CN101725423A - Method for operating internal combustion engine and controlling and/or adjusting device used for internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for operating internal combustion engine and controlling and/or adjusting device used for internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101725423A CN101725423A CN200910207922A CN200910207922A CN101725423A CN 101725423 A CN101725423 A CN 101725423A CN 200910207922 A CN200910207922 A CN 200910207922A CN 200910207922 A CN200910207922 A CN 200910207922A CN 101725423 A CN101725423 A CN 101725423A
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0402—Engine intake system parameters the parameter being determined by using a model of the engine intake or its components
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/0065—Specific aspects of external EGR control
- F02D41/0072—Estimating, calculating or determining the EGR rate, amount or flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/26—Pc applications
- G05B2219/2623—Combustion motor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for operating internal combustion engine and a controlling and/or adjusting device used for internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine (11) has at least one combustion chamber (15) used for guiding air (40) into the internal combustion engine (11) and an air and exhaust system (17) used for discharging exhaust from the combustion chamber (15). the method comprises: obtaining (77) the combustion chamber pressure (p) inside the combustion chamber (15) of the internal combustion engine (11); and calculating (67,95) the adjustment parameters (s1, s2, s3) used for adjusting at least one actuator (29, 33, 35) of the internal combustion engine (11) according to at least one physical parameter (mL, p2,t2,lambda) of the air (40) guided into the combustion chamber and/or the exhaust (70) discharged from the combustion chamber; and the method (71) also comprises: obtaining (85) the physical parameters (mL, p2,t2,lambda) according to the combustion chamber pressure (p).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is used to make in particular for the internal combustion engine operation of automobile, wherein internal-combustion engine have be used to make air import to internal-combustion engine at least one firing chamber and be used for comprising the following steps: to obtain to import to the air of the inside, firing chamber and/or the physical parameter of the waste gas of being discharged by the firing chamber is calculated the adjustment parameter of at least one actuator that is used to adjust internal-combustion engine in the chamber pressure of combustion in IC engine chamber interior and according at least one from the air and waste gas system of firing chamber combustion gas and described method.
Background technique
By A.Gotter, the publication that S.Pischinger writes: " the research control calculator of flexibility that is used for the software configuration with pmi-guiding of gasoline-diesel injection " (the 7th Stuttgart international automobile and the 2nd meeting of engine technology forum, in March, 2007, Vieweg-publishing house) the 27-45 page or leaf illustrates the control or the controlling device that are used for internal-combustion engine.Utilize chamber pressure receiver acquisition chamber pressure and produce corresponding chamber pressure signal when this control or controlling device operation, it is delivered to control and/or controlling device.
In addition by E.Rasmussen, the professional book that C.K.I.Williams writes " Gaussian process of machine self study " (MIT Press 2006) known machine self-learning method, they relate to Gaussian process.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, provide a kind of method that is used to make internal combustion engine operation, by it can regulate the physical parameter of internal-combustion engine, especially air and waste gas system and this method can by the expense of pettiness and thus cost advantageously realize.
This purpose by a kind of have claim 1 feature be used to the method for internal combustion engine operation is achieved.The control of internal-combustion engine and/or regulate at first relates to, and guarantees the best combustion in the combustion in IC engine chamber interior, is used to realize for example discharge of poisonous waste of pettiness and the fuel consumption of pettiness.According to the present invention have realized that for control or regulate the air and waste gas system of putting system or subsystem such as internal-combustion engine in the end can quote combustion process in the direct sign firing chamber parameter, as chamber pressure and burning needn't detect the auxiliary parameter that only characterizes indirectly, as fresh air quantity stream, waste gas feedback rate (AGR-leads) or suction tude or suction pressure.Core concept of the present invention also is, directly controls or regulate the air and waste gas system of internal-combustion engine according to chamber pressure.
Realize by the present invention, the measurable physical parameter of at least a portion of the waste gas that needn't utilize special-purpose sensor such as air mass flow sensor, pressure transducer, lambda probe or similar sensor to obtain to direct into the air of firing chamber and/or discharge by the firing chamber, but can under the condition of using chamber pressure, try to achieve simply, this pressure for example can utilize combustion chamber pressure sensor to obtain.Therefore replace in esse sensor except that combustion chamber pressure sensor according to method of the present invention by virtual-sensor based on model.Therefore by can operation of combustion engine according to method of the present invention, they have the sensor of relative pettiness and so can advantageously make by abnormal cost.
Described internal-combustion engine can be the stroke of piston motor, for example diesel oil-petrol engine or fast internal combustion engine.
Especially preferably obtain the axle of internal-combustion engine, the angle of rotation of bent axle preferably, try to achieve the instantaneous volume of firing chamber and form physical parameter according to this volume by means of angle of rotation.Angle of rotation and volume be momentary value preferably, wherein tries to achieve instantaneous volume according to instantaneous angle of rotation.The combustion chamber volume that depends on angle of rotation depends on internal-combustion engine, especially firing chamber and at the geometrical construction of the piston of firing chamber reciprocates inside.Can formulate the volume function with the form of calculation procedure or form in advance in order to try to achieve volume, it describes angle of rotation with volume.Preferably for the angle of rotation value of determining, preferably obtain chamber pressure and volume during the axle rotation with once angular distance respectively.Can obtain the variation of internal-combustion engine pressure and volume in this way, they are formed on the status parameter of firing chamber internal combustion process.Chamber pressure and angle of rotation or volume are formed for trying to achieve the input parameter of physical parameter.Can obtain or try to achieve the solid-borne noise that produces by internal-combustion engine, ion flux in the firing chamber and/or the load of internal-combustion engine as other input parameter.
Preferred in addition, calculate at least one characteristic parameter in order to try to achieve at least one physical parameter according to chamber pressure and/or angle of rotation.This characteristic parameter is also corresponding to combustion characteristic, and it is characterized in the combustion process of carrying out in the firing chamber.Realize thus, make many values of chamber pressure value and angle of rotation value that comprise respectively being compressed into one or several few characteristic parameter.Can stipulate, for the cylinder of determining and/or for internal combustion engine circulating continuancing time calculated characteristics parameter.Try to achieve physical parameter by means of these characteristic parameters then.Before trying to achieve physical parameter,, quote this characteristic parameter in order to try to achieve physical parameter then at first also according to input parameter calculated characteristics parameter.Also it is contemplated that, replace trying to achieve characteristic parameter or physical parameter, change the variation of trying to achieve physical parameter and/or characteristic parameter according to angle of rotation in work cycle inside for the endurance of a work cycle.
For example can quote following parameter as characteristic parameter: the middle pressure of adaptation; Angle of rotation, with this angle of rotation changed at least basic half be arranged in the fuel energy (for example position of 50% transition point) of firing chamber; Firing duration; The maximum pressure gradient of chamber pressure; Maximum chamber pressure; Before dropping into burning for the pressure of given angle of rotation; Angle of rotation the maximum combustion chamber pressure occurs with this angle of rotation; And/or angle of rotation, in this angle of rotation pressure gradient maximum.Can consider by axle rotating speed and engine load, especially the internal combustion engine operation point of load torque sign in order to try to achieve physical parameter in addition.
In particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, stipulate, utilize and try to achieve physical parameter, preferably as the mean value on the angle of rotation given range based on the characteristic parameter of data and the relational model between the physical parameter.Given angle of rotation scope can be corresponding to the work cycle of internal-combustion engine.Model based on data comprises the data basis, utilizes homing method can infer physical parameter value by means of characteristic parameter by means of them.Also can save combustion process and direct into the bothersome of complicated physical parameter between the physical parameter of air of firing chamber and modelling that intricately is explained, obviously be easy to realize this method thus.Also at first by means of the variation of chamber pressure and volume, preferably utilize the signal processing measure to calculate at least one characteristic parameter and then try to achieve physical parameter based on the model of data according to this characteristic parameter utilization.
Preferably utilize based on the model of data at this and to try to achieve confidence level, its characterizes the credibility interval of the physical parameter of being tried to achieve.When internal combustion engine operation, can check the quality of utilization thus based on the value of the model presumes of data.If confidence level is positioned at beyond the allowed band, can discharge or carry out the action that is fit to.
Can stipulate, in order to obtain the alignment of relationships model between characteristic parameter and the physical parameter, by together, preferably obtaining characteristic parameter and physical parameter simultaneously and calculating the training data that is used for model by the physical parameter of characteristic parameter that obtains and acquisition.Also can use the method for machine self study for calibrating patterns.The method that is fit to for example is to support vector device (SVM), neuron network and/or Gaussian process.
Preferably all, promptly at least as far as possible in the whole service scope of internal-combustion engine calibration based on the model of data.
Preferred especially, for the internal-combustion engine pre-calibration model of determining form.Can stipulate at this, pre-calibration by special use, that have the basic structure identical with that internal-combustion engine, by it can carry out other step of this method internal-combustion engine, but additionally have a sensor that is used to obtain at least one physical parameter.Special-purpose internal-combustion engine can be installed in the test car the inside of special outfit, and it is different with the automobile of making in batches.Can be at this with the value of physical parameter with being used for value that chamber pressure and combustion chamber volume change and/or with storing at the characteristic ginseng value during the internal combustion engine operation and behind internal combustion engine operation, promptly compare online, being used for the calculation training data.
For internal-combustion engine have the situation of the sensor that is used to obtain at least one physical parameter can be during internal combustion engine operation calibrating patterns again.Make model realization by so-called online training this when calibrating again.
When the confidence level of physical parameter is positioned at beyond the given allowed band, can discharge calibration again.By the data basis of calibration correction and/or extended model again, model is in the confidence level of improving tries to achieve physical parameter.
Described internal-combustion engine preferably has a plurality of firing chambers and only obtains or try to achieve chamber pressure or characteristic parameter for a firing chamber.This guiding cylinder-solution can advantageously realize this method by relative cost.
In order to carry out this method relatively reliably and, also can to stipulate, try to achieve chamber pressure or characteristic parameter separately for each firing chamber of internal-combustion engine at this in order to realize the diagnosis of each firing chamber of internal-combustion engine.Can calculate the time average of the characteristic parameter of each firing chamber at this, thus can be personalizedly for each firing chamber computational physics parameter (calculating of peculiar cylinder).Also can select or additionally ignore the mean value of each ground, firing chamber formation characteristic parameter of internal-combustion engine at this.In this way all for internal-combustion engine with its integrity computational physics parameter calculating of cylinders (all).
By means of can be in the hope of many physical parameters of air off gas system according to method of the present invention.But preferably try to achieve the air coefficient that is input to the air mass flow of the air of firing chamber, the suction tude throttling arrangement that is used for the air mass flow throttling and the suction press between the firing chamber, waste gas feedback component and/or waste gas by suction tude as physical parameter.The air and waste gas system of internal-combustion engine can have supercharging device.Replace suction press in this case or additionally try to achieve suction pressure, i.e. pressure in the suction tude position between supercharging device and throttling arrangement as physical parameter for suction press.Directly try to achieve air coefficient by means of chamber pressure, can remove the lambda probe that is arranged on usually in the air and waste gas system thus.
As regulate parametric optimization calculate be used to adjust first of throttling arrangement degree of opening adjust signal, be used to adjust waste gas feed back second of valve degree of opening adjust signal and/or be used to adjust pressurizer of internal combustion engine boost control degree of opening the 3rd adjust signal.Supercharging device can be an exhaust-gas turbocharger, preferably have variation, utilize the turbine geometry of boost control adjustment or have the exhaust-gas turbocharger that utilizes the by-pass valve that boost control adjusts.
A control that is used for internal-combustion engine or controlling device of another solution suggestion as described task with claim 14 feature.If internal-combustion engine be furnished with this control and/controlling device, then can realize advantage by simple mode according to method of the present invention.Especially can reduce the number of sensors of air and waste gas system.In the ideal case even can save these sensors fully.Therefore can combine with the favourable internal-combustion engine of relative cost and use control and/or controlling device.
Description of drawings
Provide other features and advantages of the present invention by following description, in description, explain the embodiment of example in detail by means of accompanying drawing.In the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 letter illustrates internal-combustion engine,
Fig. 2 letter illustrates the combustion engine control among Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 illustrates the flow chart of the method that is used to make internal combustion engine operation,
Fig. 4 illustrates the graph of a relation of chamber pressure and combustion chamber volume and I. C. engine crankshaft angle of rotation,
Fig. 5 is illustrated in the plotted curve of combustion process thermal change in the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines,
Fig. 6 illustrates the pressure gradient of chamber pressure and the graph of a relation at crankshaft rotating angle.
Embodiment
The internal-combustion engine 11 that is made of diesel engine shown in Figure 1 has the cluster engine 13 of a plurality of firing chambers 15, but one of them firing chamber only is shown.Air and waste gas system 17 is set on firing chamber 15.Air and waste gas system 17 comprises that suction tude 19, outlet pipe 21 and waste gas feed back passage 23.
Waste gas feeds back passage 23 makes outlet pipe 21 pipeline sections and compressor 25 between firing chamber 15 outlets and the turbo machine 31 be connected with suction tude 19 pipeline sections between firing chamber 15 enters the mouth.The adjustable waste gas that utilization is arranged on the waste gas feedback passage 23 feeds back the degree of opening that valve 35 can be regulated waste gas feedback passage 23.Can utilize waste gas to feed back valve 35 when needed and close waste gas feedback passage 23 fully.
Go up the air mass flow sensor 39 of the air mass flow mL of the air 40 that is provided for obtaining flowing into suction tude 19 the insides in suction tude 19 the insides at the flow direction (arrow 37) of compressor 25 fronts.Suction tude 19 has between 15 inlets of throttling arrangement 29 and firing chamber and is used to obtain intake air temperature t in addition
2Temperature transducer 41 and being used for obtain the suction press p of suction tude 19 pipeline sections between compressor 25 and firing chamber 15 inlets
2Intake manifold pressure sensor 43.Intake manifold pressure sensor 43 is arranged on the hybrid position back on flow direction 37 in the embodiment shown, that is, be arranged on waste gas and feed back the inlet back of passage 23 to suction tude 19 on flow direction 37.Different therewith, intake manifold pressure sensor 43 also can be arranged on this hybrid position front on flow direction 37.Replace intake manifold pressure sensor 43 also can be provided for obtaining suction pressure p in suction tude 19 inside between compressor 25 and the throttling arrangement 29
2The air inlet pressure sensor (not shown).
Firing chamber 15 has the combustion chamber pressure sensor 45 that is used to obtain chamber pressure p.Firing chamber 15 bent axle 47 mechanical couplings such and internal-combustion engine 11 are joined, make in bent axle 47 angle of rotation
And there is clear and definite relation between 15 volumes of firing chamber.On bent axle 47, be provided for obtaining the instantaneous angle of rotation of bent axle 47
Crankshaft sensor 49.
Internal-combustion engine 11 has the fuel system of not describing in detail 51 in addition, and it for example can be designed to ejecting system.
Air mass flow sensor 39, temperature transducer 41, intake manifold pressure sensor 43, combustion chamber pressure sensor 45 and crankshaft sensor 49 are connected with the controller 53 of internal-combustion engine 11.The output of controller feeds back valve 35 with the actuator of internal-combustion engine 11, the throttling arrangement 29 that can adjust, adjustable waste gas and is connected and is connected with boost control 33.
As shown in Figure 2, controller 53 comprises signal processing measure 55.Signal processing measure 55 has input, connects the output of combustion chamber pressure sensor 45 thereon.In another input of signal processing measure 55, connect the output of crankshaft sensor 49.Signal processing measure 55 has a plurality of outputs in addition, is used for being given in the characteristic parameter 57 of the combustion process of moving firing chamber 15.Also to describe characteristic parameter 57 in detail below.
Be used to provide characteristic parameter 57 signal processing measure 55 output be used to infer that especially the corresponding input of the supposition measure 59 of the physical parameter of the air and waste gas system 17 of internal-combustion engine 11 is connected.Another input of supposition measure 59 be used to calculate the load output of 1 calculating measure 61 of internal-combustion engine 11 and be connected.Supposition measure 59 has the model 63 based on data, and it has data basis 65.Supposition measure 59 has the physical parameter actual value 60 that is used to provide supposition, in particular for providing the suction press p of supposition
2The output of (or suction pressure p2), the output and being used to that is used to provide the waste gas feedback rate rAGR actual value of supposition provide the actual value mL of the control of quality stream mL of supposition
iOutput.Above-mentioned output is connected the corresponding input of the adjusting parts 67 that are used to regulate air and waste gas system 17.
Regulating parts 67 has and is used to produce first and adjusts signal s
1First output, it is connected on the throttling arrangement 29.Be used to produce second and adjust signal s
2Second output of adjusting parts 67 be connected with waste gas feedback valve 35.Be used to produce second and adjust signal s
3Adjusting parts 67 the 3rd output be connected on the boost control 33.
Can stipulate, make supposition measure 59 additionally have input, connect air mass flow sensor 39, temperature transducer 41 and intake manifold pressure sensor 43 thereon.
Can stipulate that in addition supposition measure 59 additionally has another output that is used to provide signal, the air coefficient actual value λ that this characterization is inferred
iThis output can be connected with the corresponding input of regulating parts 67.
When internal-combustion engine 11 operations, suck fresh air and utilize compressor 25 compressions by suction tude 19.If waste gas feeds back valve 35 and not exclusively closes, fresh air is sneaked into the waste gas 70 of certain share, making the air 40 that is input to firing chamber 15 thus is mixtures of fresh air and waste gas 70.During the air and waste gas system delivered air to firing chamber 15 and passes through outlet pipe 21 combustion gas 70, fuel system 51 was transported to firing chamber 15 with fuel, then combustion fuel when closing suction valve and expulsion valve.The 15 inner transformation of energy that produce become rotatablely moving of torque on the bent axle 47 or bent axle 47 in the firing chamber when corresponding combustion process.In order to control and/or regulate air and waste gas system 17, controller 53 is adjusted actuator 29,33 and 35 like this, makes some target component such as air mass flow mL, the intake air temperature t of air and waste gas system 17
2Or suction press p
2(or suction pressure p2) adjusts to desired value.Desired value can utilize theoretical value generator 69 given, and wherein theoretical value generator 69 provides desired value to use for regulating parts 67 as the theoretical value of theoretical value vector R inside.Only use for the different rotary angle as input parameter controller 53
The chamber pressure p of value.Utilize combustion chamber pressure sensor 45 for given angle of rotation at this controller 53
Promptly 1 ° angular distance obtains chamber pressure p respectively.Be different from each angular distance of 1 ° and also can stipulate for example 0.5 °, 2 °, 2.5 ° etc. angular distance.
Explain the method for carrying out by controller 53 71 that is used to make internal-combustion engine 11 operations in detail by means of Fig. 3-6 below.Measure 59 is inferred in pre-calibration in first step 75 after starting 73 methods 71.Can only combine with such internal-combustion engine 11 and carry out this pre-calibration 75, this internal-combustion engine has sensor 39,41 and 43 and be arranged on lambda probe (not shown) on the outlet pipe 21 in case of necessity.This internal-combustion engine 11 can be ad hoc to be used to the internal-combustion engine 11 of checking purpose to make, and it for example moves in test status or in test car.When pre-calibration 75, utilize signal processing measure 55 calculated characteristics parameters 57 and by means of the characteristic parameter 57 that calculates with utilize sensor 39,41 and 43 sensor parameters mL, the t that obtain for different internal-combustion engines 11 running statees
2And p
2Calculation training data and join 65 the insides, data basis to based on the model 63 of data.When pre-calibration 75 according to possibility continuously by at least near the range of operation of entire internal combustion engine 11, produce the training data that is used for based on the model 63 of data for a large amount of as far as possible possible internal-combustion engine 11 operating points thus.
Can stipulate, for sensor 39,41 and 43 or only have operative sensor 39,41,43 are not set according to internal-combustion engine 11 samples of making in batches.Do not exist for the method 71 that is used for this internal-combustion engine 11 execution in this case and be used for the step 75 that measure 59 is inferred in pre-calibration.Has only when data basis 65 does not comprise the training data of q.s just essential execution in step 75.For example, when certain type internal-combustion engine 11 be this situation first by method 71 operations the time.
Then in step 77, obtain angle of rotation with chamber pressure p variation
Change.At this at interval for example with constant angle of rotation
Obtain angle of rotation
Right with each value of chamber pressure p.Can stipulate also that in another embodiment another at interval
It needs not to be constant, but also may change.
Variation at the chamber pressure p that in step 77, obtains shown in the upper graph of Fig. 4
With angle of rotation for internal-combustion engine 11 whole work cycle
Relation, that is, and for the relation of 720 ° angle of rotation scope of bent axle 47.
Then in step 79, try to achieve the variation of the instantaneous volume V of firing chamber 15
With angle of rotation
Relation.Angle of rotation
And the relation between the volume V depends on the structure of internal-combustion engine 11.This relation for example can be stored in controller 53 the insides with the form of form, characteristic family or calculation procedure.Variation in volume V shown in the lower graph of Fig. 4
As can be seen, volume V is being minimum on the lower dead centre UT and (igniting-OT is maximum ZOT) on the upper dead center of the upper dead center OT of gas conversion phase or work phase.Stroke capacity Δ V corresponding to volume V at upper dead center OT, the last and volume V of ZOT
UTPoor on lower dead centre UT, that is, and Δ V=V
OT-V
UT
In being connected the step 81 of step 79 according to variation in pressure
And volume-variation
Try to achieve characteristic parameter 57.
Using formula as first characteristic parameter:
Condition under the middle pressure that calculate to adapt to.
As another feature calculation of parameter angle A Q50, burning substantially with this angle, half is arranged in the fuel of firing chamber 15.This angle is also referred to as " burning position MFB50 " or " position of 50% transition point ".For this reason at first by variation in pressure
And volume-variation
Using equation
Condition under calculate thermal process
Wherein k is corresponding to constant polytropic index.For example can be at this at interval 1 upper integral J, this interval is in 70 ° of the upper dead center ZOT precontracts beginning of work phase and in about 70 ° of end thereafter, that is, J=[ZOT-70 °, ZOT+70 °].
The thermal change of calculating by this way shown in Figure 5
In this view, also illustrate
The given minimum value Q of thermal change Q
MinWith given maximum value Q
MaxAngle A Q50 is that angle
Has value in this angle thermal change
Δ Q=Q wherein
Max-Q
MinBe maximum value Q
MaxWith minimum value Q
MinBetween difference.
Try to achieve firing duration Δ AQ as another parameter.Characteristic parameter Δ AQ is the differential seat angle between angle A Q90 and the angle A Q10.Angle A Q90 is that angle, with this angle thermal change
Correspondingly angle A Q10 is that angle, with this angle thermal change
Different therewith, also can quote other angle value in order to calculate firing duration Δ AQ in another embodiment.For example can calculate firing duration according to equation DELTA AQ=AQ85-AQ15.At this AQ 15 are these angles, with this angle
And AQ85 is applicable to
Angle.
In addition can be in the hope of the maximum value p of chamber pressure as characteristic parameter
MaxAngle of rotation value with subordinate
(seeing the upper graph of Fig. 4).
Try to achieve before dropping into burning in given angle as another feature parameter
The time pressure p
0In the embodiment shown not directly by
Variation in pressure p try to achieve angle
But in given angle
For example calculate adiabatics 83 in the scope under the condition of using least squares approach, it is approaching corresponding to chamber pressure
Variation.At least to a great extent eliminate in this way
The error of each value of variation in pressure p, they are caused by noise, the sensor signal (sensor noise) that the noise stack is produced by combustion chamber pressure sensor 45.In unshowned embodiment directly by variation in pressure
Try to achieve for
Force value p
0
Also use in addition by variation in pressure
Derivative (pressure gradient) according to angle of rotation
The characteristic parameter that derivation is come out.Letter illustrates pressure gradient in Fig. 6
Try to achieve the maximum value dpmax of pressure gradient on the one hand as characteristic parameter, try to achieve the angle A dpmax of subordinate on the other hand.
In step 81, calculate after the characteristic parameter 57, characteristic parameter 57 is directed into supposition measure 59.What then supposition was calculated in supposition measure 59 in step 85 is used for each physical parameter, promptly, be used for suction tude 19 air mass flow mL, be used for intake air temperature t
2, be used for suction press p
2And the actual value mL that is used for waste gas feedback rate rAGR
i, t
2i, p
2iAnd rAGR
iThen in step 87, try to achieve confidence level L (mL), L (t respectively for each physical parameter
2), L (p
2) and L (rAGR).Additionally also can calculate the value λ of air coefficient λ
iAnd the confidence level L of subordinate (λ).With the value mL that tries to achieve
i, p
2i, rAGR
i, λ
iConfidence level L (the p that preferably also comprises subordinate
2), L (rAGR), L (mL) and L (λ) direct into and regulate parts 67.Regulate parts 67 according to the theoretical value vector R of physical parameter and the actual value mL of supposition
i, t
2i, p
2i, rAGR
iRegulate air and waste gas system 17, by to adjust signal s
1, s
2Or s
3Correspondingly control throttling arrangement 29, waste gas feedback valve 35 and boost control 33.
For computational physics parameter m L, t
2, p
2, rAGR, the value of λ and the confidence level L of subordinate (mL), L (t
2), L (p
2), L (rAGR), L (λ), supposition measure 59 reacts on model 63 based on data by the data basis 65 by pre-calibration 75 training.Can use homing method at this, it relates to probability ground, based on the equation of listing the training data that explanation exists in data basis 65 of Bayes.These methods also are applicable to the data of disappearance, that is, and and when the sensor signal of the sensor signal p of combustion chamber pressure sensor 45 and/or air mass flow sensor 39, temperature transducer 41 or intake manifold pressure sensor 43 is superposeed by noise.At this is that the probability of determining for model 63 outputs is tried to achieve on the basis with the training data.By back-probability maximization, promptly, so-called plausibility function, for example other gradient method calculates essential for this reason model 63 parameters.Plausibility function provides probability to this, can make model 63 reduce the training data of observing when calibrating by it.At E.Rasmussen, in the professional book that C.K.I.Williams writes " Gaussian process of machine self study " (MIT Press 2006) prevailingly, promptly, do not relate to the land used of answering in automotive engineering shown here and described this modelling equation, may relate to this modelling equation based on the model 63 of data.
Relate to characteristic parameter 57 and physical parameter mL, t
2, p
2RAGR, what the relation value between the λ must be expected is, air mass flow mL and waste gas feedback rate rAGR depend primarily on the position AQ50 of 50% transition point, the maximum value dpmax and the firing duration λ AQ of pressure gradient, and wherein to have in the relation of these parameters of waste gas feedback rate rAGR with the weight of these parameters in the relation of these parameters with air mass flow mL be different to the mutual weight of each parameter m L, AQ50, λ AQ.What be worth expectation in addition is suction press p
2Depend primarily at given angle
The time pressure p
0, the maximum value pmax of chamber pressure, the maximum value dpmax of pressure gradient and the middle pressure pmi of adaptation.
Check in step 89, the confidence level L that at least a portion is tried to achieve (mL), L (t
2), L (p
2), L (rAGR), whether L (λ) is positioned in the scope of permission.If not this situation (n), then carry out again calibration steps 91, in this step, utilize sensor 39,41 and 43 parameter m L, the t that obtain in use
2And p
2Condition under make data bases 65 realizations or expansion.The process of carrying out in calibration steps 91 again corresponds essentially to above-mentioned pre-calibration 75.Have only when existing in the internal-combustion engine 11 with step 71 operation for calibration based on the essential sensor 39,41 of the model 63 of data and 43 o'clock, just regulation relates to the step 89 and 91 of calibrating again in method 71.If do not have sensor 39,41 and 43 ground costs advantageously to realize internal-combustion engine 11, then save step 89 and 91.
Last this method 71 turns back to step 77, can obtain thus to be used for
Variation in pressure p new value and can recomputate the actual value of physical parameter and the confidence level of subordinate.
Stipulate in another embodiment, can select or additionally try to achieve other physical parameter (in Fig. 2, illustrating) of fuel system 51 with vector X for another supposition measure 59 of physical parameter of air and waste gas system 17.Shown in Fig. 2 dotted line, they can direct into another adjusting parts 95 that are used for fuel metering system 51.Another is regulated parts 95 and especially produces other adjustment signal (representing to adjust signal phasor Y) according to other physical parameter X.Vector X can comprise the confidence level of other physical parameter.
Can stipulate in addition, additional or selectively for the chamber pressure of utilizing combustion chamber pressure sensor 45 to obtain
Quote other parameter in order to try to achieve characteristic parameter 57, they characterize the combustion process of 15 inside, firing chamber.For example can quote for this reason the structure-borne sound sensor that is used for obtaining the solid-borne noise that on firing chamber 15 and/or cluster engine 13, produces by combustion process signal, be used to obtain in the firing chamber 15 ion flux the ion flux sensor signal and/or be used to obtain the speed probe of 11 rotating speeds of internal-combustion engine, the especially signal of crankshaft sensor 49.
Claims (14)
1. method (71) that is used to make internal-combustion engine (11) operation, wherein internal-combustion engine (11) have be used to make air (40) import to the air and waste gas system (17) at least one firing chamber (15) and that be used for (15) combustion gas (70) of internal-combustion engine (11) and described method (71) from the firing chamber comprise the following steps: to obtain (77) in internal-combustion engine (11) firing chamber (15) inner chamber pressure (p) and import to the air (40) of the inside, firing chamber and/or the physical parameter (mL of the waste gas (70) of discharging by the firing chamber according at least one, p2, t2, λ) calculate (67,95) be used to adjust at least one actuator (29 of internal-combustion engine (11), 33,35) adjustment parameter (s
1, s
2, s
3), it is characterized in that described method (71) comprises following other step: according to chamber pressure (p) try to achieve (85) physical parameter (mL, p2, t2, λ).
2. the method for claim 1 (71) is characterized in that, obtain the axle of (77) internal-combustion engine (11), preferably the angle of rotation of bent axle (47) (
), by means of angle of rotation (
) try to achieve firing chamber (5) volume (V) and according to this volume (V) form physical parameter (mL, p2, t2, λ).
3. method as claimed in claim 2 (71) is characterized in that, for try to achieve at least one physical parameter (mL, p2, t2, λ) according to chamber pressure (p) and/or angle of rotation (
) calculate at least one characteristic parameter (57).
4. method as claimed in claim 3 (71) is characterized in that, utilize characteristic parameter (57) and physical parameter (mL, p2, t2, λ) model based on data of the relation between (63) try to achieve physical parameter (mL, p2, t2, λ).
5. method as claimed in claim 4 (71) is characterized in that, utilizes and tries to achieve confidence level (L (mL), L (p2), L (t2), L (λ)) based on the model (63) of data, and it characterizes physical parameter (mL, p2, t2, credibility interval λ) of being tried to achieve.
6. as claim 4 or 5 described methods (71), it is characterized in that, in order to obtain characteristic parameter (57) and physical parameter (mL, p2, t2, λ) relation between, calibrating patterns (63), wherein obtain characteristic parameter (57) and physical parameter (mL, p2, t2 together, λ) and by the physical parameter (mL of characteristic parameter (57) that obtains and acquisition, p2, t2 λ) calculates the training data that is used for model (63).
7. method as claimed in claim 6 (71) is characterized in that, for internal-combustion engine (11) the pre-calibration model (63) of determining form.
8. method as claimed in claim 6 (71) is characterized in that, at internal-combustion engine (11) run duration calibrating patterns (63) again.
9. method as claimed in claim 8 (71) is characterized in that, when confidence level (L (mL), L (p2), L (t2), L (λ)) is positioned at given allowed band (Z) in addition the time, and calibrating patterns (63) again.
10. as each described method (71) in the above-mentioned claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that described internal-combustion engine (11) has a plurality of firing chambers (15) and only obtains or try to achieve chamber pressure (p) or characteristic parameter (57) for a firing chamber (15).
11. as each described method (71) in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, try to achieve chamber pressure (p) or characteristic parameter (57) separately for each firing chamber (15) of internal-combustion engine (11).
12. as each described method (71) in the above-mentioned claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, try to achieve by suction tude (19) as physical parameter and be input to the air mass flow (mL) of the air (40) of firing chamber, the suction tude throttling arrangement (29) that is used for air mass flow (mL) throttling and the suction press (p between firing chamber (15)
2), waste gas feeds back the air coefficient (λ) of component (rAGR) and/or waste gas (70).
13. as each described method (71) in the above-mentioned claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, as regulating the first adjustment signal (s that calculation of parameter is used to adjust throttling arrangement (29) degree of opening
1), be used to adjust waste gas and feed back second of valve (35) degree of opening and adjust signal (s
2) and/or be used to adjust internal-combustion engine (11) supercharging device (27) boost control (33) the 3rd adjust signal (s
3).
14. controller (53) that is used for control and/or regulates internal-combustion engine (11), wherein internal-combustion engine (11) has and is used to make air (40) to import to the air and waste gas system (17) at least one firing chamber (15) and that be used for (15) combustion gas (70) from the firing chamber of internal-combustion engine (11) and described controller (53) to adjust to and be used to carry out the following step: obtain (77) in internal-combustion engine (11) firing chamber (15) inner chamber pressure (p) and import to the air of the inside, firing chamber (15) and/or the physical parameter (mL of the waste gas (70) of discharging by the firing chamber according at least one, p2, t2, λ) calculate (67,95) be used to adjust at least one actuator (29 of internal-combustion engine (11), 33,35) adjustment parameter (s
1, s
2, s
3), it is characterized in that described controller (53) is adjusted to and is used to carry out the method according to any one of the preceding claims (71).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008043315A DE102008043315A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2008-10-30 | Method for operating internal combustion engine, particularly for motor vehicle, involves detecting combustion chamber pressure within combustion chamber of combustion engine |
| DE102008043315.2 | 2008-10-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101725423A true CN101725423A (en) | 2010-06-09 |
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ID=42062807
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910207922A Pending CN101725423A (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2009-10-29 | Method for operating internal combustion engine and controlling and/or adjusting device used for internal combustion engine |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101725423A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102008043315A1 (en) |
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| CN102859158A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2013-01-02 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Control device and method for calculating an output parameter for a controller |
| CN102882467A (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2013-01-16 | 麦格纳电动汽车***公司 | Converter for an electrical machine, controller and method for operating a converter |
| CN104102622A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-15 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method and control for carrying out a calculation of a data-based function model |
| CN113646586A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2021-11-12 | 西门子股份公司 | Method and device for controlling an internal combustion engine having a plurality of burners |
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| DE102011081345A1 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2013-02-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for creating a model |
| DE102015203210A1 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2016-08-25 | Volkswagen Ag | Method for regulating a controlled system, device for generating controller parameters and control device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102859158A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2013-01-02 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Control device and method for calculating an output parameter for a controller |
| CN102859158B (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2016-02-24 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | For calculating control apparatus and the method for the output parameter controlled |
| US10013658B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2018-07-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Control device and method for calculating an output parameter for a controller |
| CN102882467A (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2013-01-16 | 麦格纳电动汽车***公司 | Converter for an electrical machine, controller and method for operating a converter |
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| CN102882467B (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2016-06-29 | 麦格纳电动汽车***公司 | For the inverter of motor, the controller of operated inverter and method |
| CN104102622A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-15 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method and control for carrying out a calculation of a data-based function model |
| CN104102622B (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2021-04-27 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method and apparatus for performing computations of data-based function models |
| CN113646586A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2021-11-12 | 西门子股份公司 | Method and device for controlling an internal combustion engine having a plurality of burners |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102008043315A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
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