd dolly driver distance of visual cognition S calculate t ' moment kerb lane cart block fast lane dolly driver look recognize speed(-)limit sign apart from length do

2.3) according to cart travel speed V _GreatlyAnd the cart ratio, adopt the Poisson distribution principle in the traffic flow theory, calculate allowing to look and recognize time T _FairIn, the time that cart blocks does

2.4) confirm T _FairInterior fast lane dolly driver of time looks the sight line of recognizing roadside speed limit and by the probability that the kerb lane cart blocks is done

3, roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with the computing method of number of times and is:

3.1) miss according to the driver and to look the probability P of recognizing roadside speed limit ₀Recognize time T with allowing to look _Fair, confirm that it is T that the driver looks the pot life of recognizing speed(-)limit sign _Available=T _Fair-T _Fair* P ₀,

3.2) confirm that the driver recognizes time T to neglecting most of roadside speed limit _MinBe its time of perceiveing t to roadside speed limit ₁With recognize read time t ₂Sum,

3.3) make roadside speed limit repeat to be provided with k time, k=0,1,2,3...N, N are the number of times that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with, and initially establish k=0,

3.4) repeat to be provided with once, i.e. k=k+1,

3.5) look the disappearance of recognizing roadside speed limit in the roadside speed limit process according to the driver apart from m and driver distance of visual cognition S to roadside speed limit, once repeat to be provided with roadside speed limit before confirming after the driver allow to look the time

of recognizing roadside speed limit

3.6) probability P of being blocked by the kerb lane cart according to every roadside speed limit ₀, confirm to repeat to be provided with the probability that probability that sight line that k back fast lane dolly driver look to recognize roadside speed limit still continues to block by the kerb lane cart is all blocked by cart for the speed(-)limit sign of all settings, promptly $P_k=\underset{k=0}{\overset{k}{\mathrm{\&Pi;}}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_0,$

3.7) according to repeating to be provided with the probability P that sight line that k back fast lane dolly driver look to recognize roadside speed limit is still continued to block by the kerb lane cart _k, confirm that the driver looks and recognize the available of roadside speed limit and look the time of recognizing

3.8) if

then is back to 3.4); Otherwise the times N that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with is current k value.

4, roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with the computing method of spacing and is:

4.1) minimum of roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing

Just can find that second roadside speed limit is principle in the driver visual field when disappearing with first roadside speed limit, it is Δ D that the minimum of confirming roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing _Min=S-m,

4.2) maximum of roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing

1. according to the memory retention time T of driver, confirm the operating range L '=V of vehicle in the driver remembers the retention time to roadside speed limit ₁* T;

2. before first roadside speed limit end point, recognize running through flag information with the driver, and the storage of the information of carrying out short-term memory; When short-term memory had decayed, the driver found that second roadside speed limit is principle, and it is Δ D that the maximum of confirming roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing _Max=S+L '-m,

4.3) get the roadside speed limit minimum and repeat to be provided with spacing and be its optimal spacing that repeats to be provided with the maximum intermediate value that repeats to be provided with spacing, confirm that the optimal spacing that repeats to be provided with of roadside speed limit is: Δ D=(Δ D _Min+ Δ D _Max)/2, and round numbers.

Beneficial effect:

The present invention is according to driver's vision and cognitive characteristics parameter; Traffic characteristic parameters such as roadway characteristic parameter such as road Cross Section track composition, design size parameter and cart ratio are confirmed the continuous setting of roadside speed limit, have improved the validity that roadside speed limit is provided with.

1, confirms the continuous setting of roadside speed limit according to driver's vision and cognitive characteristics parameter; Embodied the traffic design theory of " people-oriented "; Can reduce the generation that the driver misses the roadside speed limit situation; Improve the validity and the warning of speed(-)limit sign, and then improve the traffic safety status of common road.

2, considered the road and the transportation condition in the set highway section of speed(-)limit sign, can effectively avoid to consider that to the different roads and the transportation condition of highway speed(-)limit sign is provided with the defective of problem continuously in the existing related specifications.

Description of drawings

The process flow diagram of Fig. 1 for confirming that roadside speed limit signs on ordinary road is provided with continuously;

Fig. 2 looks the synoptic diagram of recognizing process for the driver to roadside speed limit;

Fig. 3 recognizes the roadside speed limit disappearance distance calculation synoptic diagram in the roadside speed limit process for the driver looks;

Fig. 4 repeats to be provided with the calculating synoptic diagram of spacing for the roadside speed limit minimum;

Fig. 5 repeats to be provided with the calculating synoptic diagram of spacing for the roadside speed limit maximum;

Fig. 6 repeats to be provided with the calculation flow chart of number of times for roadside speed limit;

Fig. 7 is an example highway section cross-sectional design dimensional drawing.

Embodiment

The determination method for continuously setting speed limit signs at roadside of general road that the present invention proposes is:

1) gather common road road and transportation condition correlation parameter, described common road road and transportation condition correlation parameter comprise that road number of track-lines, lane width, shoulder width, road side are to clearance and cart ratio; Obtain driver's vision, cognitive characteristics parameter; Said vision, cognitive characteristics parameter comprise: the driver to time of perceiveing of speed(-)limit sign, recognize read time, driver's horizontal visual angle, driver's absolute visual field scope; The driver is to the short-term memory retention time of speed(-)limit sign

2) according to the driver to time of perceiveing of speed(-)limit sign, recognize read time, driver's horizontal visual angle, driver's absolute visual field scope, and the driver confirms perceiveing apart from s of driver to the short-term memory retention time of speed(-)limit sign ₁, read apart from s ₂, marks obliterated is apart from m and sign distance of visual cognition S,

3) according to cart travel speed and dolly travel speed, adopt the kerb lane cart that fast lane dolly driver is looked the computing method of blocking probability of recognizing the roadside speed limit sight line, confirm the probability that blocks of cart,

4) according to the kerb lane cart fast lane dolly driver is looked the probability that blocks of recognizing the roadside speed limit sight line, calculate the driver available the looking of roadside speed limit recognized time T _AvailableNeglect most and recognize time T _MinIf the driver recognizes time T to available the looking of roadside speed limit _AvailableLess than neglecting most of roadside speed limit recognized time T _Min, then need repeat to be provided with, and adopt roadside speed limit to repeat to be provided with the computing method of number of times roadside speed limit, confirm the number of times that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with, look and recognize the available of roadside speed limit and look the time of recognizing to prolong the driver,

5) based on the short-term memory retention time of driver to speed(-)limit sign, adopt roadside speed limit to repeat to be provided with the computational methods of spacing, confirm minimum and maximum spacing that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with, and definite roadside speed limit optimal spacing of repeating to be provided with.

According to above basic ideas, determination method for continuously setting speed limit signs at roadside of general road:

1, the driver's perceives apart from s ₁, read apart from s ₂, marks obliterated apart from the computing method of m and sign distance of visual cognition S is:

1.1) according to vehicle average overall travel speed V before the starting point of speed limit highway section ₁With the perceive time t of driver to speed(-)limit sign ₁, confirm the perceive distance of driver to speed(-)limit sign $s_1=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}{3.6}\&times;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_1;$ Vehicle average overall travel speed V before the starting point of speed limit highway section ₁Can obtain through the traffic observation procedure of this professional domain; The driver is to the time of the perceiveing t of speed(-)limit sign ₁Can consult from the 21st page of the red quiet Master's thesis of the model that Southeast China University in 2007 publish " driver's dynamic vision characteristic and to the influence research of intersection capacity " and obtain, be 400ms;

1.2) according to vehicle average overall travel speed V before the starting point of speed limit highway section ₁With the driver speed(-)limit sign recognized read time t ₂, confirm that the driver reads distance to recognizing of speed(-)limit sign $s_2=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}{3.6}\&times;t_2;$ The driver recognizes read time t to speed(-)limit sign ₂Can from " Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streetsand Highways " (2003 editions) that Highway Administration of the United States Federal publishes, consult and obtain, confirm that according to the number of words on the roadside speed limit board, text type and complexity of Chinese character the driver is 1.1s to the read time of recognizing of speed(-)limit sign;

1.3) according to the number of track-lines N and the lane width W in speed limit highway section, confirm vehicle and trackside runway edge line apart from d ₂=(N/2-0.5) * W; The number of track-lines N in speed limit highway section and lane width W can measure through the traffic of this professional domain;

1.4) according to the trackside clearance d of speed(-)limit sign ₁, vehicle and trackside runway edge line apart from d ₂, driver and track center line offset distance d ₃And driver's horizontal view angle theta, confirm that the driver looks the speed(-)limit sign disappearance distance of recognizing speed(-)limit sign $m=\frac{d}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&theta;}}=\frac{d_1+d_2+d_3}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&theta;}};$ According to " highway technical standard " (JTGB01-2003); The general employing of common road below the one-level is wide to be the earth shoulder of 0.75～1.5m; And " the highway traffic sign graticule is provided with guide " regulation; Roadside sign plate outer rim should be less than 0.25m apart from the curb edge, here the trackside clearance d of speed(-)limit sign ₁For shoulder width and roadside sign plate outer rim apart from the curb edge sum, get 1.8m; Consider that China's vehicle is left handle drive, get the offset distance d of driver and track center line ₃Be 0.45m; Consulting the 14th page of the Master's thesis " driver's sight line inducing installation is provided with reasonable distance research " of the Peng Wuxiong that driver's horizontal view angle theta can be published from Wuhan University of Technologys in 2007 and obtain, is 15 °;

1.5) confirm the distance of visual cognition of driver according to driver's absolute visual field scope and travel safety to roadside speed limit:

1. look apart from d, the maximum vision range α of driver, driver according to the cross side of roadside speed limit and driver's sight line plane discrepancy in elevation Δ H, roadside speed limit and driver's sight line and recognize sign required time t; The computing method of crossing driver's distance of visual cognition in new third-class " traffic engineering " of writing in limit that adopt People's Transportation Press to publish in 1984, definite distance of visual cognition of considering driver's dynamic vision characteristic $S_1=\frac{V_1}{3.6}\&times;t+\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{\&Delta;}{H}^2+d^2}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&alpha;}}};$ Roadside speed limit and driver's sight line plane discrepancy in elevation Δ H can consult from " highway technical standard " (JTG B01-2003) and obtain, and are 1.3m; The maximum vision range α of driver can obtain from field range and the speed of a motor vehicle relation according to the driver; In order to read traffic sign; The maximum deviation angle of driver's optical axis is 10 °, and this moment, cone edge was positioned on the direction of traffic, to the visibility extreme difference of traffic sign.Move 5 ° and work as optical axis deviation angle, the traffic sign visibility is best, and it is in 30 ° that the driver recognizes angular range to looking of speed(-)limit sign, and getting the maximum vision range α of driver is 15 °; The driver looks and recognizes sign required time t and for the driver speed(-)limit sign recognized read time t ₂With reaction time t ₄Sum is 2.6s;

2. recognize before marks obliterated with the driver that to run through speed(-)limit sign information be principle, confirm to consider the distance of visual cognition of driver's driving safety $S_2=m+s_1+s_2=\frac{d}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&theta;}}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="s"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}_1+s_2;$

3. the driver recognizes looking of speed(-)limit sign and need satisfy above two aspect requirements simultaneously, can confirm the end value of distance of visual cognition $S=\mathrm{Max}\{\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}{3.6}\&times;t+\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{\&Delta;}{H}^2+d^2}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&alpha;}}},\frac{d}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&theta;}}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="s"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}_1+s_2\};$

2, the kerb lane cart is looked the computing method of blocking probability of recognizing the roadside speed limit sight line to fast lane dolly driver and is:

2.1) the dolly driver looks the visual range of recognizing speed(-)limit sign for finding point to the marks obliterated point from sign, total allowing looked and recognized time T _Fair,=(S-m)/V _Little, V _LittleBe little vehicle speed; At the initial time of t '=0, dolly drives to sign and finds point simultaneously,

2.2) according to common road kerb lane cart width B, fast lane dolly travel speed V _LittleAnd dolly driver distance of visual cognition S calculate t ' moment kerb lane cart block fast lane dolly driver look recognize speed(-)limit sign apart from length do

2.3) according to cart travel speed V _GreatlyAnd the cart ratio, adopt the Poisson distribution principle in the traffic flow theory, calculate allowing to look and recognize time T _FairIn, the time that cart blocks does

Cart travel speed V _GreatlyCan obtain through the traffic observation method of this professional domain; The cart ratio is the ratio that cart occupies in all vehicles of traffic flow, can obtain through the traffic observation method of this professional domain; Consult the 13rd page of " traffic flow theory " that Poisson distribution principle in the traffic flow theory can be write from the Wang Dianhai that People's Transportation Press 2002 publishes and obtain;

2.4) confirm T _FairInterior fast lane dolly driver of time looks the sight line of recognizing roadside speed limit and by the probability that the kerb lane cart blocks is done

Promptly recognize time T allowing to look _FairThe time T that interior cart blocks _RetainingShared number percent.

3, roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with the computing method of number of times and is:

3.1) miss according to the driver and to look the probability P of recognizing roadside speed limit ₀Recognize time T with allowing to look _Fair, confirm that it is T that the driver looks the pot life of recognizing speed(-)limit sign _Available=T _Fair-T _Fair* P ₀,

3.2) confirm that the driver recognizes time T to neglecting most of roadside speed limit _MinBe its time of perceiveing t to roadside speed limit ₁With recognize read time t ₂Sum,

3.3) make roadside speed limit repeat to be provided with k time, k=0,1,2,3...N, N are the number of times that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with, and initially establish k=0,

3.4) repeat to be provided with once, i.e. k=k+1,

3.5) look the disappearance of recognizing roadside speed limit in the roadside speed limit process according to the driver apart from m and driver distance of visual cognition S to roadside speed limit, once repeat to be provided with roadside speed limit before confirming after the driver allow to look the time

of recognizing roadside speed limit

3.6) probability P of being blocked by the kerb lane cart according to every roadside speed limit ₀, confirm to repeat to be provided with the probability that probability that sight line that k back fast lane dolly driver look to recognize roadside speed limit still continues to block by the kerb lane cart is all blocked by cart for the speed(-)limit sign of all settings, promptly $P_k=\underset{k=0}{\overset{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="k\; P"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">k</figure-callout>}}{\mathrm{\&Pi;}}}{P}_{}{}_0,$

3.7) according to repeating to be provided with the probability P k that sight line that k back fast lane dolly driver look to recognize roadside speed limit is still continued to block by the kerb lane cart, confirm that the driver looks available look the time of recognizing

of recognizing roadside speed limit

3.8) if

then is back to 3.4); Otherwise the times N that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with is current k value.

4, roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with the computing method of spacing and is:

4.1) minimum of roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing

Just can find that second roadside speed limit is principle in the driver visual field when disappearing with first roadside speed limit; Be the discovery point that first roadside speed limit end point is second roadside speed limit, it is Δ D that the minimum of confirming roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing _Min=S-m,

4.2) maximum of roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing

1. according to the memory retention time T of driver, confirm the operating range L '=V of vehicle in the driver remembers the retention time to roadside speed limit ₁* T; Consult the 107th page of " cognitive psychology " that can write from Wang Su, the Wang Ansheng that BJ University Press 2006 publishes and obtain, get 15s;

2. before first roadside speed limit end point, recognize running through flag information with the driver, and the storage of the information of carrying out short-term memory; When short-term memory has decayed; The driver finds that second roadside speed limit is principle, promptly after first roadside speed limit end point, through 15s; Vehicle arrives the discovery point of second roadside speed limit, and it is Δ D that the maximum of confirming roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing _Max=S+L '-m,

4.3) get the roadside speed limit minimum and repeat to be provided with spacing and be its optimal spacing that repeats to be provided with the maximum intermediate value that repeats to be provided with spacing, confirm that the optimal spacing that repeats to be provided with of roadside speed limit is: Δ D=(Δ D _Min+ Δ D _Max)/2, and round numbers.

In conjunction with accompanying drawing 5, invention is further specified:

Example: the common road highway section of selecting a certain two-way Four-Lane Road is a research object of the present invention, and road section is formed shown in accompanying drawing 5.Suppose that every lane capacity is 1800pcu/h/ln, saturation degree is 0.7, and track 1 dolly average velocity is 60km/h, and track 2 cart average velocitys are 40km/h, and the cart ratio is 60%.The place ahead, highway section speed of a motor vehicle speed limit is 30km/h.

1, confirms that the driver looks the correlation parameter of recognizing process to roadside speed limit

1.1) perceive apart from s ₁=(60/3.6) * 0.4=6.67m;

1.2) recognize and read apart from s ₂=(60/3.6) * 1.1=18.33m;

1.3) vehicle location and track edge line apart from d ₂=(N/2-0.5) * W=(4/2-0.5) * 3.75=5.625m;

1.4) disappear apart from m:d=1.8+3.75+3.75 * 0.5+0.45=7.875m, disappear apart from m=d/tan15 °=29.39m;

1.5) distance of visual cognition S:

1. from driver's dynamic vision characteristic aspect, distance of visual cognition $S_{}$ ${}_1=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="H2009102324095E00042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}{3.6}\&times;t+\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{\&Delta;}{H}^2+d^2}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&alpha;}}}=58.75m;$

2. from driver's driving safety aspect, distance of visual cognition S ₂=m+s ₁+ s ₂=29.39+6.67+18.33=54.39m;

By 1., 2., get the two maximal value, obtain distance of visual cognition S=58.75m.

2, confirm that the kerb lane cart looks the probability that blocks of recognizing the roadside speed limit sight line to fast lane dolly driver

2.1) driver looks the permission time T of recognizing roadside speed limit _Fair:

T _Fair=(S-m)/V _Little=(58.75-29.39)/(60/3.6)=1.76s;

2.2) kerb lane cart arrival rate λ: according to kerb lane cart ratio and total wheel traffic, and by the vehicle conversion factor of traffic engineering, the reduction coefficient of getting cart and dolly is respectively 2 and 1, confirms the arrival rate of kerb lane cart $\mathrm{\&lambda;}=\frac{1800\&times;0.7}{2+2/3}=473$ / h;

2.3) confirm t ' moment kerb lane cart block fast lane dolly driver look recognize roadside speed limit apart from length for

2.4) cart blocks probability P ₀: block method for calculating probability according to cart, confirm the probability P that speed(-)limit sign is blocked by cart ₀=0.152.

3, confirm whether roadside speed limit need repeat the number of times that is provided with and repeats to be provided with

3.1) driver looks the pot life T that recognizes roadside speed limit _Available: T _Available=T _Fair-T _Fair* P ₀=1.49s;

3.2) driver looks the shortest time T that recognizes roadside speed limit _Min: T _Min=t ₁+ t ₂=1.5s;

3.3) because T _Available＜T _MinSo the setting that repeats of roadside speed limit need be carried out in the example highway section;

3.4) get roadside speed limit and repeat to be provided with number of times k=0.Because T _Available＜T _Min, therefore, repeat to be provided with once, i.e. k=1;

3.5) recomputate the dolly driver and look the permission time T of recognizing roadside speed limit _Fair ¹:

3.6) recomputate the probability P of blocking of cart ₁: the probability that two speed(-)limit signs are all blocked by cart is P ₁=P ₀* P ₀=0.023;

3.7) driver looks the pot life T that recognizes speed(-)limit sign _Available ¹:

is that the example highway section only needs speed(-)limit sign repeated to be provided with can guarantee once that the driver can look and recognize roadside speed limit information.

4, confirm the optimal spacing that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with

4.1) confirm that the minimum of roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing: Δ D _Min=S-m=58.75-29.39=29.36m rounds and is 30m;

4.2) confirm that the maximum of roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with separation delta D _Max:

1. confirm the operating range L ' of vehicle in the driver remembers the retention time: L '=V ₁* T=(60/3.6) * 15=250m;

2. the maximum of confirming roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing: Δ D _Max=S+L '-m=58.75+250-29.39=279.39m rounds and is 280m;

4.3) confirm that the optimal spacing that repeats to be provided with of roadside speed limit is Δ D=(Δ D _Min+ Δ D _Max)/2=(30+280)/2=155m.

Claims (1)

1. a determination method for continuously setting speed limit signs at roadside of general road is characterized in that, the concrete steps of said method are:

1.1) gather common road road and transportation condition correlation parameter, described common road road and transportation condition correlation parameter comprise that road number of track-lines, lane width, shoulder width, road side are to clearance and cart ratio; Obtain driver's vision, cognitive characteristics parameter; Said vision, cognitive characteristics parameter comprise: the driver to time of perceiveing of speed(-)limit sign, recognize read time, driver's horizontal visual angle, driver's absolute visual field scope; The driver is to the short-term memory retention time of speed(-)limit sign

1.2) according to the driver to time of perceiveing of speed(-)limit sign, recognize read time, driver's horizontal visual angle, driver's absolute visual field scope, and the driver confirms perceiveing apart from s of driver to the short-term memory retention time of speed(-)limit sign ₁, read apart from s ₂, marks obliterated is apart from m and sign distance of visual cognition S,

1.3) according to cart travel speed and dolly travel speed, adopt the kerb lane cart that fast lane dolly driver is looked the computing method of blocking probability of recognizing the roadside speed limit sight line, confirm the probability that blocks of cart,

1.4) according to the kerb lane cart fast lane dolly driver is looked the probability that blocks of recognizing the roadside speed limit sight line, calculate the driver available the looking of roadside speed limit recognized time T _AvailableNeglect most and recognize time T _MinIf the driver recognizes time T to available the looking of roadside speed limit _AvailableLess than neglecting most of roadside speed limit recognized time T _Min, then need repeat to be provided with, and adopt roadside speed limit to repeat to be provided with the computing method of number of times roadside speed limit, confirm the number of times that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with, look and recognize the available of roadside speed limit and look the time of recognizing to prolong the driver,

1.5) according to the short-term memory retention time of driver to speed(-)limit sign; Adopt roadside speed limit to repeat to be provided with the computing method of spacing; Confirm minimum and maximum spacing that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with, and definite roadside speed limit optimal spacing of repeating to be provided with

The driver perceives apart from s ₁, read apart from s ₂, marks obliterated apart from the computing method of m and sign distance of visual cognition S is:

2.1) according to vehicle average overall travel speed V before the starting point of speed limit highway section ₁With the perceive time t of driver to speed(-)limit sign ₁, confirm the perceive distance of driver to speed(-)limit sign

2.2) according to vehicle average overall travel speed V before the starting point of speed limit highway section ₁With the driver speed(-)limit sign recognized read time t ₂, confirm that the driver reads distance to recognizing of speed(-)limit sign

2.3) according to the number of track-lines N and the lane width W in speed limit highway section, confirm vehicle and trackside runway edge line apart from d ₂=(N/2-0.5) * W;

2.4) according to the trackside clearance d of speed(-)limit sign ₁, vehicle and trackside runway edge line apart from d ₂, driver and track center line offset distance d ₃And driver's horizontal view angle theta, confirm that the driver looks the speed(-)limit sign disappearance distance of recognizing speed(-)limit sign D is the cross side distance of roadside speed limit and driver's sight line;

2.5) confirm the distance of visual cognition of driver according to driver's absolute visual field scope and travel safety to roadside speed limit:

1. apart from d, the maximum vision range α of driver, driver speed(-)limit sign recognized read time t according to the cross side of roadside speed limit and driver's sight line plane discrepancy in elevation Δ H, roadside speed limit and driver's sight line ₂, the driver is to the reaction time t of speed(-)limit sign ₄, definite distance of visual cognition of considering driver's dynamic vision characteristic

T recognizes the sign required time for the driver looks;

2. recognize before marks obliterated with the driver that to run through speed(-)limit sign information be principle, confirm to consider the distance of visual cognition of driver's driving safety $S_2=m+s_1+s_2=\frac{d}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&theta;}}+s_1+s_2;$

3. the driver recognizes looking of speed(-)limit sign and need satisfy above two aspect requirements simultaneously, can confirm the end value of distance of visual cognition $S=\mathrm{Max}\{\frac{V_1}{3.6}\&times;t+\sqrt{\frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;\; H}}^2+d^2}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&alpha;}}},\frac{d}{\mathrm{Tan}\mathrm{\&theta;}}+s_1+s_2\};$

The kerb lane cart is looked the computing method of blocking probability of recognizing the roadside speed limit sight line to fast lane dolly driver:

3.1) the dolly driver looks the visual range of recognizing speed(-)limit sign for finding point to the marks obliterated point from sign, total allowing looked and recognized time T _Fair=(S-m)/V _Little, V _LittleBe little vehicle speed; In t '=0 constantly simultaneously, dolly drives to sign and finds point,

3.2) according to common road kerb lane cart width B, fast lane dolly travel speed V _LittleAnd dolly driver distance of visual cognition S calculate t ' moment kerb lane cart block fast lane dolly driver look recognize speed(-)limit sign apart from length do D is the cross side distance of roadside speed limit and driver's sight line,

3.3) according to cart travel speed V _GreatlyAnd the cart ratio, adopt the Poisson distribution principle in the traffic flow theory, calculate allowing to look and recognize time T _FairIn, the time that cart blocks does

3.4) confirm T _FairInterior fast lane dolly driver of time looks the sight line of recognizing roadside speed limit and by the probability that the kerb lane cart blocks is done P ₀For missing, the driver looks the probability of recognizing roadside speed limit, T _FairFor allowing to look the time of recognizing;

The computing method that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with number of times are:

4.1) miss according to the driver and to look the probability P of recognizing roadside speed limit ₀Recognize time T with allowing to look _Fair, confirm that it is T that the driver looks the pot life of recognizing speed(-)limit sign _Available=T _Fair-T _Fair* P ₀,

4.2) confirm that the driver recognizes time T to neglecting most of roadside speed limit _MinBe its time of perceiveing t to roadside speed limit ₁With recognize read time t ₂Sum,

4.3) make roadside speed limit repeat to be provided with k time, k=0,1,2,3...N, N are the number of times that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with, and initially establish k=0,

4.4) repeat to be provided with once, i.e. k=k+1,

4.5) look the disappearance of recognizing roadside speed limit in the roadside speed limit process according to the driver apart from m and driver distance of visual cognition S to roadside speed limit, once repeat to be provided with roadside speed limit before confirming after the driver allow to look the time of recognizing roadside speed limit

V _LittleBe little vehicle speed,

4.6) probability P of being blocked by the kerb lane cart according to every roadside speed limit ₀, confirm to repeat to be provided with the probability that probability that sight line that k back fast lane dolly driver look to recognize roadside speed limit still continues to block by the kerb lane cart is all blocked by cart for the speed(-)limit sign of all settings, promptly

4.7) according to repeating to be provided with the probability P that sight line that k back fast lane dolly driver look to recognize roadside speed limit is still continued to block by the kerb lane cart _k, confirm that the driver looks and recognize the available of roadside speed limit and look the time of recognizing

4.8) if

then is back to 4.4); Otherwise the times N that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with is current k value;

The computing method that roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing are:

5.1) minimum of roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing

Just can find that second roadside speed limit is principle in the driver visual field when disappearing with first roadside speed limit, it is Δ D that the minimum of confirming roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing _Min=S-m,

5.2) maximum of roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing

1. according to the memory retention time T of driver, confirm operating range the L '=V of vehicle in the driver remembers the retention time to roadside speed limit ₁* T, V ₁Be vehicle average overall travel speed before the starting point of speed limit highway section,

2. recognize before first roadside speed limit end point with the driver and run through flag information; And the information of carrying out short-term memory storage; When short-term memory had decayed, the driver found that second roadside speed limit is principle, and it is Δ D that the maximum of confirming roadside speed limit repeats to be provided with spacing _Max=S+L '-m,

5.3) get the roadside speed limit minimum and repeat to be provided with spacing and be its optimal spacing that repeats to be provided with the maximum intermediate value that repeats to be provided with spacing, confirm that the optimal spacing that repeats to be provided with of roadside speed limit is: Δ D=(Δ D _Min+ Δ D _Max)/2, and round numbers.

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