A kind of metal plastic deformation and crystallization experiment left-right turning screw rod stretcher specially again
Technical field
The present invention relates to test special-purpose drawing machine field, particularly relate to a kind of metal plastic deformation and crystallization experiment left-right turning screw rod stretcher specially again.
Background technology
According to State Education Commission's syllabus requirement, in colleges and universities' industry science specialty, especially in Materials Processing Engineering specialty or the experimental teaching of mechanical engineering professional undergraduate, every undergraduate will carry out one " metal plastic deformation with crystallization experiment " again.Carry out the experiment of " metal plastic deformation and crystallization again " performance test at the fine aluminium thin slice below a millimeter at material thickness, employed a kind of special-purpose drawing machine, mainly aluminium flake is carried out the stretching of different distortion degree, by after annealing and the cleanup acid treatment, can observe macrostructure's form of crystallization more significantly after stretching.From experiment as can be known, very high to the requirement of aluminium flake sample deformation accuracy of measurement in the stretcher strain process, must at the uniform velocity could make drawing effect satisfied in the drawing process, the influence of result of experiment human factor is bigger, and this type of experiment teaching effect is not satisfactory always for a long time.
In the current experiments teaching process, some colleges and universities generally all are to use nonstandard self-control dextrorotation drawing machine, this aluminium flake degree of deformation drawing machine is owing to deflection control accuracy when stretching is low, and deflection is repeated relatively poor, single-ended stretching can cause also that the crystallization two ends are inhomogeneous again, can not require to realize accurate distortion and stretch in strict accordance with experimental teaching; Because deflection when stretching and speed control are difficult, so it is bigger to produce the error of deflection, more can not realize the described metal plastic deformation of experiment purpose and the theoretical rule of crystallization more fully, experiment effect is undesirable, can't realize the instructional objective and the requirement of " theory and combining reality, theoretical direction reality ".
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of metal plastic deformation and crystallization experiment left-right turning screw rod stretcher specially again, can very satisfy present education experiment requirement objectively, can reflect experimental result well, and the classical theory of evidence aluminium flake " plastic yield and crystallization again ".
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of metal plastic deformation and crystallization experiment left-right turning screw rod stretcher specially again are provided, comprise electrical control part, the lead screw transmission part, mechanical driving part and aluminium flake holder part, described lead screw transmission partly comprises stepper motor, spring coupling, bearing seat, about revolve ball-screw, the left-handed precompressed nut of ball-screw, ball-screw dextrorotation precompressed nut and supporting base bearing, wherein, revolve about described left-handed precompressed nut of described ball-screw and ball screw dextrorotation precompressed nut are housed on the ball-screw, revolve two ends, the ball-screw left and right sides about described a described bearing seat is respectively arranged, the supporting base bearing is arranged in the described bearing seat, the main shaft of described stepper motor by spring coupling with described about revolve ball-screw and be connected; Described stepper motor is connected with stepper motor segmentation device with the controllor for step-by-step motor of electrical control part respectively; Described mechanical driving part comprises the displacement telemeter rod, connects securing member, mechanical drive pedestal, accurate line slideway, anchor clamps worktable and stepper motor support, wherein, the extension bar of described displacement telemeter rod links to each other with described anchor clamps worktable by described connection securing member, described anchor clamps worktable links to each other with slide block on the described accurate line slideway, described accurate line slideway links to each other with described mechanical drive pedestal, and described stepper motor support links to each other with described mechanical drive pedestal; Described mechanical drive pedestal places on the electric appliance control box of described electrical control part; Described stepper motor support links to each other with described stepper motor; Described anchor clamps worktable links to each other with described precompressed nut; The chuck body of described aluminium flake holder part is installed on the described anchor clamps worktable.
Described metal plastic deformation also comprises manual rotation hand wheel and spline assembly with the mechanical driving part of crystallization experiment left-right turning screw rod stretcher specially again, and wherein, described manual rotation hand wheel is installed in an end that revolves ball screw about described; Described spline assembly is installed in and revolves on the ball screw about described, and between described manual rotation hand wheel and bearing seat.
Described metal plastic deformation links to each other with sensor with the displacement telemeter rod of crystallization experiment left-right turning screw rod stretcher specially again, and described sensor shows that with the displacement of described electrical control part number implement links to each other.
On the chuck body of described metal plastic deformation and crystallization experiment left-right turning screw rod stretcher specially again clamp system assembly handle is installed; A workpiece left side is housed in the described chuck body clamps voussoir and the right voussoir that clamps of workpiece.
The mechanical driving part of described metal plastic deformation and crystallization experiment left-right turning screw rod stretcher specially again is connected the location by the register pin that is connected of electrical control part with described electric appliance control box; Described connection register pin is at the upper surface of described electric appliance control box.
Described metal plastic deformation is connected with described accurate line slideway top shoe by bolt with the anchor clamps worktable of crystallization experiment left-right turning screw rod stretcher specially again; Described accurate line slideway is connected with described mechanical drive pedestal by bolt; Described stepper motor is connected with described stepper motor support by bolt; Described stepper motor support is connected with described mechanical drive pedestal by bolt; Described chuck body is connected with described anchor clamps worktable by bolt.
Beneficial effect
Owing to adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention compared with prior art, have following advantage and good effect: 1, at metal plastic deformation again in the crystallization experiment process, degree of deformation control aspect can be precisely controlled, especially when the critical point of aluminium flake sample deformation degree, can very obtain ultramicron control effectively; 2, can cultivate program capability at school undergraduate's PLC; 3, in the whole process of experiment, can show dynamic data and static data; 4, the clamping of aluminium flake sample is also very convenient; 5, experimental data and gross data are very identical; 6, sample draws crystallization good evenness again through two ends simultaneously; 7, the data good reproducibility of experimental result.
In sum, the present invention makes full use of the accurate step pitch corner of stepper motor, can the control stretching size in micron order; Rotate by high-precision left-right turning screw rod, the sample left and right sides that two ends are clamped outwards stretches simultaneously, and tensile force can reach very steady even when stretching is carried out; Meanwhile assembled displacement ranging rod links to each other with the anchor clamps worktable, can very accurately measure and demonstrate stretching distance, reflects the deflection that the sample drawn produces later on exactly, thereby has improved the success ratio of experiment.The aluminium flake sample that adopts the present invention to obtain, handle, stretch with after acid liquid corrosion through recrystallization annealing, because control is very accurate in deflection and the deformation process, sample aluminium flake crystallization macrostructure again covers all at one glance, test agent grain under the high-visible different distortion amount condition, difference in size is also quite obvious, and the rule in the theory is tested obtains evidence effectively, promoted the reliability of experimental result greatly, the drawing effect of sample aluminium flake in the degree of deformation process obtains teachers and students' satisfaction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an outside drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a part explosive view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is electrical control part figure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a lead screw transmission partial graph of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a mechanical drive department component of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is an aluminium flake clamp portion component of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, can know that from figure design volume of the present invention is small and exquisite, compact conformation, aesthetic in appearance, easy and simple to handle, need not to take very big space, operation is all very convenient and clear with the display area, on common experiment table, can place 10~15 simultaneously, also can make simultaneously 10~15 people operation that experimentizes.
Shown in Figure 2 is part explosive view of the present invention, and the letter of the part of drawing machine is few, reasonable in design as we know from the figure, assembly compactness, good reliability.
As shown in Figure 3 be electric appliance control box 5 of the present invention, mainly contain in the box: controllor for step-by-step motor 1, stepper motor segment device and button groups 2 thereof, can finish control on the panel of controllor for step-by-step motor 1, programme, adjust the parameter of stepper motor 10, thereby can carry out trace control and operation effectively to drawing machine easily; When drawing machine stretched, displacement showed that number implement 3 can show dynamically and the parameter of static aluminium flake stretching and the speed of stretching by very bright terrain; Power switch button 4 and supply socket 6 provide power to guarantee for whole equipment; Electric appliance control box 5 and mechanical driving part be connected register pin 7 be as with whole drawing machine in being connected of electricity and machine, mechanical driving part places on the electric appliance control box 5 by deadweight, just can guarantee that drawing machine carries out operate as normal as long as locate; Off working state shows that by the pilot lamp 8 that quits work duty is then shown by operate as normal pilot lamp 9.
As shown in Figure 4, stepper motor 10 is controlled by controllor for step-by-step motor 1 and stepper motor segmentation device, when control program that startup sets in advance, controllor for step-by-step motor 1 sends after the signal, stepper motor 10 is started working, the spindle drive of stepper motor 10 is revolved ball-screw 13 about spring coupling 11 drives rotation, thereby drive left-handed precompressed nut 14 of ball-screw and ball-screw dextrorotation precompressed nut 15 and carry out same moved further, about revolve in the bearing seat 12 at ball-screw 13 two ends supporting base bearing 16 arranged, revolving ball-screw 13 two ends about can guaranteeing can rotate very neatly, and revolving ball-screw about wherein is to revolve ball-screw about high precision.
As shown in Figure 5, can drive moving of anchor clamps worktable 23 by moving of left-handed precompressed nut 14 of ball-screw and ball-screw dextrorotation precompressed nut 15 in the mechanical driving part, the mobile extension bar of displacement telemeter rod 17 that makes of anchor clamps worktable 23 moves, connect by being connected securing member 18 between extension bar and the anchor clamps worktable 23, moving of the extension bar of displacement telemeter rod 17, significantly reflected on displacement demonstration number implement 3 by sensor, can be learnt dynamic situation of movement easily; In mechanical transmission structure, a pair of anchor clamps worktable 23 is positioned on the slide block of two secondary accurate line slideways 20, connects with bolt between them, and accurate line slideway 20 places on the mechanical drive pedestal 19, also is to connect with bolt between them; Manual rotation hand wheel 21 is arranged in the mechanical driving part, revolve ball-screw one end about it is installed in, can be standby under special circumstances, as under the non-electricity consumption situation or under the non-programming state, can use handwheel to operate; When hand dipping is carried out later in the position that aluminium flake sample 28 machines of being stretched are stretched to some settings, in order to fix its relative position, revolve the spline assembly 22 on the ball-screw 13 about can be fastening at an easy rate, so just can accurately measure the elongation of aluminium flake with the simplest means easily, wherein, spline assembly 22 is manually between rotation hand wheel 21 and the bearing seat 12; In order to guarantee the rotational stability of stepper motor 10, stepper motor 10 is connected with stepper motor support 24 by bolt, and stepper motor support 24 links to each other with mechanical drive pedestal 19 by bolt.
Tailor as shown in Figure 6, the aluminium flake sample 28 of acquisition according to the experiment regulation, place the workpiece left side of chuck body 29 to clamp in the middle of voussoir 25 and the right clamping of the workpiece voussoir 26, must put into level, can move easily and clamping by the clamp system assembly handle 27 on the chuck body 29, the aluminium flake sample is clamped very easily and unclamp, holding force can reach the needs of experiment, and chuck body 29 is to be connected with bolt with anchor clamps worktable 23.
Be not difficult to find, the present invention's clamping aluminium flake sample very easily in experiment, holding force is moderate; After stepper motor and controllor for step-by-step motor and the combination of segmentation device, can accurately realize the stretching of different percentage amounts degree of deformations by experimental needs, and be to stretch both sides to the left and right the while, revolve the effect of ball-screw about having embodied, drawing process is steady, and tensile force is even; Especially the micro-deformation in aluminium flake critical degree of deformation stage stretches, and is that other drawing machine is difficult to realize; The present invention can very accurately make sample reach the theoretical state of crystallization again, give birth to not only and can actual the doing it yourself of theory and combining test in experimental middle school, and carry out the later sample of stretching experiment through observing, proved in theory viewpoint fully about " crystallization again behind the metal plastic deformation " phenomenon; In order to set the various degree of deformations of sample, classmates have also learned to set with simple programming of PLC and control theory, the curve that data after the stretching of different distortion degree are linked to be, ideally be presented in classmates at the moment, the present invention's effect in experimental teaching is fairly obvious, and the later operation of programming is very simple, reaches robotization basically, drawing machine is safe and reliable, and numerical value shows makes the operator more very clear.The present invention makes machinery organically combine with electronic technology, and the teaching pattern of electromechanical integration obtains practice again in experiment, and the student obtains again taking exercise and distillation to the cognition of electromechanics.
The present invention has overcome many deficiencies and the inaccurate part in the single turning screw rod stretcher use of original a kind of pure machinery, revolve drawing machine about high precision, good reproducibility, precise control easily and improved the experimental teaching quality greatly, particularly fill up the blank of this type of teaching equipment on the market, firmly got academics and students' welcome.