CN101739511A - Safety assessment method for ecological system of emission-reducing forest - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety assessment method for an ecological system of an emission-reducing forest and belongs to the field of technology and method for ecological system monitoring and ecological safety assessment. The method realizes multi-level and multi-angle monitoring and assessment for the coordinated development of the ecological system of the emission-reducing forest by integrating and combining RS, GPS, CAD and other technology and sets forth a safety precaution threshold of the emission-reducing forest by establishing a safety monitoring and assessment index system of the ecological system of the emission-reducing forest and building an assessment model. The method of the invention reflects all safety indexes of the ecological system of the emission-reducing forest and can comprehensively and systematically reflect objective characteristics and change rule of the ecological system and guide the practice of the sustainable development of the carbon dioxide emission-reducing forest.

Description

A kind of safety assessment method for ecological system of emission-reducing forest

Technical field

The present invention has announced a kind of method of ecological system of emission-reducing forest safety evaluation, belongs to the monitoring of the ecosystem and the technology and method field of ecological security assessment.

Background technology

Under the whole world change background, the acting in conjunction of nature and human factor, making the ecosystem take place a series of is not the variation of transfer with people's wish, variation characteristic and Changing Pattern for the objective grasp ecosystem, the integrated information of ecosystem safety case in time is provided, give full play to ecological functions, social function and the Economic Function of particular ecosystem, must carry out comprehensive angles of science monitoring long-term, system the ecosystem." millennium ecosystem assessment plan " that UN starts (MA), for the research work that promotes the ecosystem field on the different scale levels such as the whole world, zone, country and place, carrying out the primitiveness data of the ecosystem obtains, collects, analyzes and innovate, the intension of understanding of science ecological safety and characteristics, set up the general modfel of representative region ecological security assessment index system and disaster early warning system, have important practical significance.

Ecology is the biological functional relationship that is shown with formed structure and this structure of its environment, and shows by the difference of flow of material, energy stream and information flow.Safety is the most basic a kind of among the basic human needs, says simply, and environment (ecology) safety is meant that depend on for existence the ecologic environment of development of human and country is in a kind of kilter that is not subjected to environmental pollution and ecological disruption harm.Country's ecological safety is meant that ecologic environment can adapt to the state of national economy and social development needs.Safety and risk are opposed and exist, and say from the general extent, and safety is meant the degree of protection of research object for the expectation value state, prevent the reliability that nonideal uncertainty event takes place in other words conj.or perhaps; In other words, the notion of " safety " is the state that individuality or system are not encroached on and destroy.Ecological safety can be described as aspects such as human being's production, life and health and is not subjected to effect and situations such as ecological disruption and environmental pollution.

In ecological safety, the ecological environment security of country becomes the important component part of international political relation, and simultaneously, biological safety is also important further, and receives much concern.The bio-safety of the invasion of adventitious species and transgenosis material has obtained people from all walks of life's attention gradually.The end of the year 2000; in " national ecological environmental protection outline " issued by the State Council; the notion of national ecological safety has been proposed; emphasize that the natural ecosystems by water, soil, atmosphere, forest, careless ocean, biotic component are material bases that the mankind depend on for existence, develop, national ecological safety is meant that country's ecology and the required living environment of development are in the state of not being damaged and threatening.It has natural quality, area attribute and origin cause of formation diversity and complicacy and characteristics such as comprehensive.When referring to problems of ecological security, we also usually mention " ecosystem health " this notion, and it is late 1970s that this notion results from, and are the notions that proposes under the background that degenerating generally appears in the Global Ecological system.Rapport etc. (1979) have proposed the thought of ecosystem medical science, for ecosystem health conception development and evaluation on Ecosystem Health thereof have played vital role.Schaeffer etc. (1988) have proposed rule and the method estimated.Kart (1993) thinks that because human excessive interference has caused the degeneration of the ecosystem, ecosystem health is exactly ecological integrality, and takes the lead in setting up and having used in to the evaluation in river biological integrality index.Propositions such as nineteen ninety-five Mageau, the healthy ecosystem should have vigor, restoring force and the sense of organization.Say in a sense, ecosystem health can think the ecosystem have stable, continuable, can keep necessarily recovering plasticity and self-repairing capability, a kind of state that the function threshold value of the ecosystem is not broken to coercing the factor.Rapport in 1998 etc. are summarized as the notion of ecosystem health " is an ecosystem state, the conditioned disjunction performance that standard defines to meet suitable target ".That is, ecosystem health should comprise the intension of two aspects, and the first satisfies the ability of human society reasonable request, and it two is abilities that the oneself of the ecosystem own keeps and upgrades.

From the flow of research of ecological evaluation, mainly contain ecosystem state evaluation of living in and ecosystem service function evaluation.The former mainly is the initial stage in ecological evaluation research, ecological problem just attracts much attention, therefore people's special concern such as forest ecosystem, Agro-ecological System, the residing state of urban ecological system have been carried out the research of the various states of the reflection ecosystem such as environmental quality assessment to the ecosystem, safety evaluation, risk assessment, continuation evaluation, degradation evaluation, fragility evaluation, diversity evaluation, early warning evaluation, effect of project evaluation, health assessment.Though the latter proposes in the seventies in 20th century, just really become the focus and the forward position of current ecological study up to now.Ecosystem evaluation as a key areas of ecological evaluation, is formed at the forest ecosystem administrative evaluation of the U.S., combines with Canadian ecosystem zoning theory subsequently and grows up in the continent, North America.The ecosystem evaluation of rising in the continent, North America has produced profound influence to All Around The World.And for the ecological safety of artificial carbon dioxide discharge-reduction woods and the evaluation of sustainability, then still be blank.

At present, planting trees to reduce discharging is acknowledged as most economical, effective, the most direct absorption CO2, alleviates the approach of greenhouse effect.Afforestation is improving ecology, is safeguarding environment as a major action of China's improvement of the ecological environment, promotes resource, environment, society, sustainable economic development aspect to have important practical significance.China National Petroleum Corporation has carried out large-scale CO2 since calendar year 2001 and has planted trees and reduce discharging practice and experimental study, has finished scale afforest 100,000 mu and auxiliary facility construction, and through preresearch estimates, the CO2 uptake reaches ten thousand tons of 200-500.And Xinjiang is located in innerland, the Central Asia, and the oceanic tide wet gas current is difficult to arrive, and has formed the arid center in Asia.Here weather conditions are abominable, high and cold, high temperature, high evaporation, wind is many, how saline and alkaline rain is few,, bio-diversity composition poorness, and material cycle, energy Flow and information transfer capacity are low, the ecosystem is extremely fragile, and problems such as distribution of water resources inequality, the secondary salinization of soil in soil are outstanding.Reduce discharging practice through tree planting in a few years in the area, Kelamayi, observation data shows, the forest zone vegetation is being brought into play important effect aspect solid carbon, simultaneously, because the limiting factor of the natural conditions that landlocked arid biogeographic zone is special, the reduction of discharging woods of artificial growth is to the exploitation of water resource and the utilization of land resource, spatial and temporal distributions to surface water and groundwater resource, regional soil cover type and soil physico-chemical property etc. all there is a series of influence, and under the fragile ecology condition of west area, the change of partial habitat and the adjustment of resource distribution have also all caused influence to a certain degree to ecosystem stability and region ecology safety.This shows that scale reduces discharging the development in forest land, has begun so far progressively to show its limitation, is faced with problems such as water and soil resources sustainable use and ecological safety.

Ecological safety is the 21 century significant problem that faced of human social.It is healthy that the ecosystem self is wanted, and keep its integrality and sustainability, just can provide perfect and stable ecology service for the mankind.Domestic scholars is by having set up index system and evaluation criterion that region ecology safety is estimated, the PSR frame model has been made extended model, formulated region ecology safety assessment indicator system conceptual framework, set up the region ecology safety assessment indicator system, utilization step analysis-change power-fuzzy-grey correlation composite model is estimated region ecology safety, sets forth the principle of design and the method for region ecology safety general layout.Also have the scholar to propose the geography method that region ecology safety is estimated, think that geographical zonality should be the basic norm of region ecology safety research, the ecosystem of view (land type) can be used as the objective standard of region ecology safety research, the view degree of degeneration is the important indicator of region ecology safety, and the three has constituted the scientific basic that region ecology safety is estimated jointly.Adopting analytical hierarchy process and entropy power method to determine the weight of these factors after selecting degree of safety to estimate the factor, comprehensively is them combining weights with minimum information entropy principle relatively again.

In the process that the ecosystem develops, some ecological risks are inevitable, and some ecological disruptions are irreversible, in case surmounted " threshold value " that the environment that feedback mechanism allowed self of the ecosystem is repaired, often cause irretrievable loss.In addition, ecological recovery has the characteristics of chronicity, be in the time and pay the ecocrisis that the great number cost just can be tackled appearance economically.

The frontier of CNPC's CO2 ground emission-reduction technology practice has been opened up in the construction in reduction of discharging project district, is its concrete manifestation of initiatively bearing social responsibility.But the project of reduction of discharging district harsh climate condition, poor soil matrix, strong salinization of soil makes the ecosystem extremely fragile, problems such as distribution of water resources inequality, the secondary salinization of soil in soil are outstanding.Tree planting through in a few years reduces discharging practice; the forest zone is in to the performance great role of solid carbon aspect; because surface water and phreatic spatial and temporal distributions; a series of influences such as soil cover type and soil physico-chemical property, thus the construction that makes scale reduce discharging the forest land faces the problem of water and soil resources sustainable use.The CO2 plant absorbing reduces discharging the stable and safety of ecology in forest zone, is directly connected to it and whether can realizes sustainable development, really reach its project construction purpose, so this research just seems very necessary.

Principle and method according to subjects such as landscape ecology, ecological water literature, soil science and resources sciences, by reducing discharging forest zone surface water resources feature and Changing Pattern, reasonable ecological water level and water demand for natural service amount define and monitoring water environment and artificial regulatory, disclose the spatial-temporal characteristics that reduces discharging the forest zone water resource; By dynamic change of water salt and feedback analysis mutually, analysis of water and soil coupled relation driving force and landscape process are illustrated and are reduced discharging forest zone water and soil coupled relation the Response Mechanism research of water and soil key element; On this basis, make up by reducing discharging forest zone ecological security assessment index system, reduce discharging forest zone ecological safety early warning and venture analysis and reduce discharging forest zone water and soil resources sustainable use model study, explore the method and the approach of arid biogeographic zone carbon dioxide discharge-reduction forest zone ecological safety and sustainable development, be of great immediate significance.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the method that proposes a kind of ecosystem safety evaluation at the deficiency that prior art exists.

The present invention is a kind of safety assessment method for ecological system of emission-reducing forest, it is characterized in that comprising following method:

A) landscape ecology analytical approach

A.) ecoscape information Recognition and classification obtain the attribute data of each view type;

B.) with step a.) attribute data of described each view type analyzes through view index space-time characteristic, obtains landscape pattern's information;

B) common ecological credit analysis method

1.) use ecosystem dynamic monitoring method, obtain the characteristic that reduces discharging woods;

2.) step 1.) multivariate data that obtains analyzes, and obtains the relevant ecological security information;

3.) based on to step 2.) the ecological safety information obtained, determine the ecological security assessment factor;

4.) with step 3.) described each ecological safety factor gives weight respectively;

5.) according to step 4.) definite ecological safety factor weight, divide the ecological safety level of factor that participates in evaluation and electing, and obtain common ecological information;

C) ecological security assessment method

α .) according to step b.) described landscape pattern information and step 5.) described common ecological information, make up ecological safety index (ESD);

β .) determine the ecological security assessment standard;

χ .) determine ecosystem safe class;

Wherein said ecological safety information refers to reflect that the ecosystem is whether healthy, coordination and the nature of invariant feature and the situation of humane key element; Ecoscape information is meant the nature relevant with ecology on the reflection landscape scale and the situation of humane key element.

The research and development that ecosystem safety assessment system makes up have important theory and are worth and realistic meaning.Under technical supports such as RS, GIS and GPS, set up ecosystem monitoring and evaluation and safety pre-warning system under the different physical geographic environments, for energy-saving and emission-reduction, improvement of the ecological environment and socio-economic development are significant.At reducing discharging forest zone physical geography background and ecosystem situation,, formulate the index system of ecological security assessment, as shown in Figure 2 based on the intension and the characteristics of ecological safety.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: ecological security assessment method of the present invention and approach figure

Fig. 2: the mode chart of the biological ecological system of emission-reducing forest safety of the present invention

Fig. 3: the present invention reduces discharging woods ecological security assessment index system figure

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 1.A kind of ecological information expression method of the present invention is characterized in that comprising the steps:

A kind of safety assessment method for ecological system of emission-reducing forest is characterized in that comprising following method:

A) landscape ecology analytical approach

A.) ecoscape information Recognition and classification obtain the attribute data of each view type;

B.) with step a.) attribute data of described each view type analyzes through view index space-time characteristic,

Obtain landscape pattern's information;

B) common ecological credit analysis method

1.) use ecosystem dynamic monitoring method, obtain the characteristic that reduces discharging woods;

2.) step 1.) multivariate data that obtains analyzes, and obtains the relevant ecological security information;

3.) based on to step 2.) the ecological safety information obtained, determine the ecological security assessment factor;

4.) with step 3.) described each ecological safety factor gives weight respectively;

5.) according to step 4.) definite ecological safety factor weight, divide the ecological safety level of factor that participates in evaluation and electing, and obtain common ecological information;

C) ecological security assessment method

α .) according to step b.) described landscape pattern information and step 5.) described common ecological information, make up ecological safety index (ESD);

β .) determine the ecological security assessment standard;

χ .) determine ecosystem safe class;

Wherein said ecological safety information refers to reflect that the ecosystem is whether healthy, coordination and the nature of invariant feature and the situation of humane key element; Ecoscape information is meant the nature relevant with ecology on the reflection landscape scale and the situation of humane key element.

The arid biogeographic zone natural conditions are harsh, and the upgrowth situation that manually reduces discharging woods directly is subjected to the influence of weather, landform, landforms, soil, hydrologic(al) regime, and the upgrowth situation that manually reduces discharging woods is closely related with ecological safety again.Under technical supports such as RS, GIS and GPS, set up arid biogeographic zone and manually reduce discharging woods monitoring and evaluation and safe early warning pattern, have important theory and be worth and realistic meaning.

(1) makes up the ecological security assessment model

As shown in Figure 2, on the basis of Research on Index System, the principle of number of applications theory, fuzzy mathematics theory, the theory of dissipative structures and gray system theory and method, the model of structure ecological security assessment, and, determine to carry out the reference model of ecological security assessment by the model calibration.

$\mathrm{EFI}=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{WiIi}}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{Wi}}$

EFI is ecological fragility index in the following formula, Wi be the sensitive factor weight (i=1,2 ... 20).

Or ESD=(1-EFI) * 10

(2) formulate the ecological security assessment grade scale

As shown in Figure 3, EFI is ecological fragility index in the following formula, Wi be the sensitive factor weight (i=1,2 ... 20).

According to the mechanism and the performance characteristic of ecological safety, and relevant eco-environmental quality evaluation criterion, the normative reference (table 1) of formulation ecological security assessment needs in conjunction with nature, society and economic situation it to be carried out necessary adjustment in practice.

Table 1 reduces discharging woods ecological security assessment grade scale

The ecological safety grade	The ESD exponential quantity	The ecological safety degree
			??I	?ESD＞9	Safety
??II	?7＜ESD≤9	Safer
			??III	?5＜ESD≤7	Generally Recognized as safe
??IV	?ESD≤5	Dangerous

(3) analyze the ecological security assessment result

By gathering the artificial reduction of discharging information such as ground condition and upgrowth situation of standing in great numbers, particularly under the constraint of Eco-security Index System, use pattern and method that ESD estimates, carry out quantitatively and qualitative evaluation reducing discharging woods, evaluation result shows, artificial reduction of discharging woods totally is in the Generally Recognized as safe state, and the standing forest that is in unsafe condition occupies suitable ratio.

The further tending management measure of strengthened artificial, at different standing forest ecological safety situations, by the analysis-by-synthesis of ecological safety index, science is taked the manual intervention strategy, is to safeguard to reduce discharging the woods structure, ensures its function, brings into play the important channel of its ecological effect.

Claims (1)

1. safety assessment method for ecological system of emission-reducing forest is characterized in that comprising following method:

A) landscape ecology analytical approach

A.) ecoscape information Recognition and classification obtain the attribute data of each view type;

B.) with step a.) attribute data of described each view type analyzes through view index space-time characteristic, obtains landscape pattern's information;

B) common ecological credit analysis method

1.) use ecosystem dynamic monitoring method, obtain the characteristic that reduces discharging woods;

2.) step 1.) multivariate data that obtains analyzes, and obtains the relevant ecological security information;

3.) based on to step 2.) the ecological safety information obtained, determine the ecological security assessment factor;

4.) with step 3.) described each ecological safety factor gives weight respectively;

5.) according to step 4.) definite ecological safety factor weight, divide the ecological safety level of factor that participates in evaluation and electing, and obtain common ecological information;

C) ecological security assessment method

α .) according to step b.) described landscape pattern information and step 5.) described common ecological information, make up ecological safety index (ESD);

β .) determine the ecological security assessment standard;

χ .) determine ecosystem safe class;

Wherein said ecological safety information refers to reflect that the ecosystem is whether healthy, coordination and the nature of invariant feature and the situation of humane key element; Ecoscape information is meant the nature relevant with ecology on the reflection landscape scale and the situation of humane key element.

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