CN101680073A - 属于滑动副的机械零件及其制造方法 - Google Patents
属于滑动副的机械零件及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101680073A CN101680073A CN200880013303A CN200880013303A CN101680073A CN 101680073 A CN101680073 A CN 101680073A CN 200880013303 A CN200880013303 A CN 200880013303A CN 200880013303 A CN200880013303 A CN 200880013303A CN 101680073 A CN101680073 A CN 101680073A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- break
- lining
- mechanical component
- abrasion
- proof structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
- B23K10/027—Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
- B23K9/046—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces on surfaces of revolution
- B23K9/048—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces on surfaces of revolution on cylindrical surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
- B23K9/1675—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode making use of several electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/027—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal matrix material comprising a mixture of at least two metals or metal phases or metal matrix composites, e.g. metal matrix with embedded inorganic hard particles, CERMET, MMC.
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/028—Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2204/00—End product comprising different layers, coatings or parts of cermet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
- F16C2204/12—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
- F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
- F16C2223/46—Coating surfaces by welding, e.g. by using a laser to build a layer
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种属于滑动副的机械零件(4),它至少在面向与其配合作用的机械零件的侧面的区域内具有耐磨结构(6),该耐磨结构具有容纳于一金属母体中的较硬的粒子和具有粗糙不平的表面,可以通过下述方式降低制造费用并达到很好的磨合性能,即,在耐磨结构(6)上涂覆一个补偿其上面的不平度和粗糙度的磨合衬层(7),所述磨合衬层由一种在磨合过程中适于磨损的磨合材料构成,该磨合材料不同于处在其下面的耐磨结构(6)的材料并且与之冶金结合,而且该磨合材料比耐磨结构(6)更软以及至多与相应对置的机械零件的滑动面同样耐磨。
Description
本发明涉及一种机械零件,它属于大型发动机特别是二冲程大型柴油机的具有两个可相互相对运动的机械零件的滑动副,并且至少在面向相应的另一机械零件的侧面的区域内具有耐磨结构,该耐磨结构具有容纳于一金属母体中的由较硬材料制成的粒子以及具有粗糙不平的表面,并且,该机械零件设计为大型发动机的活塞环或气缸套或带有至少一个活塞环槽的活塞或其他的滑动元件。
由DE 102006023396(尚未在先公开)得知大型发动机的一种具有抗磨涂层形式之耐磨结构的机械零件。其中,抗磨涂层由许多置入一个由镍合金构成的母体中的陶瓷粒子组成。同时,在涂层的上面设置一个薄的、只由母体材料构成的覆盖层。然而,该覆盖层的表面(如实践中业已表明的那样)是非常粗糙不平的,这对于磨合过程是不利的。因此,需要进行一种磨削工艺形式的加工。经验已表明,这是非常费时和高成本的。再加上镍合金由于其硬度之故对于磨合目的终归是不利的。
由此出发,因而本发明的目的就是,对开头所述型式的结构设置作出改进,以降低制造费用并达到很好的磨合性能。另一目的涉及一种简单的和经济的方法,用以制造本发明的机械零件。
上述目的的第一部分按照本发明这样实现,即,在耐磨结构上涂覆一个补偿其上面的不平度和粗糙度的磨合衬层,所述磨合衬层由一种在磨合过程中适于磨损的磨合材料构成,该磨合材料不同于处在其下面的耐磨结构的材料并且与耐磨结构冶金结合,而且该磨合材料比耐磨结构更软以及至多与相应对置的机械零件的滑动面同样耐磨。
由此便完全消除了已知结构设置的上述缺点。因为磨合衬层由磨合材料构成,所以能预期有很好的磨合特性。由于磨合衬层补偿了处在其下面的耐磨结构的粗糙度和不平度,因此,有利的是,不需要进行磨削加工。此外借此还确保:耐磨结构的处在上面的区域内的硬粒子,即使在磨合过程将近结束时露出其表面,也仍然具备可靠的固定,从而不必担心这些粒子脱落。有利的是,未加磨削的表面从开始就产生了一种气密的接触面,这一点特别对于活塞环与气缸套之间的滑动副是非常理想的。按照本发明的措施的另一优点在于,由于磨合衬层的冶金连结,故而能确保磨合衬层在处于其下面的耐磨结构上得以可靠固定,借此可靠地避免发生剥落。
上述措施的有利设计和适宜发展描述于各从属权利要求中。
这样,适宜的是,磨合衬层可以具有100至200HV的硬度。在这种情况下便能预期实现一种特别好的磨合性能。而仍然确保有足够的耐久性,以便保证足够长的磨合时间。
上述措施的另一发展可以是,构成磨合衬层的材料具有低于1050℃、优选为600℃至800℃的熔化温度。该措施能够有利地实现磨合衬层的简单制造,其中,只熔化磨合衬层的材料,而处在其下面的耐磨结构仍保持凝固的状态。由此确保:可以使磨合衬层在处于其下面的耐磨结构产生的边界层上实现非常薄的冶金连结。因此,在该边界层中通常所预期的脆性对于整体效果仅仅产生微小的影响,这是有利的。
有利地,磨合衬层在新状态下具有50至300微米(μm)的平均厚度。这样的厚度按经验足够用于1000至2000小时的磨合时间,其中,相对的滑动面的磨损性可以通过厚度适配加以考虑。对置的滑动面越是磨损性大的,磨合衬层的厚度可以越厚。
上述措施的另一发展可以是,磨合衬层在新状态下具有1至20Ra的表面粗糙度。这完全不需要后续精加工而仍然从开始便确保实现特别好的密封。
上述措施的一种特别适宜的发展可以在于,在作为磨合衬层基础的磨合材料中置入许多与其相比更硬的粒子,优选是由陶瓷材料如Al2O3和/或CrO和/或Cr3C2制成的粒子。借此可以延长磨合衬层的耐用度并从而延长磨合时间。适宜的是,置入的粒子在磨合衬层的总体积上的份额可以在5至30%体积(体积百分比)之间的范围内。因此确保:置入的粒子不会过多地影响(或者说损害)磨合性能。
有利地,作为磨合衬层基础的磨合材料可以至少包含铜(Cu)和/或锡(Sn)。这样就允许按照个别情况优化符合要求的磨合特性。
对此,一种特别有利的设计可以是,磨合衬层包含约70%铜(Cu)和约30%锡(Sn)。这样的材料可有利地用于许多情况。也可设想,还另外添加锑(Sb)的成分。在此,形成了所谓的巴氏合金,它在实践中作为轴承合金使用,因此可以便利地买到。
适宜的是,容纳磨合衬层的耐磨结构可以包括由一种镍合金构成的母体,在其中置入由陶瓷材料组成的粒子,这里,陶瓷材料在耐磨结构的总体积上的体积份额可以多于60%,优选为85%。这些措施产生了特别高的承载强度和耐磨性。通过磷(P)和/或硅(Si)的较少量添加,母体的熔化温度可以降到铸铁等的熔化温度以下,这样就能便于实现磨合衬层往耐磨结构上和/或其往一基体上的涂覆。
涉及方法的目的按照本发明这样达到,即,给具有耐磨结构的机械零件涂覆一个覆盖所述耐磨结构的磨合衬层,其中,在涂层过程中供给耐磨结构和/或构成磨合衬层的材料如此多的能量,使得磨合衬层在耐磨结构上产生一种符合要求的冶金连结。如果要求在耐磨结构与磨合衬层之间有厚的边界层,则应供给如此多的能量,即,将磨合衬层熔合上去。在对其不作要求的情况下,则将能量供给减少,使磨合衬层扩散上去。其中,只需要这样多的能量,即,只是熔化构成磨合衬层的材料,而处在其下面的耐磨结构仍保持凝固的状态。因此,在这种情况下实现了较薄的边界层。并且还排除了对支承结构的损害。
有利地,为了实现耐磨结构的涂层,而采用一个相对于它可相对运动的、在其上产生一加热斑点的加热装置,其中,向该加热斑点或一个与其紧邻的区域供给构成磨合衬层的材料。这便能够实现一种结构简单的涂层装置以及一种在窄的限度内受控制的能量供给。在此,供给加热斑点或与之紧邻的区域的材料可以以粉末形式和/或以金属丝或带材的形式供给。
特别有利的是,对于作为一个基本材料的涂层构造的耐磨结构,将该耐磨结构和磨合衬层以相同方式涂覆到相应配置的基底上。这一点可以同时或者有时间间隔地进行。在每一情况下,设备技术的费用都不多。
上述措施的其他有利设计和适宜发展描述于其余各从属权利要求中,通过下文借助附图针对实例的说明可以更详细地得知。
在以下描述的附图中示出:
图1一种应用实例的剖视图,是一种与气缸套配合作用的、具有支承结构和在其上设置的磨合衬层的活塞环的形式;
图2磨合衬层与耐磨结构的邻界区域的一个局部部分;
图3设有置入的许多陶瓷粒子的磨合衬层的一个局部部分;
图4一种涂层装置,包括两个激光枪,其具有用于构成耐磨结构的材料和构成磨合衬层的材料的分别配置的供给装置;以及
图5图4的一种变型方案,包括一个激光枪和一个两通道的供给装置。
本发明可以有利地广泛应用于下述场合,即,具有高耐用度的滑动副需要进行一定磨合的那些场合,例如在冶金工业、磨矿工业、食品工业、发动机等等的机械中。一种特别优选的应用领域是大型发动机,特别是二冲程大型柴油机,并且在这里特别是与一气缸套和所配的活塞环槽配合作用的活塞环。
图1示出气缸套1的一个示意表示的部分,在其中设置一个上升和下降的活塞2。活塞设有圆周侧的活塞环槽3,在这些活塞环槽中分别容纳一个以其圆周面贴紧气缸套1内面的相应活塞环4。图1中只示出了一个活塞环槽3和一个活塞环4。活塞环4包括由铸钢制成的基件5并且在其面向对置的构件(在这里是面向气缸套1)的侧面的区域内具有耐磨结构6,耐磨结构在这里是一种在基件5上涂覆的保护层的形式。当然也可设想,耐磨结构也已经基于基件构成。耐磨结构6在圆周侧设有面向气缸套1的一个运行面的磨合衬层7。
耐磨结构6,如由图2可见的那样,包括置入一母体8中的许多硬质材料粒子9。对此可以涉及陶瓷材料,如具有3000HV至5000HV硬度的碳化钨(WC)。为了构成母体8,适宜设置包括磷(P)和/或硅(Si)的镍合金。这些材料是无毒的,因而也能在食品领域中使用。适宜的是,镍合金包含1至15%体积(即体积百分比)、优选3.65%体积的P,1至6%体积、优选2.15%体积的Si,以及剩余部分是Ni。陶瓷粒子在耐磨结构6的总体积上的体积份额大于60%,并且可以优选达85%。置入的陶瓷粒子9适宜具有球形的外形,直径为40至160微米(μm)。由耐磨结构6所构成的涂层的厚度可以适配于个别具体情况的特性。在当前所示型式的活塞环中,由耐磨结构6所构成的涂层可以具有0.2至2mm的厚度。
耐磨结构6的径向表面在涂覆磨合衬层7之前,如图2可以看出的那样,是较为粗糙不平的,亦即其具有许多凸峰10和在其中间的许多凹谷11,这对于磨合过程是有害的。因此,在耐磨结构6上涂覆磨合衬层7的目的包括:补偿耐磨结构6的表面粗糙度和填满凹谷11,从而到磨合过程结束,在图2中用虚线12表示的表面不存在凸出的棱边和尖角。由于各凹谷11是填满的,那些在侧向限定凹谷11的向上凸出的硬粒子9也能可靠地埋入围绕它的材料中,从而不必担心其脱落。磨合衬层7使得对耐磨结构6的加工不再必要。在制造磨合衬层7时产生一个具有在图2中表示的微小粗糙度的表面13。该粗糙度宜为1至20Ra。这个粗糙度能够实现活塞环4在所配置的气缸套1的滑动面上气密地接触。因此不需要进行附加的加工。
磨合衬层7可以由任何适用的磨合材料构成,其在磨合时期的过程中被逐渐地磨耗和消失。在大型发动机,如二冲程大型柴油机中,如其用于船用推进装置,磨合时期总计达到约1000至2000工作小时,为此,磨合衬层7的厚度适宜为50至300微米(μm)。作为磨合衬层7基础的磨合材料应该比处在其下面的耐磨结构6明显更软,并且无论如何不比对置的滑动面(在这里是气缸套1的滑动面)更硬,优选也是软一些。适宜的是,磨合衬层7具有100至200HV的硬度。
为了构成磨合衬层7可以采用一种包含铜(Cu)和/或锡(Sn)的金属。利用一种包含70%Cu和30%Sn的Cu-Sn合金形式的青铜,在实验中可以达到很好的效果。也可以设想采用巴氏合金,它除铜和锡外,还包含在巴氏合金中常用份量的锑(Sb)和/或锌(Zn)。这些材料的熔点处在600与900℃之间的范围内,因而便于进行涂层过程。磨合衬层7的熔化温度的下限不低于200℃。
为了延长磨合时间,亦即增加磨合衬层7的耐用度,它可以设有置入的许多硬粒子14,如图3所示。对此适宜的是,可以涉及陶瓷粒子,其优选具有球形结构和达50微米(μm)的直径。作为陶瓷材料,可以采用Al3O2、CrO、Cr3C2等。硬粒子14在磨合衬层7总体积上的份额依据所要求的磨合衬层7耐用度而定,可以为5至30%体积。
构成磨合衬层7的涂层这样涂覆到可磨损的结构6上,即,在边界区域内在耐磨结构6与磨合衬层7之间产生一种冶金连结。该冶金连结以一种在图2中对于耐磨结构6与磨合衬层7之间的边界区域所表示的边界层15的形式出现,它由两个接界的层的元素构成。在图1中只通过一虚线表示出该边界层15。边界层15可以通过形成合金(熔合)或者造成扩散过程而构成。在第一种情况下,将磨合衬层7熔合到耐磨结构6上或将其熔合到基体5上,在第二种情况下则将磨合衬层7扩散到耐磨结构6或基体5上。对于构成耐磨结构6的涂层在基体5上的连结,也同样如此。在这里还形成了一个作为合金(熔合)区或扩散区构造的边界层,其只通过一虚线示于图1中。在熔合时将产生较大厚度的边界层15,从而确保相互间非常好的连结。但经常在边界层内会形成很脆的结晶,这就提高了脆裂的危险。该危险可以这样避免,即,将边界层构造为扩散层。扩散层只具有相当于扩散深度的厚度,由此,一方面将脆性结晶的体积份额保持在窄的限度内,而另一方面仍然确保很好的冶金连结。按照所希望的涂覆类型,在涂覆过程中供给或多或少的能量。在熔合(形成合金)时,不仅要熔化涂层材料而且要熔化处于其下面的材料的上面区域。在扩散时,只要熔化涂层材料。处在下面的材料被加热,但仍保持于凝固状态。
碳化物形式的陶瓷材料以可能在较高的温度下分解或者转变为具有其他的几何形状的其他的碳化物。如果耐磨结构6的硬粒子9由碳化物构成,则为了保护这些碳化物,磨合衬层7适宜这样进行涂覆,即,耐磨结构6被加热不超过碳化物的分解温度。当然,对于耐磨结构6在基体5上的涂覆,这也同样适用。对此适宜这样做,即,为实施涂层过程而进行的向待涂层表面和向其供给的涂层材料的传热这样受控地实现:仅仅完全熔化涂层材料,而处于其下面的材料仍完全保持凝固的状态,从而便导致上文所说明的扩散结合。
可以通过涂层材料的喷镀、涂层材料的熔化或涂层材料的烧结来实现涂层过程。
为了实现耐磨结构6往基体5上的涂覆以及为了实现磨合衬层7往耐磨结构6上的涂覆,适宜的是,可以采用一种产生加热斑点的、相对待涂层表面可相对运动的加热装置。为了构成该加热装置,适宜的是,可以采用至少一个产生激光束的激光枪和/或至少一个感应线圈。代替激光束,也可以采用一种所谓的等离子体转移电弧(PTA)。其中,耐磨结构和磨合衬层可以在分开的工序中或者在一个共同的工序中涂覆。在每一情况下,适宜的是,可以以相同的方式实现涂覆,因而,为了涂覆构成耐磨性结构6的涂层和为了涂覆磨合衬层7,可采用同一装置或者同样构造的装置。
构成耐磨性结构6的涂层和/或磨合衬层7,如上所述,可以熔合或扩散到相应配置的基底上。为了实现熔合,要产生一种构成过渡区域的熔体,它不仅包含容纳层的组分而且包含待涂覆到其上的层的组分。为此,将待涂覆的材料以及基底的表面附近区域都加热到能实现向液态相过渡的程度。为了实现扩散,则只将相应待涂覆的材料转化为液态相。
图4和5中说明了适用的装置。在两种情况下,耐磨结构6都是以一涂层的形式涂覆到一基体5上,而磨合衬层7以另一涂层的形式涂覆到耐磨结构6上。
在按图4的实施形式中,设置有两个前后接连布置的能源,它们是两个接连设置的激光枪16、17的形式,两激光枪分别产生一个激光束16a、17a。代替激光枪,也可以设置PTA烧嘴(等离子体转移电弧-烧嘴)和/或感应线圈等。为每一能源或每一能量传输射线配置一个材料供给装置18或19,它们具有供应输入端18a、19a,并产生作为材料传输射线18b或19b表示的指向能量传输射线的材料供给。
相应的涂层材料可以以圆形的或有棱角的金属丝、带材的形式或者粉末形式供给待涂层的表面。在所示的实例中,处理的是粉末状材料。与此相应地,供应装置18、19经由输入端18a、19a供应相应的粉末状材料并且发送出一种引导粉末状材料的材料流18b或19b。其中,粉末适宜通过保护气体进行输送,以防氧化。
通过能量传输射线16a或17a,在所示的实例中分别为激光束的形式,在待涂层的基底上产生一加热斑点。同时,相应配置的材料传输射线18b或19b这样定向,即,将涂层材料直接供给到加热斑点或者一个与其紧邻的区域。在第一情况下,供给的材料与所配的能量传输射线会合,从而以熔化的状态到达相应配置的基底上,基底通过余能同样被加热。如果希望实现一种通过合金构成的边界层15,则将能源16或17设定为,使得所供给的能量足以将涂层材料和基底表面附近的区域都熔化。如果中间层15只需构造为扩散层,则将能源16或17设定为,仅仅完全熔化涂层材料,而相应配置的基底仍保持凝固的状态。对此,在采用激光枪的情况下,可以简单地实现能量供给的精确控制。
图4中所设的能源16、17及分别配置的材料传输装置18、19是有间距地前后布置的。该间距可以选择为,使得在涂覆磨合衬层7以前耐磨结构6便已完全凝固,或者在涂覆磨合衬层7时耐磨结构6至少在上面尚未凝固。
在当前的实例中(其包括一个在含铁的基体5上涂覆的、由具有置入的陶瓷粒子的镍合金组成的耐磨结构6和一个通过包含铜和锡的青铜构成的磨合衬层7),将耐磨结构6以及磨合衬层7都通过扩散与相应配置的基底相结合。因此,上述在能量产生装置16、17之间的间距选择为,使得在涂覆磨合衬层7之前,首先产生的耐磨结构6便已完全凝固。其中,如上所述,能量传输应这样控制,即,只熔化相应待涂覆的材料,而相应的基底仍保持凝固的状态。
图4中示出了一个第三能量传输射线20,它设置在第二能量传输射线17a的后面。借助于该后置的能量传输射线20,只传输这样多的能量,即,使磨合衬层7的表面变光滑并且适用于磨合过程。代替应用本身为光滑处理而设的能量传输射线20,也可以设想,在完成涂层之后,借助于能量传输射线16a和/或17a进行光滑处理,而没有相应的材料供给。
在所示实例中,能源16、17以及为其配置的材料供给装置18、19和产生后置能量传输射线20的能源都是固定设置的。相应地,要按箭头v移动基体5,以制造所要的涂层。但也可设想,基体5固定设置,而移动涂层装置。在此,可以将全部的能量产生装置连同必要时配置的材料供给装置组合成一个构成统一可动的组件的涂层头。
在按图5的实施形式中,只以激光枪的形式设置一个能源21,它产生一能量传输射线21a。给该能量传输射线供给两个材料射线,以形成第一个构成耐磨结构6的涂层和第二个构成磨合衬层7的涂层。为此可以设置两个材料供给装置。在所示实例中,只设置了一个材料供给装置22,它构造成两通道式的。相应地,材料供给装置22设有两个材料输入端22a或22a′,用于构成耐磨结构6的材料或构成磨合衬层7的材料。材料供给装置22也产生在涂层方向彼此后置的用于构成耐磨结构6或构成磨合衬层7的材料的两个材料传输射线22b、22b′。
材料传输射线22b、22b′定位成,首先使构成耐磨结构6的材料传输射线22b到达尚未涂层的基体5表面,接着使构成磨合衬层7的材料传输射线22b′到达借助于射线22b已经产生了的耐磨结构6的上面。射线22b、22b′之间的间距在当前情况下可以如此之小,使得已涂覆的构成耐磨结构6的层仍然可以散发出足够的能量,用以熔化为构成磨合衬层7而涂覆的材料。
为了产生很好适用于磨合目的的表面,如按图4的实施形式那样,可以同样采用一个后随的能量传输射线20。关于作为统一一体组件的结构形式或基件5的运动或涂层头,前文所述内容同样适用。
Claims (35)
1.一种机械零件,它属于大型发动机的具有两个可相互相对运动的机械零件的滑动副并且至少在面向相应另一机械零件的侧面的区域内具有耐磨结构(6),该耐磨结构具有容纳于一金属母体(8)中的由较硬材料制成的粒子(9)以及具有粗糙不平的表面,并且,该机械零件设计为大型发动机的活塞环(4)或气缸套(1)或带有至少一个活塞环槽(3)的活塞(2)或其他的滑动元件,其特征在于,在所述耐磨结构(6)上涂覆有一个补偿其上面的不平度和粗糙度的磨合衬层(7),所述磨合衬层由一种在磨合过程中适于磨损的磨合材料构成,该磨合材料不同于处在其下面的耐磨结构(6)的材料并且与之冶金结合,而且该磨合材料比耐磨结构(6)更软以及至多与相应对置的机械零件的滑动面同样耐磨。
2.按照权利要求1所述的机械零件,其特征在于,磨合衬层(7)具有100至200HV的硬度。
3.按照上述权利要求之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,构成磨合衬层(7)的材料具有至多1050℃的熔化温度。
4.按照权利要求3所述的机械零件,其特征在于,构成磨合衬层(7)的材料具有600℃至800℃的熔化温度。
5.按照上述权利要求之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,磨合衬层(7)在新状态中具有50至300微米(μm)的平均厚度。
6.按照上述权利要求之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,磨合衬层(7)在新状态中具有1至20Ra的表面粗糙度。
7.按照上述权利要求之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,在磨合衬层(7)的磨合材料中置入由更硬材料制成的粒子(14)。
8.按照权利要求7所述的机械零件,其特征在于,置入的粒子(14)由陶瓷材料构成。
9.按照权利要求8所述的机械零件,其特征在于,置入的粒子(14)由Al2O3和/或CrO和/或Cr3C2构成。
10.按照权利要求7至9之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,置入的粒子(14)在磨合衬层(7)的总体积上的份额为5至30%体积。
11.按照上述权利要求之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,作为磨合衬层(7)基础的磨合材料至少包含铜和/或锡。
12.按照权利要求11所述的机械零件,其特征在于,作为磨合衬层(7)基础的磨合材料为包含70%Cu和30%Sn的青铜。
13.按照权利要求11所述的机械零件,其特征在于,磨合衬层(7)的磨合材料由巴氏合金构成,它除铜和锡外还包含锑(Sb)。
14.按照上述权利要求之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,容纳磨合衬层(7)的耐磨结构(6)包含一种镍合金作为母体(8),在其中置入陶瓷材料的粒子(9)。
15.按照上述权利要求之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,容纳磨合衬层(7)的耐磨结构(6)是一个金属的、优选由铁材料构成的基体(5)的涂层。
16.按照权利要求14或15所述的机械零件,其特征在于,构成母体(8)的镍合金包含1至15%体积的P,1至6%体积的Si,剩余部分是Ni。
17.按照权利要求16所述的机械零件,其特征在于,构成母体(8)的镍合金包含3.65%体积的P和2.15%体积的Si,以及剩余部分是Ni。
18.按照上述权利要求之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,陶瓷粒子(9)在容纳磨合衬层的耐磨结构(6)的总体积上的体积份额为大于60%体积、优选至多85%体积或者为85%体积。
19.按照上述权利要求之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,耐磨结构(6)的陶瓷粒子(9)至少部分地由碳化钨(WC)构成并且具有3000至5000HV的硬度。
20.按照上述权利要求之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,耐磨结构(6)的优选为陶瓷的粒子(9)是球形的,并且优选具有40至160微米(μm)的直径。
21.按照权利要求7至20之一项所述的机械零件,其特征在于,置入磨合衬层(7)中的优选为陶瓷的粒子(14)是球形的,并且优选具有20至50微米(μm)的直径。
22.按照权利要求1所述的机械零件,其特征在于,该机械零件属于二冲程大型柴油机的一个滑动副。
23.按照权利要求22所述的机械零件,其特征在于,该机械零件构成为活塞环(4)。
24.按照权利要求22所述的机械零件,其特征在于,该机械零件构成为气缸套(1)。
25.按照权利要求22所述的机械零件,其特征在于,该机械零件构成为具有至少一个活塞环槽(3)的活塞(2)。
26.用于制造按照上述权利要求之至少一项所述的机械零件的方法,其特征在于,给具有耐磨结构(6)的机械零件涂覆一个覆盖所述耐磨结构(6)的磨合衬层(7),其中,在涂层过程中供给如此多的能量,以致磨合衬层(7)在耐磨结构(6)上产生一种冶金连结。
27.按照权利要求26所述的方法,其特征在于,磨合衬层(7)被熔合到耐磨结构(6)上。
28.按照权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,磨合衬层(7)被扩散到耐磨结构(6)上,其中,在涂层过程中只提供如此多的能量,以致仅仅是作为磨合衬层(7)基础的磨合材料熔化,而处在其下面的耐磨结构(6)材料仍保持凝固的状态。
29.按照上述权利要求26至28之一项所述的方法,其特征在于,磨合衬层(7)被喷镀到耐磨结构(6)上。
30.按照上述权利要求26至28之一项所述的方法,其特征在于,磨合衬层(7)被熔化到耐磨结构(6)上。
31.按照上述权利要求26至30之一项所述的方法,其特征在于,为了给耐磨结构(6)涂覆磨合衬层(7),采用一个相对于耐磨结构(6)可相对运动的、在其上产生一加热斑点的加热装置(17,21),并且,向加热斑点或一个与之紧邻的区域中供给构成磨合衬层(7)的材料。
32.按照权利要求31所述的方法,其特征在于,为了产生加热斑点而采用一激光枪或一PTA烧嘴。
33.按照权利要求31或32所述的方法,其特征在于,构成磨合衬层(7)的材料是作为粉末、金属丝或带材供给加热斑点的。
34.按照上述权利要求26至33之一项所述的方法,其特征在于,对于作为一个基体(5)的涂层构造的耐磨结构(6),将该耐磨结构和容纳于其上的磨合衬层(7)以相同方式涂覆到相应配置的基底上。
35.按照权利要求34所述的方法,其特征在于,在一个工序中制造耐磨结构(6)和磨合衬层(7)。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007019510A DE102007019510B3 (de) | 2007-04-25 | 2007-04-25 | Zu einer Gleitpaarung gehörendes Maschinenteil sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102007019510.0 | 2007-04-25 | ||
PCT/EP2008/002520 WO2008131837A2 (de) | 2007-04-25 | 2008-03-29 | Zu einer gleitpaarung gehörendes maschinenteil sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101680073A true CN101680073A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
CN101680073B CN101680073B (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
Family
ID=39400403
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN200880013303XA Active CN101680073B (zh) | 2007-04-25 | 2008-03-29 | 属于滑动副的机械零件及其制造方法 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP2150630A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4589458B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101131165B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101680073B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102007019510B3 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY166942A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2433206C2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW200905095A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008131837A2 (zh) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103857823A (zh) * | 2011-10-25 | 2014-06-11 | 株式会社Ihi | 活塞环 |
CN104136651A (zh) * | 2011-12-09 | 2014-11-05 | 乔治费歇尔汽车产品(苏州)有限公司 | 用于对基质进行涂覆的方法 |
CN104471105A (zh) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-03-25 | 马勒金属立夫有限公司 | 滑动元件以及内燃机 |
CN107250581A (zh) * | 2015-02-19 | 2017-10-13 | 米巴滑动轴承奥地利有限公司 | 滑动轴承元件 |
CN107904542A (zh) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-13 | 青岛铸辉铜业有限公司 | 一种金属铜表面高耐磨涂层及其制备方法 |
CN111075841A (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-28 | 大同金属工业株式会社 | 滑动构件以及使用该滑动构件的轴承装置 |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009028504C5 (de) * | 2009-08-13 | 2014-10-30 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Kolbenring mit einer Beschichtung |
DE102009046281B3 (de) * | 2009-11-02 | 2010-11-25 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Gleitelement, insbesondere Kolbenring, und Kombination eines Gleitelements mit einem Laufpartner |
DE102010029256A1 (de) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Gleitelement |
DE102010043527A1 (de) * | 2010-11-08 | 2012-05-10 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Zylinderlaufbahn mit einer Verschleißschutzschicht |
DE102012204927B3 (de) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-07-04 | Thomas Ammersbach | Auftraggeschweißtes Werkstück und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines auftraggeschweißten Werkstückes |
EP2669399B1 (de) | 2012-06-01 | 2016-10-12 | Oerlikon Metco AG, Wohlen | Lagerteil, sowie thermisches Spritzverfahren |
DE102012107896A1 (de) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-06 | Reinhausen Plasma Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden von Leitern mit Substraten |
EP3308045A4 (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2018-06-27 | McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies | Refractory bearing |
US10364844B2 (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2019-07-30 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Sliding member and manufacturing method therefor |
DE102020106823A1 (de) | 2020-03-12 | 2021-09-16 | HPL Technologies GmbH | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellung und ggf. Nachbearbeiten von Schichten aufgetragen durch Laserauftragschweißen |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK16494A (da) * | 1994-02-08 | 1995-08-09 | Man B & W Diesel Gmbh | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en cylinderforing samt en sådan foring |
JP3558469B2 (ja) * | 1996-11-08 | 2004-08-25 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | アブレーダブルコーティング方法 |
DK174241B1 (da) * | 1996-12-05 | 2002-10-14 | Man B & W Diesel As | Cylinderelement, såsom en cylinderforing, et stempel, et stempelskørt eller en stempelring, i en forbrændingsmotor af dieseltypen samt en stempelring til en sådan motor. |
DE19900942C2 (de) * | 1999-01-13 | 2003-04-10 | Man B & W Diesel As Kopenhagen | Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Schutzbelags sowie Maschine mit wenigstens einem derartigen Schutzbelag |
DE19908107C2 (de) * | 1999-02-25 | 2003-04-10 | Man B & W Diesel As Kopenhagen | Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer verschleißfesten Oberfläche bei aus Stahl bestehenden Bauteilen sowie Maschine mit wenigstens einem derartigen Bauteil |
JP2001240925A (ja) | 2000-02-29 | 2001-09-04 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | 銅系摺動材料 |
JP2008024000A (ja) * | 2000-04-10 | 2008-02-07 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 光学素子成形用金型、光学素子の製造方法及び光学素子 |
DE10046956C2 (de) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-07-25 | Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Thermisch aufgetragene Beschichtung für Kolbenringe aus mechanisch legierten Pulvern |
JP2005023344A (ja) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-27 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | 摺動部材 |
AT413034B (de) * | 2003-10-08 | 2005-10-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | Legierung, insbesondere für eine gleitschicht |
US7094474B2 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2006-08-22 | Caterpillar, Inc. | Composite powder and gall-resistant coating |
US7229699B2 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2007-06-12 | Federal-Mogul Worldwide, Inc. | Bearing having embedded hard particle layer and overlay and method of manufacture |
DE102006023396B4 (de) * | 2006-05-17 | 2009-04-16 | Man B&W Diesel A/S | Verschleißschutzbeschichtung sowie Verwendung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen |
-
2007
- 2007-04-25 DE DE102007019510A patent/DE102007019510B3/de not_active Revoked
-
2008
- 2008-03-07 TW TW097108130A patent/TW200905095A/zh unknown
- 2008-03-29 EP EP08734884A patent/EP2150630A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-03-29 WO PCT/EP2008/002520 patent/WO2008131837A2/de active Application Filing
- 2008-03-29 KR KR1020097024400A patent/KR101131165B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-03-29 JP JP2010504483A patent/JP4589458B2/ja active Active
- 2008-03-29 EP EP22020179.2A patent/EP4063532A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-03-29 CN CN200880013303XA patent/CN101680073B/zh active Active
- 2008-03-29 RU RU2009143528/02A patent/RU2433206C2/ru active
- 2008-03-29 MY MYPI20094474A patent/MY166942A/en unknown
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103857823A (zh) * | 2011-10-25 | 2014-06-11 | 株式会社Ihi | 活塞环 |
CN103857823B (zh) * | 2011-10-25 | 2015-09-30 | 株式会社Ihi | 活塞环 |
US10689743B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 | 2020-06-23 | Ihi Corporation | Piston ring |
CN104136651A (zh) * | 2011-12-09 | 2014-11-05 | 乔治费歇尔汽车产品(苏州)有限公司 | 用于对基质进行涂覆的方法 |
CN104471105A (zh) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-03-25 | 马勒金属立夫有限公司 | 滑动元件以及内燃机 |
CN107250581A (zh) * | 2015-02-19 | 2017-10-13 | 米巴滑动轴承奥地利有限公司 | 滑动轴承元件 |
CN107904542A (zh) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-13 | 青岛铸辉铜业有限公司 | 一种金属铜表面高耐磨涂层及其制备方法 |
CN111075841A (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-28 | 大同金属工业株式会社 | 滑动构件以及使用该滑动构件的轴承装置 |
CN111075841B (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2021-06-04 | 大同金属工业株式会社 | 滑动构件以及使用该滑动构件的轴承装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008131837A3 (de) | 2009-05-07 |
TWI342929B (zh) | 2011-06-01 |
JP4589458B2 (ja) | 2010-12-01 |
CN101680073B (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
MY166942A (en) | 2018-07-25 |
RU2433206C2 (ru) | 2011-11-10 |
JP2010525222A (ja) | 2010-07-22 |
RU2009143528A (ru) | 2011-05-27 |
TW200905095A (en) | 2009-02-01 |
EP4063532A1 (de) | 2022-09-28 |
DE102007019510B3 (de) | 2008-09-04 |
EP2150630A2 (de) | 2010-02-10 |
KR20100007902A (ko) | 2010-01-22 |
KR101131165B1 (ko) | 2012-03-28 |
WO2008131837A2 (de) | 2008-11-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101680073B (zh) | 属于滑动副的机械零件及其制造方法 | |
CN101285162B (zh) | 涂覆活塞环槽的热喷涂方法、喷涂丝的用途和活塞 | |
US4507151A (en) | Coating material for the formation of abrasion-resistant and impact-resistant coatings on workpieces | |
CN101031668B (zh) | 轴承材料及其制造方法 | |
CN102115882A (zh) | 一种金属基体表面熔覆合金的方法 | |
KR100614022B1 (ko) | 용사 피스톤 링 | |
CN1609477B (zh) | 具有冶金结合式涂层的链轮及其制造方法 | |
CA2207579A1 (fr) | Piece frittee a surface anti-abrasive et procede pour sa realisation | |
CN101326296A (zh) | 含Sn重载材料组合物、重载涂层的制备方法及其用途 | |
NO151273B (no) | Fremgangsmaate til fremstilling av en grafittform til bruk ved kontinuerlig stoeping av ikke-jern-metaller | |
GB2157600A (en) | Producing continuous-casting moulds | |
CN1035871A (zh) | 一种推力滑动轴承及其制造方法 | |
US3666456A (en) | Method of making composite wear resistant articles,such as face seals | |
CN103492737A (zh) | 轴承衬 | |
KR100879155B1 (ko) | 피스톤 링의 용사 방법 | |
CN102785003A (zh) | 一种堆焊铁基表面复合材料的方法 | |
US10393271B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing seals | |
KR100250217B1 (ko) | 연속 주조 주형의 경사기능 폭발 용사코팅방법 | |
CN114599890B (zh) | 滑动部件及其制造方法 | |
JP2902542B2 (ja) | ロール軸受 | |
CN100385033C (zh) | 机器部件的热喷涂 | |
RU2728122C1 (ru) | Комбинированная присадка для электроконтактной приварки на основе стальной ленты | |
DE29724028U1 (de) | Verbundgußwerkstück | |
KR20050064635A (ko) | 치크 플레이트의 내마모 코팅층 형성구조 | |
Borisov et al. | Effect of heat treatment on properties of coatings of self-fluxing iron-base alloy powders |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |