CN101709535A - Device and method for manufacturing melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabrics - Google Patents
Device and method for manufacturing melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabrics Download PDFInfo
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- CN101709535A CN101709535A CN200910228402A CN200910228402A CN101709535A CN 101709535 A CN101709535 A CN 101709535A CN 200910228402 A CN200910228402 A CN 200910228402A CN 200910228402 A CN200910228402 A CN 200910228402A CN 101709535 A CN101709535 A CN 101709535A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/0023—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer melt
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method technique for manufacturing melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabrics. The device for manufacturing the melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabrics comprises a material storage tank, a screw extruder, a filter, a measuring pump, a material path, a spinning component, a receiving device and a high-voltage electrostatic generator; and the material path is made of high thermal conductivity insulating ceramics. The method for manufacturing the nano-fiber non-woven fabrics adopts the device for manufacturing the same and comprises the following process steps: (1) preparing a polymer melt; (2) jetting nano-fibers; and (3) molding the non-woven fabrics. By adopting a melting electrostatic spinning technique, the method for manufacturing the nano-fiber non-woven fabrics avoids the pollution problem caused by a solution electrostatic spinning solvent, which is a novel environment-friendly technique for manufacturing the non-woven fabric; and the device is reconstructed on the basis of the conventional screw extrusion melting spinning production equipment to meet the requirement on production, has a low implementation cost, and is easy for industrialized popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the non-weaving cloth technology of field of textiles, be specially a kind of manufacturing equipment and method and technology of melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabric.
Background of invention
Along with the development of nanometer technology, electrostatic spinning technique is subjected to paying close attention to widely in the nano materials research field as a kind of preparation method of effective, practical nanofiber day by day.The patent of relevant electrostatic spinning apparatus appears at 1934 the earliest, by Formhals invention [Formhals A.Process and apparatusfor preparing artificial threads.USP, 1,975,504.], it is that charged spinning solution or melt are flowed in electric field and distortion, solidifies through the cooling of the evaporation of solvent or melt then, obtains the fibrous nonwoven material.Nanofiber has meticulous structure, high porosity, fabulous pliability, adsorptivity, filterability, sticking and property and heat insulating ability, and these excellent performances make nanofiber be widely used in numerous areas such as national defence, medicine, chemical industry and electronics.
Electrostatic spinning can be divided into two kinds of solwution method and fusion methods by the preparation method of spinning solution.Solution electrostatic spinning machine or device mainly comprise spinning head and spinning solution feed system, fiber collecting plate and three major parts of high-voltage generator.Present widely used solution electrostatic spinning apparatus is single shower nozzle or many shower nozzles syringe-type device for spinning, such equipment scale is very little, only can satisfy the laboratory user demand, as Chinese patent 200420020596.3,200410025622.6, disclosed technology such as 200420107832.5, U.S. Pat 6753454, US 6656394, disclosed technology such as US 6713011.2004, intimation this university in Czechly Liberec technology university came out with the nanofiber spinning machine " nanometer spider " of the company's co-production of liking to rein in the horse, for the nanofiber suitability for industrialized production lays the foundation.Subsequently China also successively developed some can be in batches or the solution electrostatic spinning apparatus of large-scale production, report as Chinese patent 200710036447.4,200610028790.X, 200410025622.6, documents such as 200610036635.2.Solwution method electrostatic spinning process is simple, be easy to control, thereby receives very big concern, and development speed is very fast.Existing in the world at present nearly hundreds of polymer adopts the solwution method electrostatic spinning technique successfully to make nanofiber and non-weaving cloth thereof, related fiber comprises conventional spinning raw material such as terylene and nylon 6 etc., conducting polymer composite such as polyaniline etc., bioabsorbable polymer material such as polypeptide and collagen etc., degradable high polymer material such as poly-epsilon-caprolactone and poly-glycolide, elastomer, [Doshi J. such as large biological molecule and conducting polymer, Reneker D.H.Electrospinning process and applications ofelectrospun fibers.Journal of Electrostatics, 1995,35:151.].But the solwution method electrostatic spinning is to need to adopt toxicity or hypotoxic volatile organic solvent in the deficiency of the polymer nanofiber non-weaving cloth maximum of preparation, and the volatilization of organic solvent and the remnants in non-weaving cloth thereof can cause problems such as health of human body and environmental pollution.
The fusion method electrostatic spinning technique does not need with an organic solvent, but the polymer melt that directly high voltage electric field is acted on fusion carries out spinning, does not have organic solvent contamination problem.Larrondo had proposed melting electrostatic spinning technology first in 1981, because the melting electrostatic spinning need not used solvent and directly polymer melt be carried out the attention that spinning has caused people.[Jason L, Christopher L, Frank K.Polymer such as Jason L, 2004,45, (22): 7597-7603] studied melting electrostatic spinning technology polypropylene nano fiber, discover that polypropylene molecule amount and melt index are bigger to the fibre diameter influence.[Yuan Xiaoyan such as Yuan Xiaoyan, Wu Weixing, Shengjing city. University Of Tianjin's journal, 2006,39 (10): 1232-1236.], studied the influence of the mass ratio of PE/PP and receiving range to fusion electrospinning fibre pattern and diameter at polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) co-mixing system fusion electrospinning.Nanofibers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, PLA have been prepared although adopted melting electrostatic spinning technology at present, but big portion adopts the single shower nozzle spinning equipment of plunger type, throughput rate is extremely low, and the fiber of gained is thicker, mostly more than 1 μ m, have in addition highly several microns even tens microns.[Cheng Bowen such as Cheng Bowen, Kang Weimin, Li Quanxiang etc. a kind of electro-spinning nano fibre nonwoven production apparatus. Chinese patent: 200810153891.9] in Chinese patent 200810153891.9, reported a kind of dual-purpose electrostatic spinning machine of solution, melt solution of batch (-type) mass production.By contrast, the melting electrostatic spinning did not obtain too big progress in more than 20 years, particularly on its equipment, the report that is suitable for industrial continuous production melting electrostatic spinning equipment was not arranged so far.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that quasi-solution of the present invention is determined provides a kind of preparation facilities and method of melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabric.The preparation method of this nano-fiber for production of non-woven have can be continuously produced, the output height, and the nanofiber diameter of being produced is thin, the advantage of narrowly distributing, has avoided solution electrostatic spinning solvent contamination problem simultaneously; The employed manufacturing equipment of this preparation method is to transform to form on existing screw rod is extruded the production line basis of melt spinning, have simple to operate, industrializing implementation is easy etc.
The technical scheme that the present invention solve the technical problem is: the manufacturing equipment that designs a kind of melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabric, comprise material storing box, screw extruder, filter, measuring pump, material road, spinning pack, receiving system and HV generator, it is characterized in that described material road adopts the high heat conductive insulating pottery to make, described spinning pack, one side of its spinning head is provided with binding post, this binding post is connected with HV generator, and described receiving system receives cylinder or receives lace curtaining for the metal that links to each other with ground.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves described preparation method's technical problem is: design a kind of manufacture method of nano-fiber for production of non-woven, comprise the steps:
(1) polymer melt preparation, the fluoropolymer resin that drying is good with mix in high-speed mixer with the slaine additive that accounts for its mass percent 0.1～1% after, drop in the material storing box, fluoropolymer resin melt extrudes through screw extruder, enters spinning pack by filter, measuring pump, material road successively then;
Described polymer is a thermoplastic polymer, comprises a kind of in polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyurethane, PLA, the Kynoar etc.; Described slaine additive is a chlorate, comprises a kind of in sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, the calcium chloride, and the particle diameter average grain diameter is no more than 100nm;
(2) nanofiber sprays, and opens HV generator, sets required voltage, polymer melt under the high-pressure electrostatic effect from the ejection of spinning pack high speed, and under high voltage electrostatic field division, drawing-off to nano-scale fiber;
Its range of voltage values of described HV generator is 10～60kV; Described nanofiber diameter scope is between 50～1000nm;
(3) non-weaving cloth moulding, nanofiber sprays the receiving system to ground connection under the electric field force effect, by adjusting spinning pack to distance between receiving system and cylinder or lace curtaining speed, nanofiber is collected on the receiving system with fibroreticulate form, and self bonding effect between the dependence fiber, make suitably quantitative described nano-fiber for production of non-woven after the cooling;
Described die head and receiving system distance range be at 5～50cm, the quantitative scope 1g/m of described nano-fiber for production of non-woven
2～30g/m
2
Compared with prior art, the manufacturing equipment of nano-fiber for production of non-woven of the present invention is because by screw extruder continuous fusion extruded polymer melt, the spinning head of the single many spinneret orifices tapered runner of particular design structure, realize the serialization production of melting electrostatic spinning, improved melting electrostatic spinning output greatly; This equipment adopts high heat conductive insulating ceramic material road to be connected measuring pump and applies the spinning pack of high-pressure electrostatic, has avoided charged problems such as screw extruder, filter, measuring pump; The existing screw rod of this equipment utilization is extruded on the basis of melt spinning production equipment transformation can satisfy production requirement, and implementation cost is low, and industrialization promotion is easy.According to the receiving system difference, can be designed to horizontal and vertical structure, wherein receiving system is the horizontal melting electrostatic frame of being called that receives cylinder, is the vertical melting electrostatic frame of being called that receives lace curtaining.The preparation method of nano-fiber for production of non-woven of the present invention adopts melting electrostatic spinning technology, has avoided solution electrostatic spinning solvent contamination problem, is a kind of environmentally friendly novel non-woven cloth production technology; Because this production method high-pressure electrostatic directly acts on spinning pack, melt carried charge height and homogeneous are compared with existing melting electrostatic textile product, the thinner and narrowly distributing of fibre diameter in the non-weaving cloth that the inventive method is produced, product good uniformity.In addition, preparation method of the present invention can select the different size screw extruder satisfying the requirement of different thermoplastic polymers production of resins, thereby has the advantage of the wide and easy innovative product of the adaptation of product.Experiment shows that the nanofiber diameter scope that preparation method of the present invention produced is between 50～1000nm; The quantitative scope of non-weaving cloth is 1g/m
2～30g/m
2, product irregularity≤5%.
Picture and text are simply described
Fig. 1 is horizontal melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabric manufacturing equipment;
Fig. 2 is vertical melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabric manufacturing equipment;
Fig. 3 is an ejection assemblies spinning head schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Further narrate the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof:
The manufacturing equipment of the melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabric of the present invention's design (is called for short manufacturing equipment, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2), comprise material storing box 1, screw extruder 2, filter 3, measuring pump 4, material road 5, spinning pack 6, receiving system 7 and HV generator 8.
Described material storing box 1, screw extruder 2, filter 3 and measuring pump 4 are the conventional equipment that uses in the existing melt spinning prior art, can select different size equipment combination collocation according to different Polymer Processing needs.
Described material road 5 adopts the high heat conductive insulating pottery to make, and preferred alumina content is higher than 95% corundum ceramic pipe, and this earthenware has high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, anti-oxidant, the dielectric strength height, the characteristics that thermal shock performance is good, its breakdown strength are not less than the about 29.2W/m.k of 15kV/mm. thermal conductivity factor.
Described spinning pack 6 (Fig. 3) is characterised in that single many spinneret pore structures of its spinning head 62 particular design tapered runners 61, and is provided with binding post 63 in a side of spinning head 62, and this binding post links to each other with the positive pole 81 of HV generator 8.
The high direct voltage static of described HV generator 8 exportable 0～100kV, its voltage can be positive electricity, also can negative electricity, the melt that ejection assemblies 6 is extruded produces a large amount of jets at the spray-hole place.
Metal roller (Fig. 1) or the lace curtaining (Fig. 2) of described receiving system 7 for linking to each other with ground, the material that receives cylinder or lace curtaining can be metals such as stainless steel, copper, main effect is the collected polymer nanofiber, and the purpose of ground connection is to make itself and 6 of ejection assemblies form the high-voltage electrostatic field.Described ejection assemblies 6 is an adjustable structure with receiving system 7 distance (abbreviation receiving range) between the two, and embodiment designs receiving range) be 5～50cm, in order to the size of change high-pressure electrostatic field intensity, and then the distance of change jet move distance.
Based on manufacturing equipment of the present invention, the present invention has designed a kind of manufacture method of nano-fiber for production of non-woven simultaneously, comprises the steps:
1. polymer melt preparation, the fluoropolymer resin that drying is good with mix in high-speed mixer with the slaine additive that accounts for its mass percent 0.1～1% after, drop in the material storing box, fluoropolymer resin melt extrudes through screw extruder, enters spinning pack by filter, measuring pump, material road successively then;
Polymer of the present invention is a thermoplastic polymer, comprises a kind of in polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyurethane, PLA, the Kynoar etc.The thermoplastic resin molecular weight that the present invention uses is the spinning level.
Slaine additive of the present invention is a chlorate, comprises a kind of in sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, the calcium chloride, preferred sodium chloride.Its effect improves the conductance of polymer melt, helps polymer melt to divide in electric field, refinement.The chlorate that the present invention uses is technical grade, and the particle diameter average grain diameter is no more than 100nm, preferred 10～30nm.
2. nanofiber sprays, and opens HV generator, setting voltage value, polymer melt under the high-pressure electrostatic effect from the ejection of spinning pack high speed, and under high voltage electrostatic field division, drawing-off to nano-scale fiber;
Electrostatic spinning prepares the nanofiber technology and had report as far back as 1934.Its basic principle is: be the hemispherical of convex usually at molten of the capillary top or melt, when applying a certain current potential at drop or bath surface, the curvature of drop or melt curved surface will change gradually, when current potential reached a certain critical value, hemispheric drop or melt can change taper (taylor cone) into.When voltage continues to increase, the surface tension that drop or melt will overcome itself is ejected from taper, form and spray thread, unsteady motion takes place as " whip is moving " and division in the injection thread in extra electric field, and solvent evaporates or melt curing simultaneously obtains nanofiber.
Its range of voltage values of HV generator of the present invention is 10～60kV; Described nanofiber diameter scope is between 50～1000nm.
3. non-weaving cloth moulding, nanofiber sprays the receiving system to ground connection under the electric field force effect, by adjusting spinning pack to distance between receiving system and receiving system speed, nanofiber is collected on the receiving system with fibroreticulate form, and self bonding effect between the dependence fiber, make suitably quantitative described nano-fiber for production of non-woven after the cooling.
Die head of the present invention with receive the lace curtaining distance range at 5～50cm, the quantitative scope 1g/m of described nano-fiber for production of non-woven
2～30g/m
2
Preparation method's of the present invention concrete production process following (referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2):
(a). according to the described resin slicer raw material of technological requirement vacuumize;
(b). the described resin slicer that drying is good mixes with slaine fluoropolymer resin in the high-speed mixer high speed;
(c). in the material storing box 1 with the sealing of the fluoropolymer resin raw material input that mixes;
(d). resin is through stirring, the mobile good resin melt of fusing preparation of screw extruder 2;
(e). resin melt enters filament spinning component 6 through filter 3, measuring pump 4 backs by ceramic material road 5;
(f). resin melt under screw extruder 1 squeezing action and effect at electrostatic field (10～60kV), spray at a high speed at the nozzle place, spray-hole 62 place of filament spinning component 6, and then the nanofiber that diameter is 50～1000nm is made in the cracking drawing-off;
(g). regulate receiving range (5～50cm), described nanofiber is collected on the receiving system 7 of metal roller or metal lace curtaining, become fiber web, fiber cooling back relies on the cementation of self to prepare described nano-fiber for production of non-woven, is wound into product according to the speed output of setting.
The key technical indexes and the assay method thereof of nano-fiber for production of non-woven of the present invention are:
Nanofiber diameter---adopt its diameter of the JEOL JSM-6700F of company type scanning electron microscopy measurement, 10000 times of discharge multiples; Non-weaving cloth is quantitative---measures according to standard GB/T24218.1-2009.
Provide the specific embodiment of preparation side of the present invention below, but the scope of application of the present invention is not limited.
Embodiment:
The manufacturing equipment of a kind of melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabric as shown in Figure 1, 2 comprises material storing box 1, screw extruder 2, filter 3, measuring pump 4, material road 5, spinning pack 6, receiving system 7 and HV generator 8.During work, the fluoropolymer resin that drying is good with mix in high-speed mixer with the slaine additive that accounts for its mass percent 0.1～1% after, drop in the material storing box 1, fluoropolymer resin melt extrudes through screw extruder 2, enters spinning pack 6 by filter 3, measuring pump 4, material road 5 successively then; Open HV generator 8, set certain voltage value, polymer melt spray-hole 62 nozzle places from spinning pack 6 under the high-pressure electrostatic effect spray the high speed ejection at a high speed, and division, drawing-off under high voltage electrostatic field, make nano-scale fiber; Meanwhile, nanofiber sprays under the electric field force effect to the genus cylinder of ground connection or metal lace curtaining receiving system 7, by adjusting spinning pack 6 to 7 distances of receiving system and drum speed, nanofiber is collected in fibroreticulate form to be received on the cylinder 7, and self bonding effect between the dependence fiber, make suitably quantitative described nano-fiber for production of non-woven after the cooling.Table 1 is that several polymer melt static spin the specific embodiment technological parameter.
It is quantitative to measure nanofiber diameter and nano-fiber for production of non-woven.
Claims (3)
1. the manufacturing equipment of a melting electrostatic spinning nano-fiber non-woven fabric comprises material storing box, screw extruder, filter, measuring pump, material road, spinning pack, receiving system and HV generator; It is characterized in that described material road adopts the high heat conductive insulating pottery to make, described receiving system be reception cylinder or the reception lace curtaining that links to each other with the earth polar.
2. spinning pack according to claim 1 is characterised in that a side of its spinning head is provided with binding post, and this binding post is connected with HV generator.
3. a production method that adopts device as claimed in claim 1 to make nano-fiber for production of non-woven comprises the steps:
(1) polymer melt preparation, after the fluoropolymer resin that drying is good mixes in high-speed mixer with the slaine additive that accounts for its mass percent 0.1～1%, drop in the material storing box, fluoropolymer resin melt extrudes through screw extruder, enters spinning pack by filter, measuring pump, material road successively then;
Described polymer is a thermoplastic polymer, comprises a kind of in polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyurethane, PLA, the Kynoar etc.; Described slaine additive is a chlorate, comprises a kind of in sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, the calcium chloride, and average particle size is no more than 100nm;
(2) nanofiber sprays, and opens HV generator, setting voltage value, polymer melt under the high-pressure electrostatic effect from the ejection of spinning pack high speed, and under high voltage electrostatic field division, drawing-off to nano-scale fiber;
Its range of voltage values of described HV generator is 10～60kV; Described nanofiber diameter scope is between 50～1000nm;
(3) non-weaving cloth moulding, nanofiber sprays the reception cylinder to ground connection under the electric field force effect, by adjusting spinning pack to distance between receiving system and cylinder or lace curtaining speed, nanofiber is collected on the receiving system with fibroreticulate form, and self bonding effect between the dependence fiber, make suitably quantitative described nano-fiber for production of non-woven after the cooling;
Described die head with receive the lace curtaining distance range at 5～50cm, the quantitative scope 1g/m of described nano-fiber for production of non-woven
2～30g/m
2
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| CN111575821A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-25 | 张志成 | Non-woven fabric recovery processing device |
| CN111575821B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-12-18 | 滕州永喜无纺布有限公司 | Non-woven fabric recovery processing device |
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