CN101728042B - Technique for treating surface of permanent magnet material - Google Patents
Technique for treating surface of permanent magnet material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating the surface of a permanent magnet material. A surface treatment method comprises the steps of chamfer angle burnishing, degreasing and oil removing, acid cleaning for rust cleaning, acid liquor activation, galvanizing rendering, and nickel plating for film forming. The method solves the problem of magnetic flux loss of the material under a hot and humid condition through multilayer plating, and can effectively reduce the magnetic flux loss of the material. Compared with a nickel plated product, the high temperature demagnetizing loss of the method is lower than 1 percent, and compared with a galvanized product, the moist heat of the method is over 500 hours, and the PCT of the method is over 96 hours.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of surface treatment of material, especially relate to the process for treating surface of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of surface treatment method that is used for permanent magnetic material.
Background technology
Application of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnetic material in recent years and development very rapidly, and the protection success or not of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material is related to one of key technology that can material apply.This material mainly is to be prepared from through powder metallurgical technique elements such as rare earth metal neodymium Nd, iron and boron.As the strongest present magnetic material, be widely used in all fields such as electroplating device, machinery, medical treatment, automobile, application prospect is very wide.
The prerequisite that Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material is used is at first to resolve the anticorrosion problem of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material.As the porous material that a kind of powder metallurgical technique is prepared from, because of rich neodymium phase wherein, neodymium iron boron principal phase and borderline phase are easy to form intercrystalline corrosion.Rear earth element nd in the neodymium iron boron powder alloy; Character is active; Make the corrosion resisting property of whole Nd Fe B alloys become very poor, very easily corrosion in damp and hot environment causes the decline or the damage of magnetic property because of corrosion failure; Have a strong impact on the useful life of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, reduced the stability and the reliability of product.The magnetic property of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material and its institutional framework have very big relation.The principal phase of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is the main source of magnet magnetic property.To coercive force contribution maximum is rich neodymium phase.Huge variation will take place in the magnetic property of material after corrosion takes place Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material.Therefore, the anticorrosion problem of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material is the subject matter that Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material need solve always.On the other hand, how to reduce the flux loss of material in electroplating process and more and more become a sharp-pointed problem.After the NdFeB material of film forming has been surveyed magnetic flux, at 150 ℃, place and cool to normal temperature after 1 hour, after such 2～3 times, survey the flux value of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material again.The variation percentage of this twice flux value is exactly the high temperature demagnetize.The high temperature demagnetize of the material that common technology is done is 2～15%.
The anti-corrosion method of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material has much at present.Electronickelling, electrogalvanizing (CN1421547A, CN1056133A) are wherein arranged, electroplate MULTI-LAYER NICKEL, copper facing (CN1514889A), several different methods such as phosphatization, electrophoretic paint.
Summary of the invention
The surface treatment method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of permanent magnetic material mainly reduces the flux loss of material, can let material under hot environment, use on the one hand in addition and does not influence the performance of material.
According to the present invention, a kind of surface treatment method of permanent magnetic material plates antiseptic property and high temperature demagnetize performance that neutral nickel improves material again through zinc-plated bottoming.Said surface treatment method comprises the steps:
(1) chamfering polishing: adopt mechanical vibration, barreling chamfering method that Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material is polished;
(2) degreasing degreasing: add sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate or NaOH and carry out degreasing degreasing;
(3) acid pickling and rust removing: add salpeter solution again and carry out acid pickling and rust removing;
(4) acid solution activation: the permanent magnetic material after the pickling is carried out activation in sulfuric acid;
(5) zinc-plated bottoming: permanent magnetic material is carried out zinc-plated bottoming in galvanizing flux;
(6) nickel plating film forming: permanent magnetic material is carried out the nickel plating film forming in nickel-plating liquid.
Wherein, galvanizing technique is can be sylvite galvanized liquid, also can be the ammonium salt galvanizing flux, and sulfate zinc plating liquid can also be alkaline zinc plating liquid.Particularly, sylvite galvanized liquid comprises potassium chloride 180～230 grams per liters, zinc chloride 50～100 grams per liters, boric acid 20～50 grams per liters; Alkaline zinc plating liquid comprises zinc oxide 8～15 grams per liters, NaOH 100～150 grams per liters; The ammonium salt galvanizing flux comprises ammonium chloride 220～280 grams per liters, zinc chloride 30～35 grams per liters; Sulfate zinc plating liquid comprises zinc sulfate 300～400 grams per liters, boric acid 30～50 grams per liters.
Wherein, nickel-plating liquid comprises single nickel salts 70～120 grams per liters, neutral complexing agent 80～160 grams per liters, sodium chloride 15～45 grams per liters, boric acid 25～55 grams per liters.Said neutral complexing agent is natrium citricum or natrium citricum and triethanolamine.
Wherein, the weight ratio R of said neutral complexing agent and nickelous sulfate is 1.5～1.3.Wherein, nickel-plating liquid also comprises 20～30 milliliters/liter of triethanolamines.
Wherein, the temperature of nickel plating is 45～55 ℃, and the pH of nickel plating is 6.5～7.5, and the time of nickel plating is 25～90 minutes.
Wherein, said nickel layer thickness is electroplated crystalline form and is column crystal at 5～30 microns, and grain size is in 5～100 nanometers.
Wherein, said galvanized layer thickness is at 2～10 microns, and grain size is in 5～15 nanometers.
Wherein, said permanent magnetic material is sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material or binding Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material.
Electrodeposited coating of the present invention surface evenly, corrosion resistance is high, the humid heat test (85 ℃ of temperature, humidity 80, relative humidity 100%) of PCT (high temperature and pressure test) 96 hours and 500 hours has good antiseptic effect.
In addition, also be a very important problem as neodymium iron boron product high temperature loss of excitation.The high temperature demagnetizing factor of surface treatment method of the present invention is below 1%, also correspondingly is lower than like product (and the high temperature demagnetizing factor of like product is 2～5%).
Embodiment
Below will combine embodiment that the present invention is further specified, embodiments of the invention only are used to technical scheme of the present invention is described, and non-limiting the present invention.
Embodiment 1
2.3 kilograms of elder generations of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm were polished in vibrating ball-mill 2 hours.Through sodium phosphate 20g/ liter, sodium carbonate 10g/ liter, after NaOH 10g/ rose degreasing degreasing, oxide on surface was removed in pickling in 1% nitric acid, washed 3 times, after 5% sulfuric acid activation, carried out zinc-plated again.Consisting of of galvanizing flux: potassium chloride 180 grams per liters, zinc chloride 50 grams per liters, boric acid 50 grams per liters, galvanized layer thickness are 2 microns, crystallite dimension 5 sodium rice.The Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material that above-mentioned preliminary treatment is intact is put into neutral nickel-plating liquid, nickel-plating liquid consist of single nickel salts 80 grams per liters, natrium citricum 104 grams per liters, sodium chloride 15 grams per liters, boric acid 55 grams per liters; PH is 7.2.Under 45 ℃ of temperature, reaction is 25 minutes in drum, and the R value is 1.3.Form coating at neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic material surface.6.5 microns of nickel coating thickness, crystallite dimension 60 sodium rice.Through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, and adhesion is fine, referring to table 1.
Embodiment 2
The binding Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm is pressed the polishing of embodiment 1 method, degreasing degreasing, acid-wash activation for 2.5 kilograms.Zinc-plated, the consisting of of galvanizing flux: zinc oxide 15 grams per liters, NaOH 150 grams per liters, galvanized layer thickness are 5 microns, crystallite dimension 15 sodium rice.Carry out nickel plating again, neutral nickel consist of single nickel salts 120 grams per liters, natrium citricum 160 grams per liters, sodium chloride 45 grams per liters, boric acid 55 grams per liters.PH is 7.0.Under 45 ℃ of temperature, reaction is 65 minutes in drum, and the R value is 1.33.Form coating at neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic material surface.15 microns of nickel coating thickness, lattice dimensions 100 nanometers, through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, adhesion is fine, referring to table 1.
Embodiment 3
The sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm is pressed the polishing of embodiment 1 method, degreasing degreasing, acid-wash activation for 2.5 kilograms.Zinc-plated, the consisting of of galvanizing flux: ammonium chloride 280 grams per liters, zinc chloride 32 grams per liters.Galvanized layer thickness is at 6 microns, lattice dimensions 15 nanometers.Carry out nickel plating again, neutral nickel-plating liquid consist of single nickel salts 70 grams per liters, natrium citricum 105 grams per liters, sodium chloride 15 grams per liters, boric acid 25 grams per liters.PH is 6.5.Under 45 ℃ of temperature, reaction is 80 minutes in drum, and the R value is 1.5.Form coating at neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic material surface.5 microns of nickel coating thickness, lattice dimensions 50 nanometers.Through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, and adhesion is fine, referring to table 1.
Embodiment 4
The sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm is pressed the polishing of embodiment 1 method, degreasing degreasing, acid-wash activation for 3.5 kilograms.Zinc-plated, the consisting of of galvanizing flux: zinc sulfate 400 grams per liters, boric acid 50 grams per liters, 10 microns of galvanized layer thicknesses, lattice dimensions 15 nanometers.Carry out nickel plating again, nickel-plating liquid consist of single nickel salts 70 grams per liters, natrium citricum 75 grams per liters, sodium chloride 15 grams per liters, boric acid 55 grams per liters, 30 milliliters/liter of triethanolamines.PH is 6.8.Under 55 ℃ of temperature, reaction is 85 minutes in drum, and the R value is 1.5.Form coating at neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic material surface.25 microns of nickel coating thickness, crystallite dimension 5 nanometers.Through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, and adhesion is fine, referring to table 1.
Embodiment 5
The binding Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm is pressed the polishing of embodiment 1 method, degreasing degreasing, acid-wash activation for 2.3 kilograms.Zinc-plated, the consisting of of galvanizing flux: potassium chloride 230 grams per liters, zinc chloride 100 grams per liters, boric acid 20 grams per liters.Galvanized layer thickness is at 6 microns, crystallite dimension 9 nanometers.Carry out nickel plating again, neutral nickel-plating liquid consist of single nickel salts 90 grams per liters, natrium citricum 110 grams per liters, sodium chloride 45 grams per liters, boric acid 30 grams per liters, 25 milliliters/liter of triethanolamines.PH is 7.5.Under 45 ℃ of temperature, reaction is 65 minutes in drum, and the R value is 1.5.Form coating at neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic material surface.16 microns of nickel coating thickness, crystallite dimension 12 nanometers, through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, adhesion is fine, referring to table 1.
Embodiment 6
The sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm is pressed the polishing of embodiment 1 method, degreasing degreasing, acid-wash activation for 2.5 kilograms.Zinc-plated, the consisting of of galvanizing flux: zinc sulfate 350 grams per liters, boric acid 30 grams per liters, 10 microns of galvanized layer thicknesses, crystallite dimension 10 nanometers.Carry out nickel plating again, nickel-plating liquid consist of single nickel salts 110 grams per liters, sodium chloride 45 grams per liters, natrium citricum 160 grams per liters, boric acid 55 grams per liters.PH is 7.5.Under 45 ℃ of temperature, reaction is 90 minutes in drum, and the R value is 1.4.Form coating at neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic material surface.30 microns of nickel coating thickness, crystallite dimension 8 nanometers, through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, adhesion is fine, referring to table 1.
Embodiment 7
The sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm is pressed the polishing of embodiment 1 method, degreasing degreasing, acid-wash activation for 2.5 kilograms.Zinc-plated, the consisting of of galvanizing flux: zinc sulfate 300 grams per liters, boric acid 40 grams per liters, 9 microns of galvanized layer thicknesses, lattice dimensions 12 nanometers.Carry out nickel plating again, nickel-plating liquid consist of single nickel salts 80 grams per liters, natrium citricum 104 grams per liters, sodium chloride 30 grams per liters, boric acid 39 grams per liters.PH is 6.8～7.2.Under 45 ℃ of temperature, reaction is 65 minutes in drum, and the R value is 1.3.Form coating at neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic material surface.15 microns of nickel coating thickness, crystallite dimension 10 nanometers, through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, adhesion is fine, referring to table 1.
Embodiment 8
The sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm is pressed the polishing of embodiment 1 method, degreasing degreasing, acid-wash activation for 2.5 kilograms.Zinc-plated, the consisting of of galvanizing flux: ammonium chloride 220 grams per liters, zinc chloride 35 grams per liters.8 microns of galvanized layer thicknesses, lattice dimensions 14 nanometers.Carry out nickel plating again, neutral nickel plating solution consist of single nickel salts 100 grams per liters, natrium citricum 130 grams per liters, sodium chloride 45 grams per liters, boric acid 55 grams per liters.PH is 7.2.Under 45 ℃ of temperature, reaction is 65 minutes in drum, and the R value is 1.3.Form coating at neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic material surface.15 microns of nickel coating thickness, lattice dimensions 40 nanometers, through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, adhesion is fine, referring to table 1.
Embodiment 9
The sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm is pressed the polishing of embodiment 1 method, degreasing degreasing, acid-wash activation for 2.5 kilograms.Zinc-plated, the consisting of of galvanizing flux: ammonium chloride 280 grams per liters, zinc chloride 30 grams per liters.8 microns of galvanized layer thicknesses, lattice dimensions 10 nanometers.Carry out nickel plating again, neutral nickel plating solution consist of single nickel salts 100 grams per liters, natrium citricum 130 grams per liters, sodium chloride 45 grams per liters, boric acid 55 grams per liters.PH is 7.2.Under 45 ℃ of temperature, reaction is 65 minutes in drum, and the R value is 1.3.Form coating at neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic material surface.15 microns of nickel coating thickness, lattice dimensions 40 nanometers, through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, adhesion is fine, referring to table 1.
Embodiment 10
The binding Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm is pressed the polishing of embodiment 1 method, degreasing degreasing, acid-wash activation for 2.5 kilograms.Zinc-plated, the consisting of of galvanizing flux: zinc oxide 8 grams per liters, NaOH 100 grams per liters, galvanized layer thickness are 5 microns, crystallite dimension 15 sodium rice.Carry out nickel plating again, neutral nickel consist of single nickel salts 120 grams per liters, natrium citricum 160 grams per liters, sodium chloride 45 grams per liters, boric acid 55 grams per liters.PH is 7.0.Under 45 ℃ of temperature, reaction is 65 minutes in drum, and the R value is 1.33.Form coating at neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic material surface.15 microns of nickel coating thickness, lattice dimensions 100 nanometers, through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, adhesion is fine, referring to table 1.
Embodiment 11
The binding Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm is pressed the polishing of embodiment 1 method, degreasing degreasing, acid-wash activation for 2.5 kilograms.Zinc-plated, the consisting of of galvanizing flux: zinc oxide 10 grams per liters, NaOH 120 grams per liters, galvanized layer thickness are 5 microns, crystallite dimension 10 sodium rice.Carry out nickel plating again, neutral nickel consist of single nickel salts 120 grams per liters, natrium citricum 160 grams per liters, sodium chloride 45 grams per liters, boric acid 55 grams per liters.PH is 7.0.Under 45 ℃ of temperature, reaction is 65 minutes in drum, and the R value is 1.33.Form coating at neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic material surface.15 microns of nickel coating thickness, lattice dimensions 100 nanometers, through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, adhesion is fine, referring to table 1.
The comparative example 1
2.3 kilograms of elder generations of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm were polished in vibrating ball-mill 2 hours.Through sodium phosphate 20g/ liter, sodium carbonate 10g/ liter, after NaOH 10g/ rose degreasing degreasing, oxide on surface was removed in pickling in 1% nitric acid, washed 3 times, after 5% sulfuric acid activation, carried out copper facing again.The Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material that above-mentioned preliminary treatment is intact is put into galvanizing flux, galvanizing flux consist of zinc sulfate 350 grams per liters, boric acid 50 grams per liters.10 microns of thickness of coating.Referring to table 1.
The comparative example 2
2.3 kilograms of elder generations of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm were polished in vibrating ball-mill 2 hours.Through sodium phosphate 20g/ liter, sodium carbonate 10g/ liter, after NaOH 10g/ rose degreasing degreasing, oxide on surface was removed in pickling in 1% nitric acid, washed 3 times, after 5% sulfuric acid activation, carried out copper facing again.The Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material that above-mentioned preliminary treatment is intact is put into galvanizing flux, galvanizing flux consist of potassium chloride 230 grams per liters, zinc chloride 100 grams per liters, boric acid 50 grams per liters.10 microns of thickness of coating.Referring to table 1.
The comparative example 3
2.3 kilograms of elder generations of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm were polished in vibrating ball-mill 2 hours.Through sodium phosphate 20g/ liter, sodium carbonate 10g/ liter, after NaOH 10g/ rose degreasing degreasing, oxide on surface was removed in pickling in 1% nitric acid, washed 3 times, after 5% sulfuric acid activation, carried out copper facing again.The Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material that above-mentioned preliminary treatment is intact is put into galvanizing flux, the consisting of of plating bath: zinc oxide 10 grams per liters, NaOH 120 grams per liters.10 microns of thickness of coating.Referring to table 1.
The comparative example 4
2.3 kilograms of elder generations of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm were polished in vibrating ball-mill 2 hours.Through sodium phosphate 20g/ liter, sodium carbonate 10g/ liter, after NaOH 10g/ rose degreasing degreasing, oxide on surface was removed in pickling in 1% nitric acid, washed 3 times, after 5% sulfuric acid activation, carried out copper facing again.The Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material that above-mentioned preliminary treatment is intact is put into nickel-plating liquid, nickel-plating liquid consist of single nickel salts 280 grams per liters, sodium chloride 45 grams per liters, boric acid 55 grams per liters.PH is 4.4.10 microns of thickness of coating, through the cross file test, coating does not rise and peels off, non-scale, adhesion is good, referring to table 1.
The comparative example 5
2.3 kilograms of elder generations of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material of ￠ 24* ￠ 15*18mm were polished in vibrating ball-mill 2 hours.Through sodium phosphate 20g/ liter, sodium carbonate 10g/ liter, after NaOH 10g/ rose degreasing degreasing, oxide on surface was removed in pickling in 1% nitric acid, washed 3 times, after 5% sulfuric acid activation, carried out copper facing again.The Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material that above-mentioned preliminary treatment is intact is put into galvanizing flux, galvanizing flux consist of zinc sulfate 350 grams per liters, boric acid 50 grams per liters.10 microns of thickness of coating.Use common nickel plating (need not neutral nickel plating technology) to electroplate the product after zinc-plated, nickel dam is at 20 microns.Through the cross file test, plating exfoliation, peeling, the adhesion extreme difference is referring to table 1.
Below, table 1 explanation is passed through the foregoing description 1～8 and comparative example 1, and the comparative example 2, and the comparative example 3, and the coating that comparative example 4 obtains carries out the experimental data of physical parameter.
Table 1
| Embodiment number | PCT (hour) | Damp and hot (hour) | High temperature demagnetize (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 96 | 500 | 0.6 |
| Embodiment 2 | 96 | 500 | 0.3 |
| Embodiment 3 | 96 | 500 | 0.8 |
| Embodiment 4 | 96 | 500 | 0.5 |
| Embodiment 5 | 96 | 500 | 0.6 |
| Embodiment 6 | 96 | 500 | 0.4 |
| Embodiment 7 | 96 | 500 | 0.5 |
| Embodiment 8 | 96 | 500 | 0.7 |
| Speed routine 9 in fact | 96 | 500 | 0.5 |
| Embodiment 10 | 96 | 500 | 0.6 |
| Embodiment 11 | 96 | 500 | 0.3 |
| The real example 1 of speeding of contrast | 24 | 48 | 0.5 |
| The comparative example 2 | 24 | 48 | 0.6 |
| The comparative example 3 | 24 | 48 | 0.3 |
| The comparative example 4 | 72 | 48 | 5 |
| The comparative example 5 | 24 | 200 | 0.6 |
Can find out by table 1; Electrodeposited coating of the present invention surface is even, and corrosion resistance is high, and PCT (high temperature and pressure test) 96 hours and while are in 85 ℃ of temperature, humidity 80; Humid heat test under relative humidity 100% condition is preferably 500 hours, therefore has good antiseptic effect.And the high temperature demagnetizing factor of surface treatment method of the present invention is below 1%, and the also corresponding high temperature demagnetizing factor that is lower than the prior art like product is 2～5%.
And the comparative example who does not adopt nickel plating technology of the present invention, it adopts the PCT of common nickel plating technology gained is 24 hours or 72 hours, and damp and hot effect is relatively poor simultaneously, is merely 48 hours or 200 hours, the effect of the present invention that is far from is good.
Need to prove that foregoing invention content and embodiment are intended to prove the practical application of technical scheme provided by the present invention, should not be construed as qualification protection range of the present invention.Those skilled in the art are in spirit of the present invention and principle, when doing various modifications, being equal to replacement or improvement.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. the surface treatment method of a permanent magnetic material, said surface treatment method comprises the steps:
(1) chamfering polishing: adopt mechanical vibration, barreling chamfering method that Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material is polished;
(2) degreasing degreasing: add sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate or NaOH and carry out degreasing degreasing;
(3) acid pickling and rust removing: add salpeter solution again and carry out acid pickling and rust removing;
(4) acid solution activation: the permanent magnetic material after the pickling is carried out activation in sulfuric acid;
(5) zinc-plated bottoming: permanent magnetic material is carried out zinc-plated bottoming in galvanizing flux;
(6) nickel plating film forming: permanent magnetic material is carried out the nickel plating film forming in nickel-plating liquid;
Wherein, said galvanizing flux is sylvite galvanized liquid, ammonium salt galvanizing flux, sulfate zinc plating liquid or alkaline zinc plating liquid;
Said nickel-plating liquid comprises single nickel salts 70～120 grams per liters, neutral complexing agent 80～160 grams per liters, sodium chloride 15～45 grams per liters, boric acid 25～55 grams per liters.
2. surface treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, said sylvite galvanized liquid comprises potassium chloride 180～230 grams per liters, zinc chloride 50～100 grams per liters, boric acid 20～50 grams per liters.
3. surface treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, said ammonium salt galvanizing flux comprises ammonium chloride 220～280 grams per liters, zinc chloride 30～35 grams per liters.
4. surface treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, said sulfate zinc plating liquid comprises zinc sulfate 300～400 grams per liters, boric acid 30～50 grams per liters.
5. surface treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, said alkaline zinc plating liquid comprises zinc oxide 8～15 grams per liters, NaOH 100～150 grams per liters.
6. surface treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the weight ratio R of said neutral complexing agent and nickelous sulfate is 1.5～1.3.
7. like claim 1 or 6 described surface treatment methods, wherein, said neutral complexing agent is natrium citricum or natrium citricum and triethanolamine.
8. surface treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the temperature of nickel plating is 45～55 ℃, and the pH of nickel plating is 6.5～7.5, and the time of nickel plating is 25～90 minutes.
9. surface treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the thickness of said nickel plating film forming is electroplated crystalline form and is column crystal at 5～30 micron, and grain size is in 5～100 nanometers.
10. surface treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the thickness of said zinc-plated bottoming is at 2～10 microns, and grain size is in 5～15 nanometers; Said permanent magnetic material is sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material or binding Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material.
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