CN101716645A - Method for controlling isothermal precision formed forging flow line of complicated disk cake forging - Google Patents
Method for controlling isothermal precision formed forging flow line of complicated disk cake forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN101716645A CN101716645A CN200910073474A CN200910073474A CN101716645A CN 101716645 A CN101716645 A CN 101716645A CN 200910073474 A CN200910073474 A CN 200910073474A CN 200910073474 A CN200910073474 A CN 200910073474A CN 101716645 A CN101716645 A CN 101716645A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling an isothermal precision formed forging flow line of a complicated disk cake forging and relates to a method for controlling a flow line of a disk cake forging. The invention aims to lead the forging flow line of the complicated disk cake forging to be distributed along the radial direction or the annular direction to improve the mechanical performance and the fatigue resistance of the complicated disk cake forging in the appointed direction. The method comprises the following main steps of: upsetting blank preparing phase: converting a flow line of an original blank material, which is distributed along the axial direction, into a flow line which is distributed along the annular direction or the radial direction; preforging formation: preparing an obtained cake blank into a preforging, leading the metal allotting amount of all parts of the preforging to be equivalent to a final forging and leading shapes of the preforging and the final forging to be similar; and final forging formation: carrying out final forging formation by two methods of a reverse extrusion deforming way and a radial resistance increase way. The method overcomes the defects of exposure, vortex, cross flowing, and the like of the flow line, which are easy to generate during isothermal precision formation of the complicated disk cake forging, has reasonable flow line distribution and improves the mechanical performance and the fatigue resistance of the disk cake forging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of streamline control method of coiling the cake forging, belong to the Precision Forming Technology field.
Background technology
Dish cake forging is widely used in aviation field.In recent years, in order to satisfy the needs of loss of weight, such part is designed to the integral structure component of complicated shape more, and more and more higher to the requirement of the precision of forging and structure property, for some important primary structure members, also require the forging streamline to distribute according to the geometric shape of part.Complicated dish cake forging is meant the dish cake forging of difficult shapings such as having thin web plate, high muscle or long ears, this forging generally is used for stressed complicated key position on the aircraft, often be nonaxisymmetrical, metal flow is very complicated during shaping, thereby the shaping difficulty is very big.For improving mechanical performance and the anti-fatigue performance of complicated dish cake forging on assigned direction, prevent stress corrosion, the streamline of this forging to be required radially or the hoop distribution, and original blank mostly is the bar that streamline (forging flow lines) distributes vertically, thereby defective such as this forging is very easy to occur that streamline is appeared, eddy current and percolation.Forging flow lines makes the performance of metal there are differences (anisotropy) on different directions, therefore, and for the serviceability that satisfies complicated dish cake forging needs when forging the forging flow lines of forging to be controlled.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the isothermal precision formed streamline control method of a kind of complicated dish cake forging, make complicated dish cake forging forging flow lines radially or hoop distribute, to improve mechanical performance and the anti-fatigue performance on the complicated dish cake forging assigned direction.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of taking to be:
The detailed process of the forging flow lines control method that complicated dish cake forging of the present invention is isothermal precision formed is:
A, jumping-up base stage: the physical dimension according to pre-designed complexity dish cake forging is chosen original blank, and the streamline that distributes vertically of original blank is become along hoop or radially-arranged streamline:
The original blank (bar) of complicated dish cake forging of will being used to be shaped is heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, be placed on after the insulation on the flat anvil mould that is heated to uniform temp and carry out jumping-up, keep original blank and flat anvil die worker to do that coefficient of friction is 0.8 between the surface, temperature retention time is that the minimum thickness of original blank multiply by 1.5min/mm, the speed of depressing of maintenance forging press should be less than 1mm/s, the jumping-up deflection of described original blank is reached more than 80%, with the biscuit behind the jumping-up again air cooling to room temperature;
B, carry out blocking and be shaped: the biscuit that obtains in the steps A is made pre-forging, make the metal sendout and the finish-forging spare of pre-forging each several part suitable, and make the shape of pre-forging and finish-forging spare similar;
Step B1: adopt professional software CATIA to carry out the mensuration of each several part volume, and then design the size of pre-forging, and make the volume of pre-forging and finish-forging spare each several part close according to the physical dimension of pre-designed complexity dish cake forging; The volume of pre-forging should be a bit larger tham the volume of finish-forging spare, i.e. volume+overlap the volume of the volume=finish-forging spare of pre-forging; And the maximum ga(u)ge of forging should be less than the maximum ga(u)ge of finish-forging spare in advance, and radial dimension should surpass the radial dimension of overlap bridge portion;
Step B2: after pre-forging designs, also will carry out pre-forging shape and optimized dimensions, select for use the best pre-forging of forming effect to carry out the design of blocker by the finite element modelling that professional Finite Element Simulation Software DEFORM3D forms process;
Step B3: the biscuit that makes in the steps A is heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, be put into after the insulation and carry out the blocking base on the blocker that is heated to uniform temp, temperature retention time is that the minimum thickness of original blank multiply by 1.5min/mm, scribble lubricant on the impression work profile of blocker, the speed of depressing of maintenance forging press should be less than 1mm/s; Pre-forging after the blocking shaping is taken out air cooling to room temperature again in the impression of blocker;
Step C: finish-forging is shaped: adopt anti-squeeze mode of texturing and increase radially two kinds of methods of resistance carry out finish-forging and be shaped:
The pre-forging that makes among the step B is heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, be put into after the insulation and adopt anti-mode of texturing of squeezing to carry out the finish-forging shaping on the finisher that is heated to uniform temp, temperature retention time is that the minimum thickness of original blank multiply by 1.5min/mm, and increases the radially resistance of metal in cavity filling process; Scribble lubricant on the impression work profile of finisher, keep forging press the speed of depressing should be less than 1mm/s, treat that metal is full of the impression of finisher fully after, matched moulds pressurize at least 1 minute die sinking more promptly obtains required finish-forging spare.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method is made coefficient of friction between the surface by increasing original blank jumping-up deflection (more than 80%) and original blank and flat anvil die worker, the streamline that distributes vertically of original blank is become along hoop or radially-arranged streamline, and in conjunction with anti-squeeze mode of texturing and increase radially two kinds of methods of resistance carry out the finish-forging forming mode, having eliminated the streamline that complicated dish cake forging very easily occurs when isothermal precision formed appears, defective such as eddy current and percolation, obtain the reasonably complicated dish cake of streamline distribution forging, the streamline distribution of effectively having controlled complicated dish cake forging (as shown in Figure 5, streamline is radial distribution along the profile of forging fully, defective does not go out to appear on the forging surface, inside does not have defectives such as eddy current and percolation yet), the mechanical performance and the anti-fatigue performance of complicated dish cake forging have greatly been improved, forging endwise tensile strength with this method processing can reach more than the 500MPa, yield strength can reach more than the 430MPa, percentage elongation is more than 10%, and hardness reaches more than the HB140; Transverse tensile strength can reach more than the 480MPa, and yield strength can reach more than the 400MPa, and percentage elongation is more than 7.5%, and hardness reaches more than the HB140; Can reach 2000 hours fatigue life.
The concrete advantage of the inventive method is: at first start with from the jumping-up base stage, prevent the generation that streamline is appeared by the friction of adjusting between deformation extent and blank and mould, design pre-forging by the required amount of metal of accurate Calculation blank each several part again, to prevent the generation of eddy current or percolation defective, mode of texturing during at last again by the control finish-forging and the radially further effective control that realizes the percolation defective of method of resistance have obtained the better complexity dish cake forging of every performance.The inventive method is simple, and effect is obvious.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a～1c for the different technical parameters that adopts the finite element modelling method and obtain to jumping-up after the biscuit streamline influence graph of a relation, Fig. 1 a is that λ=0.3, deflection are biscuit streamline distribution figure (λ is the friction factor between original blank and the flat anvil mould upper surface) behind the jumping-up under 50% the situation, Fig. 1 b is that λ=0.8, deflection are biscuit streamline distribution figure behind the jumping-up under 50% the situation, and Fig. 1 c is that λ=0.3, deflection are biscuit streamline distribution figure behind the jumping-up under 80% the situation; Fig. 2 instead squeezes mode of texturing hint effect figure; Fig. 3 a is the front three-dimensional effect diagram of aluminium alloy annular seat finish-forging spare model, Fig. 3 b is the back side three-dimensional effect diagram of aluminium alloy annular seat finish-forging spare model, Fig. 3 c is the schematic diagram (dotted line is represented forging flow lines among the figure) that the forging flow lines of aluminium alloy annular seat requires, Fig. 4 a is the front three-dimensional effect diagram of the pre-forging of aluminium alloy annular seat, Fig. 4 b is the back side three-dimensional effect diagram of the pre-forging of aluminium alloy annular seat, and Fig. 5 is that the forging streamline design sketch after aluminium alloy annular seat is shaped (is the streamline design sketch of finish-forging spare; The streamline design sketch that is equivalent to the place, square frame position of Fig. 3 c).
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: shown in Fig. 1～5, the detailed process of the forging flow lines control method that the described complicated dish cake forging of present embodiment is isothermal precision formed is:
A, jumping-up base stage: the physical dimension according to pre-designed complexity dish cake forging is chosen original blank, and the streamline that distributes vertically of original blank is become along hoop or radially-arranged streamline (bar that the original blank of complicated dish cake forging when isothermal precision formed generally all selects streamline to distribute vertically):
The original blank (bar) of complicated dish cake forging of will being used to be shaped is heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, be placed on after the insulation on the flat anvil mould that is heated to uniform temp and carry out jumping-up, keep original blank and flat anvil die worker to do that coefficient of friction is 0.8 between the surface, temperature retention time is that the minimum thickness of original blank multiply by 1.5min/mm, the speed of depressing of maintenance forging press should be less than 1mm/s, the jumping-up deflection of described original blank is reached more than 80%, the biscuit behind the jumping-up is taken off air cooling to room temperature again;
B, carry out blocking and be shaped: the biscuit that obtains in the steps A is made pre-forging, make the metal sendout and the finish-forging spare of pre-forging each several part suitable, and make the shape of pre-forging and finish-forging spare similar;
Step B1: adopt professional software CATIA to carry out the mensuration of each several part volume, and then design the size of pre-forging, and make the volume of pre-forging and finish-forging spare each several part close according to the physical dimension of pre-designed complexity dish cake forging; The volume of pre-forging should be a bit larger tham the volume of finish-forging spare, i.e. volume+overlap the volume of the volume=finish-forging spare of pre-forging; And the maximum ga(u)ge of forging should be less than the maximum ga(u)ge of finish-forging spare in advance, and radial dimension should surpass the radial dimension of overlap bridge portion;
Step B2: after pre-forging designs, also will carry out pre-forging shape and optimized dimensions, select for use the best pre-forging of forming effect to carry out the design of blocker by the finite element modelling that professional Finite Element Simulation Software DEFORM3D forms process;
Step B3: the biscuit that makes in the steps A is heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, be put into after the insulation and carry out the blocking base on the blocker that is heated to uniform temp, temperature retention time is that the minimum thickness of original blank multiply by 1.5min/mm, scribble lubricant on the impression work profile of blocker, the speed of depressing of maintenance forging press should be less than 1mm/s; Pre-forging after the blocking shaping is taken out air cooling to room temperature again in the impression of blocker;
Step C: finish-forging is shaped: adopt anti-squeeze mode of texturing and increase radially two kinds of methods of resistance carry out finish-forging and be shaped:
The pre-forging that makes among the step B is heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, be put into after the insulation and adopt anti-mode of texturing of squeezing to carry out the finish-forging shaping on the finisher that is heated to uniform temp, temperature retention time is that the minimum thickness of original blank multiply by 1.5min/mm, and increases the radially resistance of metal in cavity filling process; Scribble lubricant on the impression work profile of finisher, keep forging press the speed of depressing should be less than 1mm/s, treat that metal is full of the impression of finisher fully after, matched moulds pressurize at least 1 minute die sinking more promptly obtains required finish-forging spare.
Present embodiment is in jumping-up base process, for its streamline is become along hoop or radial distribution, must adopt method for upsetting to be made into biscuit earlier, and the streamline of biscuit must be well radially or hoop distribute and just can prevent the appear generation of defective of finish-forging spare streamline, therefore, the method that has proposed to increase as far as possible the friction between deformation extent (generally should surpass 80%) and blank and mould when the jumping-up base obtains better radially or the hoop streamline, this method can prevent the streamline generation of defects of appearing effectively, shown in Fig. 1 a～1c.Bar is heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, this temperature carries out determining after the fabric analysis to sample after by the hot compression test again.In addition, when jumping-up, the flat anvil die worker does the surface should be coarse as far as possible, and blank and flat anvil die worker do the surface and all do not add any lubricant.
Present embodiment is in blocking base process, and complicated dish cake forging is because complex-shaped, and flowing of metal is difficult to control in the precision form process, thereby the streamline after being shaped also is difficult to estimate.For preventing in the forming process generation of because of the blank localized metallic too much or very few some position of causing or too fast eddy current that causes of the metal flow on the direction or percolation defective, must adopt the blocking preforming to come the metal at each position of reasonable distribution.The metal sendout of the pre-forging each several part of gained should be close with finish-forging spare when present embodiment had proposed the blocking base, promptly must the required amount of metal of accurate Calculation forging each several part, and make both shapes similar as far as possible.Because forging is complex-shaped, adopt modeling software to carry out the mensuration of each several part volume, make the volume of pre-forging and finish-forging spare each several part close by the size of adjusting pre-forging again.Can form overlap after considering finish-forging, the volume of pre-forging should be a bit larger tham the volume of finish-forging spare, i.e. volume+overlap the volume of the volume=finish-forging spare of pre-forging.After pre-forging designs, also to carry out the optimization of pre-forging shape and size by the finite element modelling of forming process.The pre-forging best with forming effect carries out the design of blocker.Carrying out blocking when being shaped, the biscuit behind the jumping-up is being heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, this temperature carries out determining after the fabric analysis to sample after by the hot compression test again.For guaranteeing the smooth filling of blocker, impression work profile is answered smooth and is coated examples of suitable lubricants in this operation.
In the present embodiment finish-forging forming process, for preventing the be shaped generations of the radially a large amount of percolation defectives that cause of flowing fast of later stage metal of finish-forging, proposed to adopt anti-squeeze mode of texturing and increase radially two kinds of methods of resistance carry out finish-forging and be shaped.Anti-crowded mode of texturing as shown in Figure 2.The mode of texturing of finish-forging is squeezed for anti-, the maximum ga(u)ge of pre-forging should be less than the maximum ga(u)ge of finish-forging spare, radial dimension should surpass the radial dimension of overlap bridge portion, being about to bridge portion in the time of can making upper and lower mould just begin to contact like this seals, make metal main filling impression vertically in follow-up stowing operation, thus the percolation defective of avoiding die forging later stage metal radially to flow and cause in a large number.Pre-forging is heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, this temperature by the hot compression test after again sample carry out determining after the fabric analysis.For guaranteeing the smooth filling of finish impression, impression work profile is answered smooth and is coated examples of suitable lubricants in this operation.For guaranteeing that metal can be full of impression fully, answer pressurize die sinking again more than 1 minute behind the matched moulds.
The specific embodiment two: present embodiment is in step C, increasing radially, the mode of resistance is: for center forging with holes, original blank not perforate of center or only open the aperture that diameter is not more than 20mm adds core to increase the radially resistance at endoporus place in finish-forging mold center.Prevent or substantially minimize metal radially to the flowing of center, avoid the percolation generation of defects.Other composition and annexation are identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: present embodiment is in step C, increasing radially, the mode of resistance is: increase the width and the height dimension of overlap bridge portion when the pre-forging of design, can increase the resistance that metal radially flows to overlap, reduce the Radial Flow speed of metal, thereby avoid the percolation generation of defects.Other composition and annexation are identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: present embodiment is in step B, and described lubricant is a colloidal graphite mixed with water.Other composition and annexation are identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment five: present embodiment is in step C, and described lubricant is a colloidal graphite mixed with water.Other composition and annexation are identical with the specific embodiment one.
Embodiment
Shaping 7A09 aluminium alloy annular seat.This forging is a catch basin cake class, thin-walled, screech owl and asymmetricly is the typical complex component of one, and annular seating forging model and streamline require shown in Fig. 3 a～3c, and the shape of forging very complexity and streamline mainly radially distributes.In this technology, adopt the hot extrude bar of φ 65 * 175mm during the jumping-up base, the jumping-up deformation extent is 80%.During jumping-up,, do not add lubricant between blank and mould, also filled up one deck dull-finish steel for increasing friction.After jumping-up is made biscuit, make the blank of shape shown in Fig. 4 a～4b again by blocker, make the maximum ga(u)ge of the maximum ga(u)ge of blank less than finish-forging spare, the maximum ga(u)ge of blank is 18mm in this example.At last by the finisher forging that is shaped, the forging streamline after the shaping as shown in Figure 5, mould presses back pressurize die sinking after 1 minute during finish-forging.For ease of the impression filling, blank surface and impression inner surface have all sprayed colloidal graphite mixed with water when blocking and finish-forging.In the three process, blank all be heated to 450 ℃ and be incubated certain hour after form again, stroke of a press speed is 1mm/s (ginseng Fig. 3 a～3c, Fig. 4 a～4b and Fig. 5).
Claims (5)
1. a complexity is coiled the isothermal precision formed forging flow lines control method of cake forging, and it is characterized in that: the detailed process of described control method is:
A, jumping-up base stage: the physical dimension according to pre-designed complexity dish cake forging is chosen original blank, and the streamline that distributes vertically of original blank is become along hoop or radially-arranged streamline:
The original blank (bar) of complicated dish cake forging of will being used to be shaped is heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, be placed on after the insulation on the flat anvil mould that is heated to uniform temp and carry out jumping-up, keep original blank and flat anvil die worker to do that coefficient of friction is 0.8 between the surface, temperature retention time is that the minimum thickness of original blank multiply by 1.5min/mm, the speed of depressing of maintenance forging press should be less than 1mm/s, the jumping-up deflection of described original blank is reached more than 80%, with the biscuit air cooling behind the jumping-up to room temperature.
B, carry out blocking and be shaped: the biscuit that obtains in the steps A is made pre-forging, make the metal sendout and the finish-forging spare of pre-forging each several part suitable, and make the shape of pre-forging and finish-forging spare similar;
Step B1: adopt professional software CATIA to carry out the mensuration of each several part volume, and then design the size of pre-forging, and make the volume of pre-forging and finish-forging spare each several part close according to the physical dimension of pre-designed complexity dish cake forging; The volume of pre-forging should be a bit larger tham the volume of finish-forging spare, i.e. volume+overlap the volume of the volume=finish-forging spare of pre-forging; And the maximum ga(u)ge of forging should be less than the maximum ga(u)ge of finish-forging spare in advance, and radial dimension should surpass the radial dimension of overlap bridge portion;
Step B2: after pre-forging designs, also will carry out pre-forging shape and optimized dimensions, select for use the best pre-forging of forming effect to carry out the design of blocker by the finite element modelling that professional Finite Element Simulation Software DEFORM3D forms process;
Step B3: the biscuit that makes in the steps A is heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, be put into after the insulation and carry out the blocking base on the blocker that is heated to uniform temp, temperature retention time is that the minimum thickness of original blank multiply by 1.5min/mm, scribble lubricant on the impression work profile of blocker, the speed of depressing of maintenance forging press should be less than 1mm/s; Pre-forging after the blocking shaping is taken out air cooling to room temperature again in the impression of blocker;
Step C: finish-forging is shaped: adopt anti-squeeze mode of texturing and increase radially two kinds of methods of resistance carry out finish-forging and be shaped:
The pre-forging that makes among the step B is heated to a certain temperature below the above fusing point of recrystallization temperature of material therefor, be put into after the insulation and adopt anti-mode of texturing of squeezing to carry out the finish-forging shaping on the finisher that is heated to uniform temp, temperature retention time is that the minimum thickness of original blank multiply by 1.5min/mm, and increases the radially resistance of metal in cavity filling process; Scribble lubricant on the impression work profile of finisher, keep forging press the speed of depressing should be less than 1mm/s, treat that metal is full of the impression of finisher fully after, matched moulds pressurize at least 1 minute die sinking more promptly obtains required finish-forging spare.
2. the isothermal precision formed forging flow lines control method of complicated dish cake forging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step C, increasing radially, the mode of resistance is: for center forging with holes, original blank not perforate of center or only open the aperture that diameter is not more than 20mm adds core to increase the radially resistance at endoporus place in finish-forging mold center.
3. the isothermal precision formed forging flow lines control method of complicated dish cake forging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step C, increasing radially, the mode of resistance is: increase the width and the height dimension of overlap bridge portion when the pre-forging of design.
4. the isothermal precision formed forging flow lines control method of complicated dish cake forging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step B, described lubricant is a colloidal graphite mixed with water.
5. the isothermal precision formed forging flow lines control method of complicated dish cake forging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step C, described lubricant is a colloidal graphite mixed with water.
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2009
- 2009-12-22 CN CN2009100734748A patent/CN101716645B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN112893729A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 南昌航空大学 | Method for forging branch type forge piece |
| CN112935162A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | Method for selectively lubricating and forming large-scale aluminum alloy edge strip type forge piece |
| CN113798418A (en) * | 2021-08-29 | 2021-12-17 | 湖北三环锻造有限公司 | Method for improving forging quality of steering knuckle disk part |
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