CN101734995B - Device and method for producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal - Google Patents
Device and method for producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal. The method comprises the following steps: the hydrogen coal dust is fed into a plasma reactor, enters a quenching machine for quenching after the reaction, then enters a cyclone separator for preseparation between gas and solid; the gas part enters a rinsing dust removing tower for dedusting, is sent to a compressor for compression by a booster fan, then enters a pressure swing adsorption tower for adsorption and concentration, and simultaneously, the gas out of the pressure swing adsorption tower enters the compressor again and is sent to an adsorption tower for extracting hydrogen; the solid dust separated by the cyclone separator and the rinsing dust removing tower forms solution with water; a ceramic membrane device is utilized to carry out liquid and solid separation; the solid dust is sent to a power plant to be served as raw materials; and water enters the rinsing tower for recycling. The invention has reasonable process design and high economic efficiency, can be used in combination or separately, and can be directly used in the processes for producing hydrogen chloride, acetylene ethane derivative, methanol and the derivatives and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the coal cracking technology, particularly a kind of device and method that utilizes producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal.
Background technology
Industry at present adopts the method for producing acetylene to mainly contain: calcium carbide hydrolysis method and gas by partial oxidation of natural method; Calcium carbide hydrolysis method technology is very ripe through development for many years, but due to technical process length, work under bad environment, water resource waste is large, environmental pollution is serious etc., and reason has been eliminated this technique abroad; Relatively the gas by partial oxidation of natural method will possess advantage than calcium carbide route economically with it, but must be equipped with synthetic ammonia or methanol device, and complex process equipment, fund input large, need to use a large amount of catalyzer, simultaneously because natural gas source at China's skewness, gas carries cost high, and its promotional value and economic benefit prospect are not expected yet.therefore, seeking a kind of novel process, to solve the problems referred to above extremely urgent, over nearly 20 years, along with the continuous development and improvement of plasma physics, plasma technology is at the energy, chemical industry, biological, the sciemtifec and technical spheres such as space flight are displayed for the first time lofty and steep, the chemically reactive that it is unique and high-energy characteristics, the chemical reaction that makes many traditional chemical methods be difficult to realize or just can't realize at all becomes possibility, facilitate the technical renovation of chemical field, institution of higher learning of domestic a few institute, research institute has also dropped into research to it, coal plasma pyrolysis is exactly one of them, a kind of method of gasifying coal by using plasma that Institutes Of Technology Of Taiyuan has proposed gasifying coal by using plasma technique and the detailed elaboration of device (patent No. is 200510012307.4) at this point, this method has possessed the processing requirement of coal in plasma acetylene processed, its reasonableness and economy are better than Sweet natural gas conjugated oxidation and partial oxidation process, also has the simple and catalyst-free of technique in addition, the conversion unit volume is little, less investment, the advantages such as non-environmental-pollution, thereby demonstrate the global advantage of this processing method.But draw by analysis of experiments and have following shortcoming: at first, coal dust adopts screw feeder in carrying, and powder feeding is unstable, and the coal dust amount on every pipe of especially being assigned to is seldom the time, more out of true.After entering inside reactor, stopping up can appear in the coal pipe more than two or two of its inside, there is no online dredger, can only stop test and take coal pipe apart and dredge, and can not guarantee continuous operation; Secondly, coal gasification reactor carries out middle meeting in reaction and causes the inside reactor coking, how its device does not consider coke cleaning, and coking material can be agglomerating several hours inner accumulated, until block channel of reactor, destroy the balance of reactive system, even cause the plasma generator scaling loss; Again, after system's steam and gas mixture, dust entered tornado dust collector together,, dust high due to temperature was thin, containing Steam Dust efficient can be not fine, and the internal passages that coal dust stops up whirlwind can appear in serious situation; At last, reactor is insulation, heat insulation facility not, is difficult to guarantee the inner state that is in for a long time setting, has more side reaction and produces; Under the oxidizing gas condition, the life-span of plasma generator is influential in addition, and has potential safety hazard, misoperation to be easy to occur dust explosion.Therefore, problem can not get solving, and will have a strong impact on its industrialized paces.
Summary of the invention
the object of the invention is to solve the energy consumption that in prior art, acetylene production process exists high, utilising efficiency is low, flow process is complicated, seriously polluted, and adopt the acetylene technological operation processed of plasma coal unstable, discontinuous, the reactor coking is serious, working hour is short, structure deteriorate is serious, the problems such as safety coefficient is not high, and then propose a kind of high to acetylene efficient, energy consumption is low, environmental pollution is little and plasma coal acetylene process operation processed is reliable and stable, pollution-free, technical process is short, safe, level of automation is high, energy utilization rate, the device and method of the producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal that promotional value is high.
a kind of device and method of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal comprises the equipment that following order is communicated with: reactor, quencher, cyclonic separator, water washing dedust tower, booster fan, compressor, pressure-swing absorber, interchanger, catch basin, ceramic membrane device, make the plasma body carrier with hydrogen, coal dust is sent in plasma reactor, enter the steam of quencher use atomizing with the reactant chilling complete reaction in cracking reactor after, enter again cyclonic separator and carry out gas, Gu pre-separation, its gas partly takes off dirt through the laggard entry eccysis of pre-separation chimney further the separation, clean splitting gas is delivered to compressor by booster fan and is compressed, then entering pressure-swing absorber adsorbs, concentrate, acetylene after concentrate is sent to subsequent product and processes workshop section, parse gas from pressure-swing absorber simultaneously and enter again compressor, gas after compression extracts hydrogen by adsorption tower again, a hydrogen part that extracts is returned to the plasmatorch recycling, part hydrogen out more than needed is sent to hydrogen production and consumes workshop section in addition, the solid dust that process cyclonic separator and water washing dedust tower separate, form solution with water, use again the ceramic membrane device, carry out liquid, the solid separation, isolated solid dust forms filter cake after press filtration, deliver to power plant as raw material, and isolated clean water is collected in catch basin, after cooling through interchanger, squeeze into and carry out recycling in water wash column.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, its coal dust delivery phase comprises coal dust raw material cabin, Pneumatic conveying pump, voltage control xeraphium storehouse, coal dust rare gas element fluidisation storehouse, coal dust powder feeding section, coal dust accelerating sections, medium mixing section, said apparatus connects in order, coal dust is carried steadily, for reaction provides qualified raw material.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, connect according to this as lower device in reactor assembly: plasma power supply, open arc device, plasmatorch, hydrogen generator, steam coke cleaning apparatus, mechanical decoking device, circulating cooling pump, high efficiency reactor, quenching device, guarantee to react continuously, efficiently carry out.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, the reaction follow-up system connects resolution gas surge tank, pressure-swing absorber, interchanger, cyclonic separator, water washing dedust device, water cooler, mist eliminator, membrane separation unit, settling bowl, catch basin, circulation high-pressure hydraulic pump, booster fan, compressor, condenser, hydrogen constant voltage control tank, argon gas constant pressure and constant temperature control tank, pure water storage tank according to this, the follow-up system processing is thorough, pollution-free, technical process is short.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, it controls detection system is that power supply PLC Controlling System, plasmatorch performance detecting system, unstripped gas DCS Controlling System, splitting gas on-line chromatograph analytical system, coal dust deoxygenation, drying, air conveying DCS Controlling System, synthetic gas pressure-variable adsorption are extracted acetylene and hydrogen PLC Controlling System, can accurately control, easy and simple to handle comprehensively.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, its plasma producing apparatus is the high-power plasmatorch of V-type, because V-type plasmatorch turbulent flow is obvious, linear pattern plasmatorch laminar flow is obvious, thereby coal dust more easily enters into the high-temperature zone of torch in the V-type plasmatorch, more is conducive to the conversion of coal; In addition, its plasma body flow field is fit to entering of solids very much, and reaction is easy to control, solved simultaneously shorter problem of larger life-span of torch, can reach the working time more than 1500 hours, the plasma body arc of formation is good, stability is strong, is difficult for carbon deposit on electrode.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, coke cleaning apparatus adopts reliably online mechanical decoking and steam unit, can long period, stable, the coking material of purge reactor inwall effectively, guaranteed that fundamentally this production technique can be stablized aborning, macrocyclic operation.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, its plasma electrical source is for developing the high-pressure high-power thyristor rectifier power source for this technique specially, this power is large, voltage is high, electric current is large, control the reaction times Millisecond, guarantee the technique continuous and steady operation.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, its raw material are coal dust, and fineness reaches 60 μ m-80 μ m, moisture content≤1%; Sufficient reacting, rapidly, the coal utilization rate is high.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, the power factor of its power supply are 0.6～0.7.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, quencher is chilled to 180 ℃～260 ℃ with the steam of atomizing with reactant.Guarantee the follow-up system continuous and steady operation.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, the purity acetylene after concentrate are greater than 99.5%, and the density of hydrogen that extracts is greater than 99.5%.Product purity is high, increases economic benefit.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, the coal powder conveying system coal dust enters into the speed of reactor at 20-50m/s, make coal dust fully enter into the plasma high-temperature district, improved the continuity in the art production process, stability and efficiency of energy utilization.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, coal dust are carried and to be the steady powder delivery system of superelevation, and be simple to operate, safety performance is high.
The device and method of above-mentioned a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, it is measured and diagnositc system adopts the compound TT﹠C system of high-tech; Inside reactor fluid temperature (F.T.), speed, pressure are by the enthalpy probe measurement; Gas composition in reactor is measured, adopted in gasometry, use gas chromatograph to measure; The pulverized coal particle surface temperature adopts two spectral measurement methods to measure; The pulverized coal particle velocity analysis adopts laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) to measure; Two platinum thermocouples are adopted in the temperature measuring of reactor wall and chill zone, and process acquisition by computer acquisition.By these observing and controlling means, make each processing parameter obtain constantly, effectively control, make reaction process safety, easily control.
The present invention adopts the hydrogen plasma technology to produce efficiently the acetylene product, improved the utilization ratio of coal, improved that traditional acetylene long flow path, energy consumption are high, the problem of contaminate environment, article on plasma Coal Pyrolysis acetylene technology processed reaches good matched performance simultaneously, extend simultaneously reactor operation life, improved working reliability.
The present invention can produce the multiple gases that the coal cracking produces, as: alkene, alkane, what thing of oxidation of coal etc., use capable of being combined also can be used separately, also can be directly used in and produce hydrogenchloride, produce acetylene ethene derivatives and the techniques such as methyl alcohol and derivative thereof.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
with reference to Fig. 1, the present embodiment 1 comprises the step of following order: after the plasmatorch operation, according to the temperature in reactor 1, pressure and flow on-line measurement instrument, adjust operation power gradually, after reactor 1 inner wall temperature reaches 1800K, the coal dust autofeed valve that sets is opened, fineness reaches 60-78 μ m, the coal dust of moisture content≤1% enters reactor 1 and mixes and react with the hydrogen plasma jet from feed zone through accelerating to 20-80m/s, enter the steam of quencher 2 use atomizings complete reaction in cracking reactor 1 after with the reactant chilling, cooling temperature is controlled between 90-300 ℃, enter again afterwards cyclonic separator 3 and carry out gas, Gu pre-separation, its gas partly takes off dirt through the laggard entry eccysis of pre-separation chimney 4 further the separation, clean splitting gas is delivered to compressor 6 by booster fan 5 and is compressed, then entering pressure-swing absorber 7 adsorbs, concentrate, purity after concentrate is sent to subsequent product processing workshop section greater than 99.5% acetylene by automatic control system, parse gas from pressure-swing absorber 7 simultaneously and enter again compressor 6, gas after compression extracts hydrogen by adsorption tower 7 again, the purity that extracts is returned to the plasmatorch recycling greater than 99.5% a hydrogen part, part hydrogen out more than needed is sent to hydrogen production and consumes workshop section in addition, the solid dust that process cyclonic separator 3 and water washing dedust tower 4 separate, form solution with water, again with ceramic membrane device 10, carry out liquid, the solid separation, isolated solid dust forms filter cake after press filtration, deliver to power plant as raw material, and isolated clean water is collected in catch basin 9, after cooling through interchanger 8, squeeze into and carry out recycling in water wash column,
Embodiment 2 is with the difference of embodiment 1: producer is the air film reactor, and the noncoking of efficiency guard reactor inwall ensures reactor long period, smooth running.
Embodiment 3 is with the difference of embodiment 1: producer is the moisture film reactor, can effectively prevent and treat the reactor coking, makes reactor long period, smooth running.
Embodiment 4 is with the difference of embodiment 1 or 2: coal dust advances the powder section and adopts the charging that rotates in a circumferential direction, can increase the duration of contact of coal dust and hydrogen gas plasma, increase the utilising efficiency of coal dust, the high 0.2%--2.5% of the productive rate of the organic constituent such as acetylene, ethene in resultant.
Claims (9)
1. the method for a producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, the step that comprises following order: make the plasma body carrier with hydrogen, coal dust is sent in plasma reactor, enter the steam of quencher use atomizing with the reactant chilling complete reaction in cracking reactor after, enter again cyclonic separator and carry out gas, Gu pre-separation, its gas partly takes off dirt through the laggard entry eccysis of pre-separation chimney further the separation, clean splitting gas is delivered to compressor by booster fan and is compressed, then entering pressure-swing absorber adsorbs, concentrate, acetylene after concentrate is sent to subsequent product and processes workshop section, parse gas from pressure-swing absorber simultaneously and enter again compressor, gas after compression extracts hydrogen by adsorption tower again, a hydrogen part that extracts is returned to the plasmatorch recycling, part hydrogen out more than needed is sent to hydrogen production and consumes workshop section in addition, the solid dust that process cyclonic separator and water washing dedust tower separate, form solution with water, use again the ceramic membrane device, carry out liquid, the solid separation, isolated solid dust forms filter cake after press filtration, deliver to power plant as raw material, isolated clean water is collected in catch basin, after cooling through interchanger, squeeze into and carry out recycling in water wash column, when it is characterized in that coal dust is sent into plasma reactor, coal dust enters reactor from feed zone and mixes and react with the hydrogen plasma jet through accelerating to 20-50 m/s, described quencher is chilled to 180 ℃～260 ℃ with the steam of atomizing with reactant.
2. a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal device of realizing the described method of claim 1, the device that comprises following connection: plasma power supply, open arc device, plasmatorch, hydrogen generator, steam coke cleaning apparatus, mechanical decoking device, circulating cooling pump, high efficiency reactor, quenching device, characterized by further comprising the coal dust delivery phase, comprise coal dust raw material cabin, Pneumatic conveying pump, voltage control xeraphium storehouse, coal dust rare gas element fluidisation storehouse, coal dust powder feeding section, coal dust accelerating sections, medium mixing section, said apparatus connects in order.
3. by the device of a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that reacting follow-up system and connect according to this resolution gas surge tank, pressure-swing absorber, interchanger, cyclonic separator, water washing dedust device, water cooler, mist eliminator, membrane separation unit, settling bowl, catch basin, circulation high-pressure hydraulic pump, booster fan, compressor, condenser, hydrogen constant voltage control tank, argon gas constant pressure and constant temperature control tank, pure water storage tank.
4. by the device of a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that controlling detection system is power supply PLC Controlling System, plasmatorch performance detecting system, unstripped gas DCS Controlling System, splitting gas on-line chromatograph analytical system, coal dust deoxygenation, drying, air conveying DCS Controlling System, synthetic gas pressure-variable adsorption extraction acetylene and hydrogen PLC Controlling System.
5. by the device of a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that plasma producing apparatus is the high-power plasmatorch of V-type.
6. by the device of a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that coke cleaning apparatus adopts online mechanical decoking and steam unit.
7. by the device of wooden fork profit requirement 2 described a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal, it is characterized in that plasma electrical source is the high-pressure high-power thyristor rectifier power source.
8. by the device of a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal claimed in claim 7, the power factor that it is characterized in that power supply is 0.6～0.7.
9. by the method for a kind of producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that purity acetylene after concentrate greater than 99.50%, the density of hydrogen that extracts is greater than 99.5%.
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Families Citing this family (6)
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| CN101921163B (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-10-17 | 西南化工研究设计院 | Method for removing carbon black and high polymer in preparation of acetylene by cracking natural gas with plasma |
| CN102336627A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-02-01 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Process for cracking coal hydrogen mixture by using plasma to form quenching medium |
| US11021661B2 (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2021-06-01 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Heavy fossil hydrocarbon conversion and upgrading using radio-frequency or microwave energy |
| CN104451762B (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | A kind of electric arc pyrolysis coal dust acetylene unit |
| CN111312411B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2022-10-21 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Method for preventing plasma from cracking by injecting liquefied inert gas jet |
| CN111439545A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-24 | 中国成达工程有限公司 | Safe calcium carbide conveying and caching system for super-high structure |
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