CN101708407B - Method and device for filtering dust by adopting nuclear pore membrane - Google Patents
Method and device for filtering dust by adopting nuclear pore membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN101708407B CN101708407B CN200910223220XA CN200910223220A CN101708407B CN 101708407 B CN101708407 B CN 101708407B CN 200910223220X A CN200910223220X A CN 200910223220XA CN 200910223220 A CN200910223220 A CN 200910223220A CN 101708407 B CN101708407 B CN 101708407B
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 210000004492 nuclear pore Anatomy 0.000 title abstract 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 206010035653 pneumoconiosis Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010016654 Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004761 fibrosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001755 vocal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of labor protection methods and devices, and provides a method and a device for filtering dust by using a nuclear pore membrane, which specifically comprise a protective helmet, a head fixing support, a nuclear pore membrane filtering system, an air compression system and a dust mask, wherein the protective helmet is internally provided with the head fixing support, and the device is characterized in that: the aperture size of the nuclear pore membrane is 0.5-2 mu m, the nuclear pore membrane filtering system is fixed in the head fixing support and is connected with an air compression system fixed outside the protective helmet through an air inlet air guide pipe, the air compression system compresses clean air filtered by the nuclear pore membrane and sprays the clean air into the dustproof mask through an air supply air guide pipe, the air pressure in the dustproof mask is kept at 1.20-1.25 atm, and therefore air with dust outside the dustproof mask is prevented from entering. The invention has the advantages of high dust filtering efficiency, smooth breathing, convenient cleaning and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the labor protection technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method and apparatus that adopts the nucleopore membranes filtering dust.
Background technology
Pneumoconiosis is owing to sucking industrial dust and retention causes in lung is master's systemic disease with the lung tissue diffuse fibrosis in that vocational activity is medium-term and long-term, and the industry midium or long terms such as exploitation, pulverizing, transportation and machine-building, building of being more common in colliery and other ores contact the workman colony of industrial dust.China receives the most serious country of pneumoconiosis harm in the world; The whole nation has 2,100 ten thousand workmans to be engaged in the work of regular contact dust in various mines at present; Make a definite diagnosis pneumoconiosis case 10,000 people every year, totally made a definite diagnosis so far and nearly 1,000,000 people of doubtful pneumoconiosis case by nineteen fifty generation.
Under present medical skill condition, pneumoconiosis can not be cured, and mainly to put prevention first, wherein modal method is to adopt the airborne dust of anti-dust respirator filtering.Normally used mouth mask adopts the method for cellulosic material deep layer absorption, and general mouth mask is very thick, unsmooth breath, and can only the bigger grit of filtering, very poor to the grit filter effect below the 10 μ m, therefore, the effect of cellulose mask prevention pneumoconiosis is relatively poor.
Nucleopore membranes is a kind of high-tech product that is formed by nuclear processing facility processing; Has the formed micron-sized micropore of nuclear track on the film; The pore size of micropore is even, and hole shape round and smooth, hole density are that every square centimeter of hundreds of thousands is individual; Even up to a million, as required can be through controlling the nucleopore membranes that nuclear radiation condition and etching condition obtain different apertures and hole density.Adopt the dust particle of nucleopore membranes, have filter efficiency height, durable, filtering layer convenience for washing, advantage such as reusable as specified particle diameter in the filter course filtering air.
Chinese patent CN2469936Y and CN2612401Y disclose two kinds of anti-dust respirators that adopt nucleopore membranes.Wherein CN2469936Y does not offer some clarification on the nucleopore pore size of used nucleopore membranes.The utility model that CN2612401Y announced; The structure of its gauze ectonexine can cause unsmooth breath; And it is 15nm-8 μ m that this utility model requires the nucleopore membranes pore diameter range of protection, if used nucleopore membranes aperture is too small, then can cause unsmooth breath; If used nucleopore membranes aperture is excessive, then do not have the effect of prevention pneumoconiosis.
Summary of the invention
(1) goal of the invention
The present invention is directed to the weak point of anti-dust respirator in the prior art, a kind of method and apparatus that adopts the nucleopore membranes filtering dust is provided.
(2) technical scheme
Result according to clinical research; Diameter is adsorbed by people's nasal cavity greater than the grit of 10 μ m basically; Diameter mainly rests on respiratory tract at the grit of 5～10 μ m; The grit major sedimentary of diameter 2～5 μ m has only the grit below the diameter 2 μ m can arrive lung on medium and small bronchial mucosal wall, and wherein the grit below the diameter 0.5 μ m is breathed out by respiration more than 80%.Therefore, the grit of diameter 0.5～2 μ m is the main cause that causes pneumoconiosis.
According to above-mentioned result of study, the present invention provides following technical scheme.
A kind of device of realizing above-mentioned employing nucleopore membranes filtering dust method; Comprise protective helmet, head fixed support, nucleopore membranes filtration system, air compression system and dust mask; The inside of protective helmet is provided with the head fixed support, and key is that used nucleopore membranes pore size is 0.5～2 μ m; The nucleopore membranes filtration system is fixed in the head fixed support; And through the air inlet wireway be fixed on protective helmet air outside compressibility and link to each other, air compression system will pass through the pure air compression that nucleopore membranes is filtered, and spray into dust mask through the air-supply wireway; Air pressure in the dust mask remains on 1.20～1.25atm, thereby isolated dust mask has the air of dust outward.
Described head fixed support, can disassemble on protective helmet through snap fit as required, and the nucleopore membranes filtration system is cleaned.
Described nucleopore membranes filtration system comprises filtered through gauze layer, nucleopore membranes filter course, supporting network and sealing gasket.Said filtered through gauze layer, nucleopore membranes filter course, supporting network and sealing gasket all embed the head fixed support and by sealing ring sealing, and the nucleopore membranes filter course is supported by the supporting network that is positioned at below it.The head fixed support is positioned at the above side of filtered through gauze layer and has some apertures, and after air flowed into thus, through the big grit of gauze filter course filtering, filtering through the nucleopore membranes filter course then became pure air.Constitute clean air chamber between supporting network and the sealing gasket.
Said nucleopore membranes filter course is made up of 2～5 layers of nucleopore membranes that stacks gradually, and this nucleopore membranes adopts the PET film of thickness 7～12 μ m, and its one deck aperture away from clean air chamber is 1.8～2.0 μ m, is 0.3～0.5 μ m near one deck aperture of clean air chamber.
Said air compression system is made up of battery, lead, micro air pump, air inlet wireway and air-supply wireway, and the air inlet wireway passes the head fixed support and links to each other with clean air chamber, and itself and head fixed support are joined and located to be sealed by sealing ring.
For being with flexible sealed bolster, the space between air-supply wireway and the dust mask is sealed by sealing ring around the said dust mask, and air supply direction is served as reasons to go up downwards and blown.
Be equipped with check valve under the said dust mask, check valve is made up of unidirectional wireway, and its operating pressure is 1.3～1.35atm.During expiration, the dust mask internal gas pressure increases, one-way valve opens, combustion gas; When air-breathing, the dust mask internal gas pressure reduces, and check valve is closed, prevents that the outer air of wearing dust from getting into.
A kind of method that adopts the nucleopore membranes filtering dust; By the airborne dust of above-mentioned nucleopore membranes filtration system filtering; Key is; Used nucleopore membranes pore size is 0.5～2 μ m, and the pure air that the process nucleopore membranes is filtered sprays into dust mask after being compressed by above-mentioned air compression system, and the air pressure in the dust mask remains on 1.20～1.25atm.
(3) beneficial effect
The invention provides a kind of method and device thereof that adopts the nucleopore membranes filtering dust of special pore size distribution size, used nucleopore membranes pore size is 0.5～2 μ m.The pure air that the process nucleopore membranes is filtered sprays in the dust mask after being compressed by air compression system, the interior air pressure of dust mask is remained be higher than external atmosphere pressure, gets into to prevent the extraneous air of dust of being with.The present invention has the efficiency of dust filtration height, breathes unobstructedly, is convenient to advantages such as cleaning.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the sectional view of the device of employing nucleopore membranes filtering dust.
Wherein 1 is protective helmet, and 2 is the head fixed support, and 3 is the filtered through gauze layer, and 4 is supporting network; 5 is the nucleopore membranes filter course, and 6 is sealing gasket, and 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f are first to the 6th sealing ring, and 8 is clean air chamber; 9 is battery, and 10 is lead, and 11 is micro air pump, and 12 are the air inlet wireway; 13 are the air-supply wireway, and 14 is dust mask, and 15 is check valve.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Embodiment one
Accompanying drawing has shown a kind of device that adopts the nucleopore membranes filtering dust, specifically comprises protective helmet 1, head fixed support 2, nucleopore membranes filtration system, air compression system and dust mask 14.The inside of protective helmet 1 is provided with head fixed support 2; The nucleopore membranes filtration system is fixed in the head fixed support 2; And through air inlet wireway 12 be fixed on protective helmet 1 air outside compressibility and link to each other, air compression system will pass through the pure air compression that nucleopore membranes is filtered, and spray into dust mask 14 through air-supply wireway 13; Make the air pressure in the dust mask 14 be higher than external atmosphere pressure all the time, thus the isolated dust mask 14 outer air that have dust.
In the said apparatus, head fixed support 2, can disassemble on protective helmet 1 through snap fit as required, and the nucleopore membranes filtration system is cleaned.
Described nucleopore membranes filtration system comprises filtered through gauze layer 3, nucleopore membranes filter course 5, supporting network 4 and sealing gasket 6.Wherein filtered through gauze layer 3, supporting network 4, nucleopore membranes filter course 5 and sealing gasket 6 all embed in the head fixed support 2, and respectively by the slit first to the 4th sealing ring 7a, 7c, 7b, 7d sealing itself and the head fixed support 2.Said nucleopore membranes filter course 5 is supported by the supporting network 4 that is positioned at below it.Constitute clean air chamber 8 between supporting network 4 and the sealing gasket 6.
Said nucleopore membranes filter course 5 is made up of the nucleopore membranes of two-layer stacked on top of one another.Wherein the nucleopore membranes aperture, upper strata away from clean air chamber 8 is preferably 2 μ m, looks the nucleopore membranes that concrete condition also can be selected 1.8～2 μ m apertures for use; Lower floor nucleopore membranes aperture near clean air chamber is 0.5 μ m, looks the nucleopore membranes that concrete condition also can be selected 0.3～0.5 aperture for use.This nucleopore membranes preferred thickness is the PET nucleopore membranes of 10 μ m, also can select other nucleopore membranes of 7～12 μ m thickness as required for use.
Said air compression system is made up of battery 9, lead 10, micro air pump 11, air inlet wireway 12 and air-supply conduit 13; Air inlet wireway 12 passes head fixed support 2 and links to each other with clean air chamber 8, and itself and head fixed support 2 are joined and located to be sealed by the 5th sealing ring 7e.Said micro air pump 11 is selected suitable power, can make the air pressure in the dust mask 14 be kept above external atmosphere pressure.Breathe consideration smoothly from dustproof effect and wearer, the preferred 1.2atm of this air pressure also can float between 1.2～1.25atm.
Said dust mask 14 material therefors are plastics or rubber, and the space between air-supply wireway 13 and the dust mask 14 is sealed by the 6th sealing ring 7f, and air supply direction is served as reasons to go up downwards and blown.
Be equipped with check valve 15 under the said dust mask 14, check valve 15 is made up of unidirectional wireway.The preferred 1.3atm of the operating pressure of said check valve 15, according to the situation of dust mask 14 internal gas pressures, the operating pressure that can select check valve 15 is between 1.3～1.35atm.During expiration, dust mask 14 internal gas pressures increase, and check valve 15 is opened, combustion gas; When air-breathing, dust mask 14 internal gas pressures reduce, and check valve 15 closures prevent that the outer air of wearing dust from getting into.
Embodiment two
Like the device of embodiment one described employing nucleopore membranes filtering dust, other conditions are constant, are with the difference of embodiment one: said nucleopore membranes filter course 5 is made up of three layers, four layers or five layers of nucleopore membranes that stacks gradually from top to bottom.Wherein the last layer nucleopore membranes aperture away from clean air chamber 8 is preferably 2 μ m, looks the nucleopore membranes that concrete condition also can be selected 1.8～2 μ m apertures for use; Basecoat nucleopore membranes aperture near clean air chamber is 0.5 μ m, looks the nucleopore membranes that concrete condition also can be selected 0.3～0.5 aperture for use; The pore size of its intermediate layer nucleopore membranes and successively decreases all within 0.5～2 μ m from top to bottom.
For three layers nucleopore membranes filter course, its preferred aperture of intermediate layer nucleopore membranes is the nucleopore membranes of 1.2 μ m, also can select the nucleopore membranes in other apertures in 0.5～2 mu m range for use.For four layers nucleopore membranes filter course, wherein between two-layer nucleopore membranes aperture be preferably 1.5 μ m and 1.0 μ m successively, also can select other apertures in 0.5～2 mu m range for use and make its lower floor nucleopore membranes aperture be not more than nucleopore membranes aperture, upper strata.Nucleopore membranes filter course for five layers; Three layers nucleopore membranes aperture is preferably 1.6 μ m, 1.2 μ m, 0.8 μ m from top to bottom successively wherein, also can select other apertures in 0.5～2 mu m range for use and make its lower floor nucleopore membranes aperture be not more than nucleopore membranes aperture, upper strata.
Above content is to combine preferred embodiment to specify what the present invention did, can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention only limits to these explanations.Under the present invention, the those of ordinary skill of technical field, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design, can also make some simple deductions and conversion, all should be regarded as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. device that adopts the nucleopore membranes filtering dust; Comprise protective helmet (1), head fixed support (2), nucleopore membranes filtration system, air compression system and dust mask (14); Head fixed support (2) is fixed in the protective helmet (1); It is characterized in that: the nucleopore membranes filtration system comprises filtered through gauze layer (3), nucleopore membranes filter course (5), supporting network (4) and sealing gasket (6); Filtered through gauze layer (3), nucleopore membranes filter course (5), supporting network (4) and sealing gasket (6) all embed in the head fixed support (2) and by first to the 4th sealing ring (7a ~ 7d) sealing; The used nucleopore membranes pore size of nucleopore membranes filter course (5) be 0.5 ~ 2
; Nucleopore membranes filter course (5) is supported by the supporting network (4) that is positioned at below it, constitutes clean air chamber (8) between supporting network (4) and the sealing gasket (6); Air compression system is made up of battery (9), lead (10), micro air pump (11), air inlet wireway (12) and air-supply wireway (13); Battery (9), lead (10) and micro air pump (11) are fixed on protective helmet (1) outside; Air inlet wireway (12) passes that head fixed support (2) links to each other with clean air chamber (8) and is sealed the slit of itself and head fixed support (2) by the 5th sealing ring (7e); Micro air pump (11) will pass through the pure air compression that nucleopore membranes is filtered, and spray into dust mask (14) through air-supply wireway (13); Slit between air-supply wireway (13) and the dust mask (14) is by the 6th sealing ring (7f) sealing, and the air pressure in the dust mask (14) remains on 1.20 ~ 1.25atm.
2. according to the device of the said employing nucleopore membranes of claim 1 filtering dust, it is characterized in that: head fixed support (2) passes through snap fit in protective helmet (1).
3. according to the device of the said employing nucleopore membranes of claim 1 filtering dust, it is characterized in that: nucleopore membranes filter course (5) by 2 ~ 5 layer thicknesses be 7 ~ 12
the PET nucleopore membranes stack gradually and form.
4. according to the device of claim 1 or 3 said employing nucleopore membranes filtering dusts; It is characterized in that: nucleopore membranes filter course (5) away from one deck nucleopore membranes aperture of clean air chamber (8) be 1.8 ~ 2.0
, near one deck nucleopore membranes aperture of clean air chamber (8) be 0.3 ~ 0.5
.
5. according to the device of the said employing nucleopore membranes of claim 1 filtering dust, it is characterized in that: for be with flexible sealed bolster, serve as reasons go up downwards blow all around by air supply direction for dust mask (14).
6. according to the device of claim 1 or 5 said employing nucleopore membranes filtering dusts, it is characterized in that: be equipped with check valve (15) under the said dust mask (14), check valve (15) is made up of unidirectional wireway, and its operating pressure is 1.3 ~ 1.35atm.
7. method that adopts the nucleopore membranes filtering dust; By the airborne dust of nucleopore membranes filtration system filtering described in the claim 1; It is characterized in that: used nucleopore membranes pore size be 0.5 ~ 2
; The pure air that the process nucleopore membranes is filtered sprays into dust mask after being compressed by the air compression system described in the claim 1, and the air pressure in the dust mask remains on 1.20 ~ 1.25atm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910223220XA CN101708407B (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2009-11-20 | Method and device for filtering dust by adopting nuclear pore membrane |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910223220XA CN101708407B (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2009-11-20 | Method and device for filtering dust by adopting nuclear pore membrane |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101708407A CN101708407A (en) | 2010-05-19 |
| CN101708407B true CN101708407B (en) | 2012-03-07 |
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| CN200910223220XA Active CN101708407B (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2009-11-20 | Method and device for filtering dust by adopting nuclear pore membrane |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103830980A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-06-04 | 吕晓莉 | Efficient haze filtering nuclear pore membrane filter and efficient haze filtering nuclear pore membrane respirator |
| CN114010970B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-05-05 | 中国矿业大学 | Self-cleaning type filtering air supply half-face respirator |
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