CN101736214B - Light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a light metal surface laser impact micronano particles injection reinforcing method, comprising the following steps: 1) removing the oxide layer probably existing on the surface of the light metal by a mechanical polishing or chemical corrosion method, then grinding and polishing with sand paper, and finally cleaning the surface of the light metal alloy with acetone or alcohol; 2) precoating the micronano particles on the surface of the light metal with inorganic bonding agent, recoating a layer of black paint on the surface of the micronano particle coating layer to serve as the absorption layer of laser impact after drying, and drying naturally; 3) impacting the absorption layer and the micronano particle layer with high-energy short pulse laser, and utilizing K9 glass or running water as a restriction layer during laser impact; and 4) soaking the micronano particle coating layer processed by acetone, and then removing the absorption layer through washing with running water or ultrasonic washing to obtain the micronano particle injection reinforcing layer. The invention integrates the actions of laser impact reinforcement, nano particle reinforcement and nano particle reinforcement, can dramatically improve hardness, abrasion resistance and fatigue resistance property of light metal surface layer, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of light metal material surface modifying method, particularly about the light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing method of a kind of comprehensive laser impact effect and micro-nano granules excellent properties.
Background technology
At present; Light metal materials such as duraluminum, titanium alloy and magnesiumalloy are to use a metalloid material very widely; It has that density is little, specific tenacity is high, be prone to processing, than strong corrosion resistant property and a lot of good performances such as can be recycled, be widely used in fields such as aerospace, automobile, electrical equipment, Communication Equipment and sports equipments.The main deficiency of light metal material is that its surface hardness and wear resistance are relatively poor, thereby has limited the range of application of light metal material to a certain extent.Existing light metal material surface reinforcing method has shot peening strengthening, thermospray, plasma spraying, differential arc oxidation, laser alloying and laser melting coating or the like; Therefore these methods mostly relate to the high temperature melting process, tend to cause the defective such as light alloy melting loss of elements, pore, crackle of light metal surface and the variation of original condition of surface.Therefore, a kind of significant and wide application prospect of strengthening to light metal surface of brand-new non-melt method of development.
Summary of the invention
To the problems referred to above, the objective of the invention is to propose the light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing method of a kind of comprehensive laser impact effect and micro-nano granules excellent properties, it belongs to non-melt enhancement method.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose; The present invention takes following technical scheme: 1, a kind of light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing method; It may further comprise the steps: 1) at first remove the zone of oxidation that light metal surface possibly exist with mechanical grinding or chemical corrosion method; And then with the sand papering polishing, at last with acetone or alcohol wash surface of light metal alloy; 2) with mineral binder bond light metal surface is arrived in the micro-nano granules precoating; Said micro-nano coat-thickness is 0.1～1mm; Back to be dried is coated with the pitch-dark absorption layer as laser-impact of one deck again at said micro-nano coatingsurface, and the thickness of said absorption layer is 0.2～1mm, seasoning; 3) impact said absorption layer and micro-nano coating with the high energy short-pulse laser, during laser-impact with K9 glass or flowing water as restraint layer; 4), obtain micro-nano granules injection reinforcing layer after removing said absorption layer with flowing water flushing or ultrasonic cleaning then with said micro-nano coating after the acetone immersion treatment.
Carrying out after laser-impact handles, the said micro-nano granules injection reinforcing layer of light metal surface is being carried out subsequent heat treatment.
When in step 3), carrying out laser-impact, adopt single-point impact, multiple spot distribution impact or multiple spot overlap joint big area to impact.
Said micro-nano granules comprises wolfram varbide, titanium carbide, silit and carbon nanotube powder, and said micro-nano granules yardstick is 1～100 nanometer or 0.1～100 micron.
Said high energy short-pulse laser is that 1～100 millisecond of pulsewidth, single pulse energy are 1～100 joule Nd:YAG laser, and the laser focal spot diameter is 1～10 millimeter.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme; It has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is based on the GPa magnitude blast effect that the high energy short-pulse laser produces and the micro-nano granules that will be preset in the light metal top layer directly injects the light metal top layer; Thereby making light metal top layer composition, structural changes obtain excellent properties, is a kind of brand-new light metal surface enhancement method.2, because the laser-impact process that the present invention adopts is a kind of non-melt process, can not cause the fusing of micro-nano granules and light metal matrix, the defectives such as light element scaling loss, pore and crackle that therefore do not exist melting process to bring.3, the present invention also can adopt the heat treated standard specifications of light metal as required, and the light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing layer is carried out subsequent heat treatment, can improve the nano particle distributing homogeneity and the overall performance of strengthening layer.4, after the inventive method is handled, micro-nano granules also relatively is evenly distributed in laser treated region with good combination to the light metal top layer, and micro-nano granules injection reinforcing layer thickness can reach 5 μ m, and the laser-impact layer thickness can reach 1mm; Strengthen and the multiple strengthening effect of micro-nano granules laser enhanced shock peening based on laser impact intensified, micro-nano granules, can significantly improve the performance on light metal top layer; Light metal surface is behind laser-impact micro-nano granules injection reinforcing, and surface hardness can improve 2 times, and wear resisting property can improve more than 5 times.In sum; The present invention combines the excellent properties of laser-impact and micro-nano granules; Can be widely used in the surface strengthening of light metals such as duraluminum, magnesiumalloy and titanium alloy; There are not defectives such as light element scaling loss, pore and crackle in strengthening layer, can significantly improve hardness, wear resistance and the fatigue property on light metal top layer, has broad application prospects in fields such as aerospace, automobile, the energy, military project, electrical equipment, Communication Equipment and sports equipments.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing method synoptic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is micro-nano granules surface arrangement figure in the micro-nano injection reinforcing layer of the present invention
Fig. 3 is micro-nano granules cross-sectional distribution figure in the micro-nano injection reinforcing layer of the present invention
Fig. 4 is that the wear resisting property of micro-nano injection reinforcing layer of the present invention compares histogram
Embodiment
Ultimate principle of the present invention is comprehensive laser impact effect and micro-nano granules excellent properties; The GPa magnitude shockwave that utilizes the high energy short-pulse laser to be produced will place the micro-nano granules of light metal surface directly to inject the light metal top layer in advance; The composition and the structure of light metal skin-material are changed, thereby realize excellent surface property.
Wherein, Laser-impact be the high energy pulse light laser that utilizes short pulse (tens of nanosecond order), high-energy (tens of joules of magnitudes) (peak power reaches GW magnitude/cm2) see through restraint layer (this layer be a light transmission medium) to shine on the absorption layer, and absorption layer absorption laser energy is vaporized rapidly, the formation high pressure (＞1GPa), high temperature (＞10000K) plasma body; The plasma expansion blast; Act on metallic surface, and in metal, induce the shockwave of propagating to metal inside, when the peak pressure of shockwave is higher than the dynamic yield strength of metal; Viscous deformation will take place in the metallic surface; Form intensive dislocation structure in the metallic surface, and in certain depth range (being about 1 millimeter), introduce residual compressive stress, thereby can improve hardness of metal materials, wear resistance, anti-fatigue performance and anti-fretting fatigue performance.Laser-impact has been applied to the reinforcement of aircraft engine blade, can obviously improve the fatigue lifetime of blade.
Micro Nano material possesses small-size effect, surface effects, quantum effect, macro quanta tunnel effect and special optics, magnetics, calorifics, mechanics and chemical property, has application development potentiality widely.Micro-nano powder has been applied in the materials processing technology more and more, in traditional material processing technique, uses micro Nano material can effectively improve processing characteristics usually.But micro-nano powder is easy to fusing because specific surface energy is high, and fusing point is lower with respect to the material of macro-size in relating to the pyritous course of processing, often lose most of nanometer performance after solidifying.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is carried out detailed description.
As shown in Figure 1, light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1, at first remove the zone of oxidation that light metal (like duraluminum, titanium alloy or magnesiumalloy etc.) surface possibly exist with mechanical grinding or chemical corrosion method, and then with the sand papering polishing, at last with acetone or alcohol wash surface of light metal alloy;
2, with mineral binder bond light metal surface is arrived in the micro-nano granules precoating; Micro-nano coat-thickness is 0.1～1mm; Back to be dried is coated with the pitch-dark absorption layer as laser-impact of one deck again at micro-nano coatingsurface, and the thickness of absorption layer is 0.2～1mm, seasoning;
3, impact above-mentioned absorption layer and micro-nano coating with the high energy short-pulse laser, during laser-impact with K9 glass or flowing water as restraint layer; Can single-point during laser-impact impact, multiple spot distributes and impacts or multiple spot overlap joint big area is impacted;
4, with micro-nano coating after the acetone immersion treatment, then with obtaining micro-nano granules injection reinforcing layer behind flowing water flushing or the ultrasonic cleaning removal absorption layer;
5, adopt the heat treated standard specifications of light metal as required; Micro-nano granules injection reinforcing layer to carrying out laser-impact processing back light metal surface carries out subsequent heat treatment, to improve the micro-nano granules distributing homogeneity and the overall performance of micro-nano granules injection reinforcing layer.
Above-mentioned stating in the method, micro-nano granules comprise non-carbide particles such as wolfram varbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC), silit carbide particles such as (SiC) and carbon nanotube powder, and the micro-nano granules yardstick is 1～100 nanometer or 0.1～100 micron.
Above-mentioned stating in the method, high energy short-pulse laser are that 1～100 millisecond of pulsewidth, single pulse energy are 1～100 joule Nd:YAG laser (nd yag doubled-frequency laser), and the laser focal spot diameter is 1～10 millimeter.
Specify content of the present invention through three embodiment below.
Embodiment 1: aluminum alloy surface laser-impact nano particle injection reinforcing method
Duraluminum has very widely to be used, but fusing enhancement method commonly used possibly cause defectives such as light element scaling loss and crackle, and the inventive method is implemented on aluminum alloy surface laser-impact nano particle injection reinforcing, and it may further comprise the steps:
(1) at first with the zone of oxidation of mechanical grinding method removal aluminum alloy surface, uses 800# abrasive paper for metallograph sanding and polishing then, use the acetone aluminum alloy surface at last;
(2) use mineral binder bond with granularity be the WC particle precoating of 100 nanometers to aluminum alloy surface, nanometer WC particle coat-thickness is 0.1mm, is coated with the pitch-dark absorption layer as laser-impact of one deck again after to be dried, the thickness of absorption layer is 0.2mm, seasoning;
(3) with above-mentioned absorption layer of high energy short pulse Nd:YAG laser-impact and nanometer WC particle coating, during laser-impact with K9 glass as restraint layer; Can single-point during laser-impact impact, multiple spot distributes and impacts or multiple spot overlap joint big area is impacted; The laser pulse pulsewidth is 10 milliseconds, and single pulse energy is 10 joules, and the laser focal spot diameter is 3 millimeters;
(4) with the nanometer WC particle coating after the acetone immersion treatment, then with obtaining nanometer WC particle injection reinforcing layer behind the flowing water flushing removal absorption layer;
(5) after laser-impact is handled, aluminum alloy specimen is carried out 430 temper.
After above-mentioned aluminum alloy surface laser-impact nano particle injection reinforcing method is handled; The nanometer WC particle can good combination arrive the duraluminum top layer; Relatively be evenly distributed in laser treated region (as shown in Figure 2), nanometer WC particle injection reinforcing layer thickness can reach 5 μ m (as shown in Figure 3).Strengthen and the multiple strengthening effect of nanometer WC particle laser enhanced shock peening based on laser impact intensified, nanometer WC particle, can significantly improve the performance on duraluminum top layer, its surface hardness improves 2 times, and wear resisting property improves more than 5 times (as shown in Figure 4).
Embodiment 2: Mg alloy surface laser-impact micron particle injection reinforcing method
Magnesiumalloy has very widely to be used, but fusing enhancement method commonly used possibly cause defectives such as light element scaling loss, pore and crackle, and the inventive method is implemented on Mg alloy surface laser-impact micron particle injection reinforcing, and it may further comprise the steps:
(1) at first with the zone of oxidation of chemical corrosion method removal Mg alloy surface, use 900# abrasive paper for metallograph sanding and polishing then, the alcohol wash Mg alloy surface is used in last back;
(2) use mineral binder bond with granularity be 100 microns SiC particle precoating to Mg alloy surface, micron SiC particulate coating thickness is 0.5mm, is coated with the pitch-dark absorption layer as laser-impact of one deck again after to be dried, the thickness of absorption layer is 0.5mm, seasoning;
(3) with above-mentioned absorption layer of high energy short pulse Nd:YAG laser-impact and micron SiC particulate coating, during laser-impact with flowing water as restraint layer; Can single-point during laser-impact impact, multiple spot distributes and impacts or multiple spot overlap joint big area is impacted; The laser pulse pulsewidth is that 50 milliseconds, single pulse energy are 50 joules, and the laser focal spot diameter is 6 millimeters;
(4) with the micron SiC particulate coating after the acetone immersion treatment, then with obtaining micron SiC particle injection reinforcing layer behind the flowing water flushing removal absorption layer.
After above-mentioned Mg alloy surface laser-impact micron particle injection reinforcing method was handled, the micron SiC particle can good combination arrive the magnesiumalloy top layer, relatively is evenly distributed in laser treated region, and micron SiC particle injection reinforcing layer thickness can reach 3 μ m.Multiple strengthening effect based on laser impact intensified, micron SiC particle strengthening and micron SiC particle laser enhanced shock peening; Can significantly improve the performance on magnesiumalloy top layer, its surface hardness, wear resistance, anti-fatigue performance and anti-fretting fatigue performance all increase substantially.
Embodiment 3: titanium alloy surface laser-impact nano particle injection reinforcing method
Titanium alloy has very widely to be used, but fusing enhancement method commonly used possibly cause defectives such as light element scaling loss, pore and crackle, and the inventive method is implemented on titanium alloy surface laser-impact nano particle injection reinforcing, and it may further comprise the steps:
(1) at first with the zone of oxidation of mechanical grinding method removal titanium alloy surface, uses 1000# abrasive paper for metallograph sanding and polishing then, use the acetone titanium alloy surface at last;
(2) use mineral binder bond with granularity be the TiC particle precoating of 1 nanometer to titanium alloy surface, nano TiC particulate coating thickness is 1mm, is coated with the pitch-dark absorption layer as laser-impact of one deck again after to be dried, the thickness of absorption layer is 1mm, seasoning;
(3) with above-mentioned absorption layer of high energy short pulse Nd:YAG laser-impact and nano TiC particulate coating, during laser-impact with K9 glass as restraint layer; Can single-point during laser-impact impact, multiple spot distributes and impacts or multiple spot overlap joint big area is impacted; The laser pulse pulsewidth is that 100 milliseconds, single pulse energy are 100 joules, and the laser focal spot diameter is 10 millimeters;
(4) with the nano TiC particulate coating after the acetone immersion treatment, with obtaining nano TiC particle injection reinforcing layer behind the ultrasonic cleaning removal absorption layer.
After above-mentioned titanium alloy surface laser-impact nano particle injection reinforcing method was handled, the nano TiC particle can good combination arrive the titanium alloy top layer, relatively is evenly distributed in laser treated region, and nano TiC particle injection reinforcing layer thickness can reach 2 μ m.Multiple strengthening effect based on laser impact intensified, nano TiC particle strengthening and nano TiC particle laser enhanced shock peening; Can significantly improve the performance on titanium metal top layer, its surface hardness, wear resistance, anti-fatigue performance and anti-fretting fatigue performance all increase substantially.
Claims (5)
1. light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing method, it may further comprise the steps:
1) at first remove the zone of oxidation that light metal surface possibly exist with mechanical grinding or chemical corrosion method, and then with the sand papering polishing, at last with acetone or alcohol wash surface of light metal alloy;
2) using mineral binder bond is that the micro-nano granules precoating of 1～100 nanometer or 0.1～100 micron is to light metal surface with yardstick; Said micro-nano coat-thickness is 0.1～1mm; Back to be dried is coated with the pitch-dark absorption layer as laser-impact of one deck again at said micro-nano coatingsurface; The thickness of said absorption layer is 0.2～1mm, seasoning;
3) impact said absorption layer and micro-nano coating with the high energy short-pulse laser, during laser-impact with K9 glass or flowing water as restraint layer; Said high energy short-pulse laser is that 1～100 millisecond of pulsewidth, single pulse energy are 1～100 joule Nd:YAG laser, and the laser focal spot diameter is 1～10 millimeter;
4), obtain micro-nano granules injection reinforcing layer after removing said absorption layer with flowing water flushing or ultrasonic cleaning then with said micro-nano coating after the acetone immersion treatment.
2. a kind of light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: carrying out after laser-impact handles, the said micro-nano granules injection reinforcing layer of light metal surface is carried out subsequent heat treatment.
3. a kind of light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: when in step 3), carrying out laser-impact, adopt single-point impact, multiple spot distribution impact or multiple spot overlap joint big area to impact.
4. a kind of light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: when in step 3), carrying out laser-impact, adopt single-point impact, multiple spot distribution impact or multiple spot overlap joint big area to impact.
5. like claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described a kind of light metal surface laser impact micronano particle injection reinforcing methods, it is characterized in that: said micro-nano granules comprises wolfram varbide, titanium carbide, silit and carbon nanotube powder.
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