CN1016999B - Hydrocarbons detecting method of prospecting earthquake - Google Patents
Hydrocarbons detecting method of prospecting earthquakeInfo
- Publication number
- CN1016999B CN1016999B CN 87107616 CN87107616A CN1016999B CN 1016999 B CN1016999 B CN 1016999B CN 87107616 CN87107616 CN 87107616 CN 87107616 A CN87107616 A CN 87107616A CN 1016999 B CN1016999 B CN 1016999B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- road
- value
- filtering
- seismic
- hydrocarbon
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon detecting method for seismic prospecting, which is the method of using digital seismic records to directly find the oil gas. The basic processing is carried out on any seismic processor. The seismic characteristic parameter lambda (t) which can indicate the presence of oil gas is calculated according to a formula of the method, and the formula can be calculated according to each sampling point. If the sampling point crosses over a hydrocarbon reservoir (or falls in layer), the formula can obtain one bigger value of lambda (t), or the value of lambda (t) is smaller. A hydrocarbon detecting diagram is obtained after displayed by machine internal symbols by dividing lambda (t) of every track into grades. The diagram has statistical effect and can display the whole form corresponding to oil storage air belts on superimposing sectional planes.
Description
Detecting method for seismic prospecting hydrocarbons is a kind of digital seismogram that utilizes, and comes the method for direct oil prospecting gas finding by suitable digital processing.
At present, utilize the method for the direct oil prospecting gas finding of digital seismogram, mainly contain following three kinds.
Bright spot, flat spot, dim spot analysis.(seeing " PRINCIPLE OF SEISMIC PROSPECTING WITH and method ", institution of higher education's teaching material, Geology Publishing House, 1986)
On the bright spot section, find above-mentioned 3 points, might find: the surface of contact of shale and gas sand; The surface of contact of gas sand and water bearing sand or gas sand and oil-bearing sand; The circle, top of gas, some amplitude anomaly on section not all is that oil gas gathers, and is common phenomena.Therefore, this technology at the example of China's success seldom.
Detect display technique, be called for short the HCI display technique.(seeing " PRINCIPLE OF SEISMIC PROSPECTING WITH and method ", institution of higher education's teaching material, Geology Publishing House, 1986) this method is that the multiple seismic character parameter that the comprehensive utilization hydrocarbon exists is determined oil gas accumulation zone.Wherein mainly use energy, frequency, speed, tens kinds of parameters such as absorption coefficient are determined.Speed is low, and dominant frequency is low, the big place of energy proportion that low-frequency band is logical, possible gassiness.The example that success is abroad arranged, domestic not very success.
The research of amplitude and geophone offset relation.It is the geology cause that the research reflection coefficient changes with incident angle for (seeing " oil-gas exploration collected translation " 1987, the first phase).If certain layer of amplitude increases with geophone offset, then this layer gassiness.Can distinguish true and false bright spot with it; Can obtain gas-oil surface information; Can tentatively do lithologic analysis.Domestic do not have application example as yet.Two-layer gassiness about in the ground, the upper strata is handy with this method, and lower floor may can not show.
Said method is not at the thin layer design of of reservoir hydrocarbon, has a large amount of thin layers in the actual formation, so they all have significant limitation.
Theoretical method is according to 3 points are arranged:
(1) frequency is low unusual: when seismic event passes oily saturated sandstone, the dominant frequency of ripple will significantly reduce and frequency of seismic wave high more, this phenomenon is serious more; Near the energy of the low-frequency component the frequency spectrum 10HZ increases.
(2) according to the principle of making composite traces, think that approx a reflection record road is the convolution result of reflection coefficient sequence with seismic wavelet.If R(t) be reflection coefficient sequence, S(t) be seismic wavelet, reflection record road f(t) equal approx:
f
（t）＝∫
T OS（τ）R（t-τ）dτ
Like this, the amplitude of reflection wavelet, phase place is decided by the reflection coefficient of interface.T-R(t) total length.
(3) " geophysical prospecting for oil ", 1987, the first phase, says in the article " frequecy characteristic of oily layer of sand and amplitude characteristic ", seismic wavelet pass hydrocarbon zone on the low side frequency spectrum, cross this layer after, very fast recovery radio-frequency component.
Like this, wavelet once more before incident one deck near the frequency spectrum 10HZ of wavelet energy not too large.
The theoretical analysis of method.According to (1), (2), (3), synoptic diagram 1,2,3 can draw.If underground have a horizontal individual layer of of reservoir hydrocarbon, its reflection model as shown in Figure 1, the upper and lower layer that is close to this layer is same lithology.If the reflection coefficient of Qi Ding, end interface is R
1, R
2, R is then arranged
1R
2＜0, | R
1| ≈ R
2, R
1＜0.Incident wave direction (1), wave function b(t); Layer top reflection wave direction (2), wave function b
1(t), layer end reflection wave direction (3), wave function b
2(t), b(t), b
1(t), b
2(t) frequency spectrum is B(f), B
1(f), B
2(f).(4) be thickness h, compressional wave is velocity of propagation V in layer.
Fig. 2 is horizontal individual layer top, end reflection configuration.(5) be b
2(t) shape, (6) are sampled point t
iThe position.(7) be b
1(t) shape.
If the seismic reflection of this layer record mainly is b
1(t), b
2(t) Zu He compound vibration.Reflection seimogram is their algebraic sum.If h is little, the frequency characteristic of hydrocarbon zone is to b(t) situation about being transformed during through twice hydrocarbon zone can ignore, b then
2(t)=R
2(1-R
2 1) b(t-τ), and b
1(t)=R
1B(t).
Wherein, delay time T=2h/v represents the two-way travel time of this layer.As h, when τ is little, two waveforms are inseparable, this layer reflection seimogram d(t) be:
d（t）＝b
1（t）+b
2（t）＝R
1〔b（t）+kb（t-τ）〕
Wherein, k=(R
2/ R
1) (1-R
2 1), (1-R
2 1) be R
1The round trip transmission coefficient of interface.
See d(t below) characteristics:
As can be seen from Figure 2, at t
iNeighbouring should have a Δ t interval, in the interval | d(t) | be worth little.Because, | R
2/ R
1| ≈ 1, R
2 1Very little, k＜0, | k| ≈ 1.D(t) ≈ R
1(b(t)-b(t-τ)), (t-τ) is at t
iNear, | d(t) | value is little, and this point is easily found out from Fig. 2.Even if b(t) the coverlet hydrocarbon zone is transformed into b
2(t), because b
1(t), b
2(t) near amplitude opposite in sign peak-peak, | d(t) | also with less.
B
1(f), B
2(f) notable difference is arranged.
Suppose, when seismic data is handled, at bandpass filtering B(f
1, f
2, f
3, f
4) in, select f
1=5, f
2=7, f
3=55, f
4=60, seismic trace is by d(t after the such wide-band filter filtering) become d
' Entirely(t); At bandpass filtering B(f
1, f
2, f
3, f
4) in, select f
1=5, f
2=7, f
3=12, f
4=15 o'clock, seismic trace was by d(t after the such narrow band filter filtering) become d
' Low(t), b
1(t) become b after filtered
' 1(t), b
2(t) become b after filtered
' 2(t).
(8), (10) are respectively b among Fig. 3
' 2(t), b
' 1(t) waveform.(9) be sampled point t
iThe position.
According to principle (1) and (3), B
1(f) near the low frequency energy the 10HZ can not increase significantly; And B
2(f) near the low frequency energy the 10HZ is with respect to B
1Will increase (f) is a lot.Like this, d(t) by after the filtering of low frequency narrow bandpass, b
1(t) quilt compresses significantly and becomes b
' 1(t); And b
2(t) will keep great amplitude, become b
' 2(t).Like this, at t
iNeighbouring will have:
| d
' Low(t) |=| b
' 1(t)+b
' 2(t) |＞| d(t) |.
Our discussion d(t) just should be d at the earthquake significant wave
' Entirely(t), that is: | d
' Low(t)＞| d
' Entirely(t) |, at t
iNear.
If
λ (t)=| d
' Low(t) |/| d
' Entirely(t) | ... (C)
Obviously, at t
iNear, λ (t) can reflect d more delicately
' Entirely(t) two characteristics.
In the stratum that thin layer combination of reservoir hydrocarbon is arranged, the chance that λ (t) gets big value is a lot, and practice shows and can show the whole form of the oil storage band of gas.Near thin layer, have a plurality of dominant waves, also can discuss equally, just λ (t) can be very not big.
The content of this method is: with open-air digital seismogram, on any earthquake processor, does base conditioning, seismologic record become did the road behind the static and dynamic correction, and the superposition road, inclined to one side road changes.On with the bar survey line, to choosing any one kind of them or select and separate editorial afterword near the shot point road in above-mentioned three kinds of roads, by following formula manipulation:
At i sampled point, establish:
Wherein, n=2k, k=0,1,2,
d
' Low(t
I-j) be all roads of choosing by the value of filtered i-j the sampled point of low frequency narrow-band pass filter: for example, to the superposition road, at bandpass filtering B(f
1, f
2, f
3, f
4) in, select f
1=6, f
2=8, f
3=12, f
4=14, filtering is done in each road.
d
' Entirely(t
I-j) be all roads of choosing by the value of filtered i-j the sampled point of broadband bandpass filter: for example, to the superposition road, at bandpass filtering B(f
1, f
2, f
3, f
4) in, select f
1=6, f
2=8, f
3=42, f
4=48, filtering is done in each road.Certainly, become in the time of also can being defined as and consider ripple.
According to the area, the kind difference of being sought to doing above-mentioned two kinds of frequency parameters that filtering is selected, scans, and selects best f
1, f
2, f
3, f
4
λ (t
i) be worth and use unequal interval, from numerical value 1, be divided into the dozens of grade by numerical values recited, represent each level with the computing machine internal symbol, these symbol roads are all shown, just form hydrocarbon detection map.
A specific embodiment of the present invention: when n=0, effect was best near the low frequency narrow bandpass was selected in 10HZ.Press n=0 below, the superposition road is implemented.When n=0, (D) formula becomes (C) formula:
At i sampled point, (C) formula is
λ (t
i)=| d
' Low(t
i) |/| d
' Entirely(t
i) |
With earthquake machine internal symbol: "., 1-9, A-F ,+,, %, #, * " represent λ (t respectively
i) in the value " 1,2-3,4-5,6-7,8-9,10-15,16-20,21-30,31-40,41-50,51-60,61-70,71-80,81-90,91-100,101-150,151-200,201-400,401-1000,1001-2000 is more than 2001 " totally 21 grades.
For example, represent λ (t with symbol ". "
i) value 1, symbol 1 is represented λ (t
i) value 2-3 ..., these symbol roads are all drawn to be shown, and just forms hydrocarbon detection map.
Seeing detection figure, is that x increases direction from right to left.The CDP point shows above figure, and the t direction shows at rightmost.
Example has been done five with the method and has been crossed the well surveying line, all has preferably to meet.
Fig. 4 is neat tame 176.0 surveys line, the horizontal superposition section of CDP point 500-639.The A place is the position of Jin6Jing, and the CDP period is 556.
Fig. 5 is peaceful 108.8 surveys line, the horizontal superposition section of CDP point 712 to 853.Put for rising 81 well locations at the A place, and the CDP period is 834.
Fig. 6 is 108.8 surveys line, CDP o'clock from 670 to 854 hydrocarbon detection map overview.Vertical curve is depicted as the gas storage band for wearing the well line by arrow, and arrow indication dead zone is T
2Layer.This figure is as the specification digest accompanying drawing.
Fig. 7 is 176.0 surveys line, and CDP o'clock from 450 to 623 hydro carbons detects synoptic chart.Vertical curve is crossed CDP point 556.
Fig. 8 is Fig. 7 part enlarged drawing.
Fig. 9 is Fig. 6 part enlarged drawing.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of digital earthquake recording data that utilizes, the detecting method of hydrocarbon of direct oil prospecting gas finding, with the digital tape recording in field, on any earthquake processor, do base conditioning earlier, make the road after seismologic record becomes static and dynamic correction, the superposition road, the inclined to one side road that changes, this method is characterised in that: on same survey line, close shot point road, back is partially separated in a kind of or choosing in optional above-mentioned three kinds of roads, presses following formula manipulation:
At i sampled point, establish
Wherein, n=2k, k=0,1,2,3........
d
' Low(t
I-j) be all roads of choosing by the value of filtered i-j the sampled point of low frequency narrow-band pass filter: for example, to the superposition road, at bandpass filtering B (f
1, f
2, f
3, f
4) in, select f
1=6, f
2=8, f
3=12, f
4=14, filtering is done in each road.
d
' Entirely(t
I-j) be the choosing all roads by the value of filtered i-j the sampled point of broadband bandpass filter for example, to the superposition road, at bandpass filtering B (f
1, f
2, f
3, f
4) in, select f
1=6, f
2=8, f
3=42, f
4=48, filtering is done in each road, certainly, also can be defined as time-variable filtering.
λ (t
i) the value unequal interval, from numeral 1, be divided into the dozens of grade by numerical values recited, represent each level with the computing machine internal symbol, all being drawn in these symbol roads shows, and just forms hydrocarbon detection map.
With λ (t
i) value is divided into 21 grades by " 1,2--3,4--5,6--7,8--9,10--15,16--20,21--30; 31--40,41--50,51--60,61--70,71--80,81--90,91--100; 101--150,151--200,201--400,401--1000,1001--2000 is more than 2001 ", every grade respectively with the processor internal symbol ".; 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; 8,9, A, B, C, D, E; F ,+,, %, #, * " show, form hydrocarbon detection map.
Seeing detection figure, is that x increases direction from right to left.The CDP point shows above figure, and the t direction shows at rightmost.
2, according to the described detecting method for seismic prospecting hydrocarbons of claim 1, its feature also is: effect is best when n=0, presses following formula manipulation this moment:
At i sampled point, formula is λ (t
i)=| d
' Low(t
i) |/| d
' Entirely(t
i) |
Again with λ (t
i) value is divided into 21 grades by " 1,2-3,4-5,6-7,8-9,10-15,16-20,21-30; 31-40,41-50,51-60,61-70,71-80,31-90,91-100; 101-150,151-200,201-400,101-1000,1001-2000 is more than 2001 ", every grade respectively with the processor internal symbol "
o, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, A, B, C, D, E, F ,+, $, %, #, * " show, form hydrocarbon detection map.
Seeing detection figure, is that x increases direction from right to left, and the CDP point shows above figure, and the t direction shows at rightmost.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87107616 CN1016999B (en) | 1987-11-01 | 1987-11-01 | Hydrocarbons detecting method of prospecting earthquake |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87107616 CN1016999B (en) | 1987-11-01 | 1987-11-01 | Hydrocarbons detecting method of prospecting earthquake |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1040099A CN1040099A (en) | 1990-02-28 |
| CN1016999B true CN1016999B (en) | 1992-06-10 |
Family
ID=4816166
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87107616 Expired CN1016999B (en) | 1987-11-01 | 1987-11-01 | Hydrocarbons detecting method of prospecting earthquake |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1016999B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8223587B2 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2012-07-17 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Full wavefield inversion using time varying filters |
| CN111856584B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2022-11-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir hydrocarbon detection method and device based on super-gather |
-
1987
- 1987-11-01 CN CN 87107616 patent/CN1016999B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1040099A (en) | 1990-02-28 |
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