Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, is processed into the defective of solid fertilizer for mud of the prior art more, and a kind of technique and system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: construct a kind of technique for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud, comprise the following steps:
(1). be that 150~300 ℃, pressure are that the water vapor of 1.50~3.0MPa passes into wet mud raw material and stirs described water vapor and wet mud are mixed with temperature;
(2). described water vapor heats described wet mud and temperature is remained on 150~300 ℃, pressure and remains on 1.50~3.0MPa, making the macromolecule organic in described wet mud is low molecule organic matter by pyrolysis, and described heating and keep-process continue 20~60 minutes;
(3). the temperature with described reaction mixture in 30 minutes~8 hours is reduced to below 100 ℃, then obtains liquid fertilizer and semi-dry sludge by solid-liquid separation.
The technique for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention, described step (2) further was included in 30~60 minutes, and the temperature of described wet mud is risen to 150~300 ℃ from 20 ℃.
The technique for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention, described step (3) further was included in 30~40 minutes, and the temperature of described reaction mixture is dropped to 100 ℃ from 150~300 ℃.
The technique for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention, described step (3) further comprises collects the converted weary steam of water vapor and washing, then the step of burning of the insoluble gas after washing.
The technique for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention, described step (3) further comprises, described semi-dry sludge is sent into drying installation carry out drying to obtain solid fertilizer or solid-fuelled step.
The another technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem employing is a kind of system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of structure, comprises
The pyrolytic reaction device, be used for wetting mud and water vapor carry out pyrolytic reaction, and the cooling down reaction mixture, so that the macromolecule organic in wet mud converts the low molecule organic matter that is dissolved in water to;
Mechanical dehydration device is used for described reaction mixture is carried out solid-liquid separation to obtain required liquid fertilizer and semi-dry sludge.
The system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention, described pyrolytic reaction condition is 150~300 ℃ of temperature, pressure 1.50~3.0MPa, and the time length is 20~60 minutes.
The system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention, described cooling rate is for to be reduced to 100 ℃ with temperature in 30 minutes~8 hours
The system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention, the described system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud also comprises heating unit and e Foerderanlage, be used for generating described water vapor and being transported to described pyrolytic reaction device, the temperature of described water vapor is that 150~300 ℃, pressure are 1.50~3.0MPa.
The system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention, the described system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud also comprises gas treatment equipment, collection is by water vapor converted weary steam and washing, then after washing, remaining insoluble gas burns.
Implement a kind of technique and system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention, can be by regulating water vapor and temperature, pressure, heat-up rate, cooling rate and the temperature of wet mud raw material, the hold-time of pressure, regulate organic content in the liquid fertilizer of acquisition and semi-dry sludge, and the high-temperature steam pyrolytic process at 150~300 ℃, the semi-dry sludge of gained and liquid fertilizer, all completed sterilization and disinfection process thoroughly, eliminated the hidden danger of secondary pollution, be different from the halfway fertilizer of sterilization that traditional composting process obtains, added value of product is higher.In addition, and compare than traditional compost, also possess the advantages such as short, weatherproof of time, floor space be little.And technique of the present invention and system also are applicable to process animal excrement, or the kitchen excess, or pomace, or the mixture of above-mentioned part or all of raw material, reach other high moisture organic wastes etc., make organic liquid fertilizer and solid fertilizer or the solid fuel of corresponding composition.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, be the schema of the first embodiment of a kind of technique for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention.In this technique, the mud that will wet (moisture approximately 75~85%) drops in the seal-off pressure container, passes into simultaneously the water vapor of 150~300 ℃ of pressure 1.5~3.0MPa, temperature.In one embodiment of the invention, described seal-off pressure container can be the low temperature pyrogenation reactor, establishes whipping appts in it; Wet mud and steam are stirred in still and mix.Described mixture is heated and pressurizes and temperature is maintained 150~300 ℃, pressure maintain 1.50~3.0MPa and reach 20~60 minutes, under the effect of heating power and pressure, destroy organism macromolecular structure in mud, the macromolecular structure that is insoluble in water is thermally cracked to organic molecule structure soluble in water, makes the organism in wet mud be dissolved in liquid more.Simultaneously under the effect of heating power and pressure, destroy the water holding structure of the solid matters such as organism macromolecular structure, gluey flco in mud, with fully discharging in conjunction with water of physical property in mud and chemical, form the solvent of solubilized organic molecule, and then improve the content of organic acid, npk nutrient in liquid.Subsequently, in 30 minutes~8 hours, temperature is reduced to 100 ℃, then obtains required liquid fertilizer and semi-dry sludge by solid-liquid separation.In this course, the organism in solid phase has entered solution more, and organism, npk nutrient in the semi-dry sludge of gained further enter in liquid.Usually the technical scheme that adopts be with the temperature of reacted mixture drop to 100 ℃, 30~40 minutes consuming time from 150~300 ℃.Also can slowly drop to normal temperature, this will need 5~8 hours.
Fig. 2 is the schema of the second embodiment of a kind of technique for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention.In this technique, on the technical process basis of embodiment 1, increased following processing step:
Collect the converted weary steam of water vapor and washing from the low temperature pyrogenation reactor, then the step of burning of the insoluble gas after washing.
For the mud (butt meter) that heavy metal content does not exceed standard, the semi-dry sludge that obtains by this technique can be sent into drying installation and carry out drying treatment, and it is prepared into solid fertilizer.
The mud (butt meter) that exceeds standard for heavy metal content, to send into drying installation by the semi-dry sludge that this technique obtains and carry out drying treatment, send again sanitary landfill or carry out other and dispose, and the liquid heavy metal content of gained can not exceed standard, and can be used as organic liquid fertilizer.In this situation, can also pass through the adjusting process parameter, the organic matter in mud and inorganic nutrients composition are transferred in liquid fertilizer more gone, improve recycling sludge and reclaim degree.
Fig. 3 is the system chart of the first embodiment of a kind of system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, the system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud of the present invention comprises: the pyrolytic reaction device, carry out pyrolytic reaction for will wet mud and water vapor, and the cooling down reaction mixture, so that the macromolecule organic in wet mud converts the low molecule organic matter that is dissolved in water to; Mechanical dehydration device is used for described reaction mixture is carried out solid-liquid separation to obtain required liquid fertilizer and semi-dry sludge.
The described system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud also can comprise heating unit and e Foerderanlage, is used for generating described water vapor and being transported to described pyrolytic reaction device, and the temperature of described water vapor is that 150~300 ℃, pressure are 1.50~3.0MPa.Wherein said heating unit can be boiler systems, and described e Foerderanlage can be transmission pipeline etc.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the described system for preparing liquid fertilizer from mud also comprises gas treatment equipment and drying installation.Described gas treatment equipment is collected the converted weary steam of water vapor and washing, then the insoluble gas after washing burns.Described drying installation can carry out drying with the semi-dry sludge that obtains, and obtains solid fertilizer or solid fuel.
Embodiment 1
With batch wet mud raw material, pass into the water vapor of 150~300 ℃ of pressure 1.5~3.0MPa, temperature, in about wet mud raw material generation pyrolytic reaction 200 ℃ the time, wherein the A sample is lowered the temperature rapidly, cooled in 30 minutes below 100 degree, the B sample is cooling naturally slowly, cools to below 100 ℃ in 6~8 hours.The solid sample of gained and liquid sample ingredient are as shown in table 1 as a result:
Table 1
The gained solid |
Organic composition (%) |
N(%) |
P(mg/kg) |
K(mg/kg) |
Cu(mg/kg) |
Zn(mg/kg) |
A |
51 |
4.5 |
15478 |
3376 |
184 |
1453 |
B |
44 |
4.8 |
29530 |
4050 |
1021 |
4050 |
Gained liquid |
BOD5(mg/l) |
N(mg/kg) |
P(mg/kg) |
K(mg/kg) |
Cu(mg/kg) |
Zn(mg/kg) |
A |
17400 |
16000 |
260 |
370 |
0.89 |
0.40 |
B |
18900 |
9500 |
720 |
840 |
9.83 |
44 |
By comparative sample A and B, the essence that cooling rate is slowed down in discovery is to extend the reacting by heating time.In mud, more organism is dissolved and is entered in liquid like this, and the organic content of gained semi-dry sludge reduces, and simultaneously because the organism in solid phase more enters in solution, therefore the butt weight of gained semi-dry sludge also reduce.The corresponding raising of percentage composition of the nutrients such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium and heavy metal.And because the solid phase in more mud dissolving enters solution, weary discharge of steam amount reduces and moisture and the volatile matter taken away reduce, and gained liquid not only bulking value increases, and organic content, phosphorus potassium nutrition and heavy metal percentage composition improve.With regard to absolute value, the total amount of the nutrients such as the organism that reclaims, nitrogen phosphorus potassium obviously improves.Although heavy metal content also obviously improves, its working concentration is very low (also will dilute 100~500 times when usually using) still, and it is used without impact.
Embodiment 2
With batch wet mud raw material, pass into the water vapor of 150~300 ℃ of pressure 1.5~3.0MPa, temperature, in the time of 150 ℃, 210 ℃, 300 ℃, kept 10 minutes respectively, then cooled to below 100 ℃ in 30 minutes.Gained liquid fertilizer composition is as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2
Elevated Temperature Conditions |
BOD5(mg/l) |
N(mg/kg) |
P(mg/kg) |
K(mg/kg) |
Cu(mg/kg) |
Zn(mg/kg) |
150℃ |
15300 |
15000 |
250 |
390 |
0.70 |
0.80 |
210℃ |
18500 |
11000 |
620 |
800 |
5.60 |
10 |
300℃ |
20500 |
9800 |
750 |
980 |
6.30 |
23 |
This explanation, along with temperature raises, the nutritive ingredients such as more organic composition and phosphorus potassium enter into liquid.
Embodiment 3
With batch wet mud raw material, pass into the water vapor of 150~300 ℃ of pressure 1.5~3.0MPa, temperature, its pressure remains on respectively 1.5Mpa, 2.0Mpa, 3.0Mpa, keeps 10 minutes, then cools to below 100 ℃ in 30 minutes.Gained liquid component such as following table 3:
Table 3
Pressure condition |
BOD5(mg/l) |
N(mg/kg) |
P(mg/kg) |
K(mg/kg) |
Cu(mg/kg) |
Zn(mg/kg) |
1.5Mpa |
12200 |
13100 |
200 |
310 |
0.50 |
0.70 |
2.0Mpa |
18500 |
11000 |
620 |
800 |
5.60 |
10 |
3.0Mpa |
19200 |
9900 |
700 |
910 |
6.00 |
20 |
This explanation, along with pressure raises, the nutritive ingredients such as more organic composition and phosphorus potassium enter into liquid.
Embodiment 4
With batch wet mud raw material, pass into the water vapor of 150~300 ℃ of pressure 1.5~3.0MPa, temperature, be pressurized to 2.0Mpa, kept respectively 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, then cooled to below 100 ℃ in 30 minutes.Gained liquid component such as following table 4:
Table 4
Hold-time |
BOD5(mg/l) |
N(mg/kg) |
P(mg/kg) |
K(mg/kg) |
Cu(mg/kg) |
Zn(mg/kg) |
10 minutes |
18500 |
11000 |
620 |
800 |
5.60 |
10 |
30 minutes |
20300 |
10000 |
730 |
830 |
5.90 |
15 |
60 minutes |
21100 |
9600 |
820 |
920 |
6.20 |
18 |
This explanation, the hold-time is longer, and the nutritive ingredients such as more organic composition and phosphorus potassium enter into liquid.
Embodiment 5
With batch wet mud raw material, pass into the water vapor of 150~300 ℃ of pressure 1.5~3.0MPa, temperature, when being heated to 210 ℃, 20 minutes consuming time, 40 minutes, 80 minutes respectively, then cooled to below 100 ℃ in 30 minutes.Gained liquid component such as following table 5:
Table 5
Heating-up time |
BOD5(mg/l) |
N(mg/kg) |
P(mg/kg) |
K(mg/kg) |
Cu(mg/kg) |
Zn(mg/kg) |
20 minutes |
13200 |
13000 |
300 |
320 |
0.50 |
0.70 |
40 minutes |
18500 |
11000 |
620 |
800 |
5.60 |
10 |
80 minutes |
20500 |
9400 |
720 |
930 |
6.40 |
25 |
This explanation, heat-up rate is fast, and dissolution rate can be accelerated, but heat-up rate is slow, and because heat-up time is longer, to such an extent as to when being warmed up to same temperature, heat-up rate is slow, its final dissolution rate is higher than the quick heating.Equally, cooling rate is slow, means that also heat-up time is longer.
The various embodiments described above prove, when keeping temperature and pressure lower than setting range, dissolution rate is low; Higher than setting range, energy consumption is too high, and is uneconomical, and equipment pressure required harsh.And heat-up rate and cooling rate, only the speed of impact dissolving, do not affect dissolution rate.But cooling rate is slow, often means holding time, can improve dissolution rate and hold-time lower than setting range, can cause dissolution rate to descend.
Implement the present invention and prepare the technique of liquid fertilizer from mud, compare with technique with traditional sludge incinerating system, possessing equally on the advantage basis of sterilization and disinfection deodorizing and minimizing, it is low that this technique also possesses running cost, equipment investment is few, and resource reclaims the advantages such as degree high (producing fuel and fertilizer etc.); Compare with common sludge drying process, on the basis of same generation liquid fertilizer or fuel, it is low that this technique possesses running cost, and energy consumption is low, treating processes odorless, environmental protection degree advantages of higher; Simultaneously, this treatment system and technique not only can be used for the drying and other treatment of wet mud, also can be widely used in to process other aqueous organic refuse, schlempe, pomace and kitchen waste etc.