CN101673829A - Recovery processing method of waste zinc-manganese battery - Google Patents

Recovery processing method of waste zinc-manganese battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101673829A
CN101673829A CN200910192667A CN200910192667A CN101673829A CN 101673829 A CN101673829 A CN 101673829A CN 200910192667 A CN200910192667 A CN 200910192667A CN 200910192667 A CN200910192667 A CN 200910192667A CN 101673829 A CN101673829 A CN 101673829A
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China
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zinc
manganese
recycling
batteries
waste
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CN200910192667A
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南俊民
胡科水
方建章
成文
肖信
马国正
汤兴城
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South China Normal University
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South China Normal University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Abstract

The invention relates to a recovery processing method of waste zinc-manganese batteries. The method comprises the following steps: 1) Crushing the battery and recovering electrolyte; 2) Separating iron and organic matter components from the washed crushed material; 3) Acid dissolving and separating the remainder; 4) Recovering zinc from the filtrate. The invention can recycle zinc-manganese dry batteries and alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, not only can solve the environmental protection problem possibly caused by the waste batteries, but also can realize the recycling of valuable substances contained in the waste batteries. The process method has very high economic and social values; in the process flow provided by the invention, the used equipment is simple, the separation effect of valuable substances is good, the generation amount of secondary pollutants in the recovery process is small, harmless treatment can be realized, and the process technology is advanced; the process method provided by the invention is easy to be applied to large-scale production. The invention is a recycling method which is simple, practical, economical and practical and can be used for recycling waste zinc-manganese batteries in a large scale.

Description

Recovery processing method of waste zinc-manganese battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling treatment of solid wastes, in particular relates to a recycling treatment method of waste zinc-manganese batteries such as zinc-manganese dry batteries and alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, and belongs to an innovative technology for recycling the waste zinc-manganese batteries.
Background
Batteries have found widespread use in many areas of modern society. Particularly, china has become a world with battery production and export through the product structure adjustment in recent years in the battery industry. In 2008, the sales income of the battery industry exceeds 2000 million yuan, the output of the chemical batteries exceeds 320 million, and the export quantity exceeds 250 million. The production of zinc-manganese batteries (including zinc-manganese dry batteries and alkaline zinc-manganese batteries) accounts for about two-thirds of the production. It is estimated that each 10 million alkaline zinc manganese cells produced will consume 0.52 million tons of metallic zinc, 1.1 million tons of manganese dioxide, 906 tons of copper, 0.45 million tons of cold rolled steel, and 0.16 million tons of potassium hydroxide. Because each active substance used for producing the battery still exists in the battery after the service life of the battery is over, the recovery treatment of the waste battery can realize the recycling of the substances such as zinc, manganese and the like contained in the battery, relieve the increasingly severe global resource pressure and solve the potential pollution problem of the waste battery to the environment.
In the last decades, people mainly treat valuable substances in waste zinc-manganese batteries based on a pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical process flow when researching the recovery treatment technology of the zinc-manganese batteries. The methods generally crush the battery, and then sequentially separate and recover mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, electrolyte and the like. The pyrometallurgical process is sequentially separated according to the volatility difference of different substances in the battery under the high-temperature condition, and the method has the advantages of short process flow, high recovery efficiency and large energy consumption and equipment investment; the wet-process metallurgy method dissolves the battery waste materials firstly and then separates the battery waste materials, has complex process flow, is easy to realize the respective recovery of different species in the battery, and can bring secondary pollution. With the technical progress, the use of common zinc-manganese dry batteries is gradually eliminated in recent years, and mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese batteries are used for mass production and use instead. The alkalization rate has been reported to approach 90% in some developed countries, and 50% in china, and this figure is increasing at a constant rate. It is foreseen that the waste zinc manganese cells faced in the near future will be mainly mercury-free alkaline zinc manganese cells.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple, practical, economic and practical method for recovering and treating waste zinc-manganese batteries in a large scale by considering the problems. The invention can treat waste zinc-manganese batteries including zinc-manganese dry batteries and alkaline zinc-manganese batteries in a harmless way, and iron substances, electrolyte, manganese compounds, metal zinc and the like obtained in the recycling process can be applied to other industries, thereby realizing the recycling of valuable substances in the batteries and further recycling the waste zinc-manganese batteries to the maximum extent.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the invention relates to a recovery processing method of waste zinc-manganese batteries, which comprises the following steps:
1) Crushing the battery and recovering electrolyte;
2) Separating iron and organic matter components from the washed crushed material;
3) Acid dissolving and separating the remainder;
4) Recovering zinc from the filtrate.
In the step 1), the shell of the waste battery is opened, and then the electrolyte in the waste battery is separated by a water washing method.
The shell of the battery in the step 1) is firstly broken and opened, the pole core material can fall off from the shell in the subsequent ball milling process, and the electrolyte is recovered by a filtering method after the broken material is soaked by adding water.
In the step 2), an iron shell, a conductive rod, a diaphragm, an outer packaging film and an organic matter component of a sealing ring are separated from the water-washed crushed objects by using a method comprising ball milling, screening and magnetic separation.
And 2) performing ball milling on the water-washed crushed materials by using a ball mill in the step 2) to enable the battery pole core materials to fall off from the battery shell, then separating the battery shell, the battery pole core conductive rod and the organic matter components by using a screening method, and finally separating the diaphragm, the outer packaging film and the sealing ring by using magnetic separation.
In the step 3), the rest separated out of iron and organic components is dissolved by using sulfuric acid, and then the dissolved matter is filtered to respectively obtain a filtrate containing zinc ions and filter residues containing manganese compounds.
Dissolving the remainder of separated iron and organic components by using 0.5-6mol/L sulfuric acid in the step 3), and then respectively obtaining filtrate containing zinc ions and filter residue containing manganese compounds by using a filtration method.
In the step 4), zinc in the filtrate is recovered by an electrolytic deposition method.
And (5) electrolyzing in the step 4) by using a lead plate or a titanium plate as an electrode material of the electrolytic cell, and obtaining the metal zinc on the cathode by a direct current electrolysis method.
ZnSO in the electrolyte during the electrolysis 4 The content of (A) is controlled to be 160-50g/L; the electrolyzed solution can be reused for the dissolving process in the step 2).
At present, zinc-manganese dry batteries in waste zinc-manganese batteries mainly use zinc as a shell, alkaline zinc-manganese batteries use iron as a battery shell, and collected waste zinc-manganese batteries are generally a mixture of the two types of batteries. Many zinc-manganese batteries also use iron as the current collector for the battery electrodes. In general, the iron is used in a large amount in the whole waste zinc-manganese battery, and the iron is recovered by the ironHigh value zinc has a great influence. Therefore, the iron separation method directly influences the formulation of the recycling treatment process flow and the economic benefit of the process. In the invention, the iron component in the crushed material is separated by a screening method after the battery is crushed and the electrolyte is washed away, thereby simplifying the process flow and reducing the requirements of the process on equipment and chemicals. In addition, the crushed materials are washed by water to recover the electrolyte, and then the washed materials are subjected to ball milling treatment, so that the pole core materials can fall off from the battery shell and the conducting rod in a small particle form, the subsequent screening and separating operation requirements are met, and the purpose of separating an iron shell, the conducting rod, organic components and the like from the crushed materials is realized. The undersize obtained in the screening process is mainly zinc, zinc compounds and manganese compounds. In addition, the invention utilizes the characteristic that zinc and the chemical combination energy thereof are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and manganese dioxide is not dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid, so that the aim of dissolving zinc in undersize with sulfuric acid with a certain concentration and then separating manganese by a filtering method can be realized. The filter residue obtained by filtering is a manganese compound, and can be directly dried and sold as a raw material. The ions in the filtrate are mainly zinc ions, but the product after the manganese dioxide discharge can be partially dissolved into divalent manganese ions to enter the solution, so the filtrate also contains a small amount of manganese ions. Compared with the methods of organic matter extraction, chemical precipitation and the like, the method adopts an electrolysis method to separate zinc and manganese ions in the solution containing divalent zinc ions and manganese ionsThe preferred method of manganese. In particular, the method can directly obtain high-purity electrolytic zinc. In the process of electrolyzing zinc, because the room temperature environment condition is adopted, manganese ions can be left in the electrolyte. ZnSO in electrolyte during electrolysis 4 The content of (A) is controlled to be 160-50g/L, so that the current efficiency of the whole electrolysis process can be improved. The acidity of the electrolyzed solution is increased and the solution can be reused in the previous acid dissolution step. When the manganese content in the residual solution after electrolysis is excessively high, the manganese is separated in the form of manganese dioxide by using a method of alkali precipitation, roasting and sulfuric acid dissolution. Whole recovery pointAfter the treatment is finished, electrolyte, an iron shell, a conductive rod, zinc and manganese compounds, a diaphragm, a sealing ring, an outer packaging film and the like can be obtained. In particular, the method has no high-temperature roasting process, so that the generation of secondary pollutants in the waste gas can be avoided. Although sulfuric acid is used in the zinc-manganese separation process, the acid shows the characteristic of being reusable in combination with the subsequent electrolytic separation process, and the consumable is actually water, so that the possibility of secondary pollution caused by the acid is low. When treating a high manganese content electrolyte, the recovered electrolyte may be used for acid neutralization and precipitation. The characteristics of the process flow not only can ensure that the secondary pollutants generated in the whole recovery process are few and can be treated harmlessly, but also can improve the economic benefit of the whole flow. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages or effects:
1) The method for recycling the zinc-manganese dry battery and the alkaline zinc-manganese battery is a disposable battery which is most widely used at present, and the method not only can solve the environmental protection problem caused by the waste batteries, but also can realize the recycling of valuable substances contained in the waste batteries. The process method has high economic and social values;
2) In the process flow provided by the invention, the used equipment is simple, the separation effect of valuable substances is good, the generation amount of secondary pollutants in the recovery process is small, harmless treatment can be realized, and the process technology is advanced;
3) The process method provided by the invention is easy to be applied to large-scale production.
The invention is a convenient and practical method for recycling waste zinc-manganese batteries.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
the flow chart of the invention is shown in figure 1, and the recovery processing method of the waste zinc-manganese battery comprises the following steps:
1) Crushing the battery and recovering electrolyte;
2) Separating iron and organic matter components from the washed crushed material;
3) Acid dissolving and separating the remainder;
4) Recovering zinc from the filtrate.
In the step 1), the shell of the waste battery is opened, and then the electrolyte in the waste battery is separated by a water washing method.
The shell of the battery in the step 1) is firstly broken and opened, the pole core material can fall off from the shell in the subsequent ball milling process, and the electrolyte is recovered by a filtering method after the broken material is soaked by adding water.
In the step 2), an iron shell, a conductive rod, a diaphragm, an outer packaging film and an organic matter component of a sealing ring are separated from the water-washed crushed objects by using a method comprising ball milling, screening and magnetic separation.
And 2) performing ball milling on the water-washed crushed materials by using a ball mill in the step 2) to enable the battery pole core materials to fall off from the battery shell, then separating the battery shell, the battery pole core conductive rod and the organic matter component by using a screening method, and finally separating the zinc shell, the diaphragm, the outer packaging film and the sealing ring by using magnetic separation.
In the step 3), the rest separated out of iron and organic components is dissolved by using sulfuric acid, and then the dissolved matter is filtered to respectively obtain a filtrate containing zinc ions and filter residues containing manganese compounds.
Dissolving the remainder of the separated iron and organic components by using 0.5-6mol/L sulfuric acid in the step 3), and then respectively obtaining a filtrate containing zinc ions and a filter residue containing manganese compounds by using a filtration method.
In the step 4), zinc in the filtrate is recovered by an electrolytic deposition method.
And 4) electrolyzing in the step 4) by using a lead plate or a titanium plate as an electrode material of the electrolytic cell to obtain metal zinc on the cathode by a direct current electrolysis method.
ZnSO in the electrolyte during the electrolysis 4 The content of (A) is controlled to be 160-50g/L; electric powerThe solution after the dissolution can be reused for the dissolution process in step 3).
In this embodiment, the waste zinc-manganese dioxide battery to be treated is a mixture of a zinc-manganese dioxide dry battery and an alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery collected from the market, and the proportions of the zinc-manganese dioxide dry battery and the alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery are about 50% respectively, and the specific operations are as follows:
1) The batteries are crushed by a battery crusher (Chinese invention patent ZL 200410051922.1). And putting the crushed materials into an acid-alkali-resistant plastic container with a mechanical stirring device, and adding deionized water until the crushed materials are completely immersed. Mechanically stirred for 10 minutes and then filtered. The water washing operation was then repeated 1 more time. The second washing filtrate is used for the first washing of the subsequent crushed objects so as to increase the washing effect to the maximum extent and save water. Recovering the battery electrolyte from the aqueous wash.
2) And ball-milling the water-washed crushed material for 30 minutes by using a ball mill to ensure that the battery pole core material falls out of the battery shell, and then separating by using a sieve with the mesh size of 2 mm. The obtained oversize product mainly comprises a battery shell, a battery pole core conductive rod and organic matter components, and the undersize product mainly comprises a battery pole core substance. The ferromagnetic substance is adsorbed on the surface of the magnet by the magnet, and the iron substance is separated from the oversize product. And dissolving the magnetic separation residues with 3mol/L sulfuric acid, and filtering to obtain filtrate containing zinc ions, filter residues such as a diaphragm, an outer packaging film, a sealing ring and the like. Adding the filtrate containing zinc ions into the filtrate obtained in the subsequent acid dissolving step, and using the filtrate as electrolyte in the zinc electrolysis process.
3) The remainder from which the iron and organic components had been separated was dissolved using sulfuric acid having a concentration of 3 mol/L. Wherein, the metal zinc and the zinc compound can be completely dissolved into zinc ions to enter the solution, and then the filtrate and the filter residue containing the manganese compound are respectively obtained by a filtering method.
4) When the zinc is separated from the solution by electrodeposition, a lead plate is used as an electrode material of an electrolytic cell, and the metal zinc is obtained on a cathode by a direct current electrolysis method. Concentrating the ZnSO in the leaching solution by adopting a solution concentration method 4 The content of (A) is adjusted to about 160g/L in advance, and ZnSO is generated during electrolysis 4 The content of (A) is controlled to be 50g/L at the lowest, and fresh solution is used for replacement below the concentration. The electrolytic residual solution was repeatedly used in the preceding acid dissolving step. When the manganese content in the solution is accumulated to affect the deposition of zinc, the recovered electrolyte is used for precipitating manganese, and the manganese is separated in the form of manganese dioxide through roasting and sulfuric acid dissolution in sequence.
Example 2
This example is the same as the recycling method of example 1, except that the batteries to be recycled are used as waste zinc-manganese dry batteries, the batteries are broken by a cutter in step 1), the sulfuric acid concentration for dissolving the broken batteries in step 3) is 6mol/L, and a titanium plate is used as the electrode material of the electrolytic cell for electrolysis in step 4).
Example 3
This example is the same as the recovery method of example 1, except that the batteries subjected to the recovery treatment were all alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, the sulfuric acid concentration of the crushed materials dissolved in the batteries in step 3) was 0.5mol/L, and in step 4), a titanium plate was used for electrolysis as an electrode material of the electrolytic cell.

Claims (10)

1. A recovery processing method of waste zinc-manganese batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Crushing the battery and recovering electrolyte;
2) Separating iron and organic matter components from the washed crushed material;
3) Acid dissolving and separating the remainder;
4) Recovering zinc from the filtrate.
2. The method for recycling and treating waste zinc-manganese dioxide batteries according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the shells of the waste batteries are opened, and then the electrolyte in the waste batteries is separated by washing with water.
3. The method for recycling and treating waste zinc-manganese dioxide batteries according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the shells of the batteries are first broken and opened, and the pole core materials can be separated from the shells in the subsequent ball milling process, and the electrolyte is recycled by filtering after the broken materials are soaked in water.
4. The method for recycling and processing the waste zinc-manganese dioxide batteries according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) is to separate iron shells and conductive rods, and organic components of diaphragms, outer packaging films and sealing rings from the water-washed crushed materials by using a method comprising ball milling, sieving and magnetic separation.
5. The method for recycling and treating waste zinc-manganese dioxide batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that in step 2), the crushed washed materials are ball-milled by a ball mill to remove the battery pole core materials from the battery shell, then the battery shell, the battery pole core conductive rod and the organic matter components are separated by a screening method, and finally the diaphragm, the outer packaging film and the sealing ring are separated by magnetic separation.
6. The method for recycling and treating waste zinc-manganese dioxide batteries according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the remainder from which the iron and organic components have been separated is dissolved by using sulfuric acid, and then the dissolved matter is filtered to obtain a filtrate containing zinc ions and a filter residue containing manganese compounds, respectively.
7. The method for recycling and treating waste zinc-manganese dioxide batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that in the step 3), sulfuric acid with concentration of 0.5-6mol/L is used to dissolve the remainder from which the iron and organic components have been separated, and then a filtering method is used to obtain a filtrate containing zinc ions and a filter residue containing manganese compounds, respectively.
8. The method for recycling and treating waste zinc-manganese dioxide batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 4), zinc in the filtrate is recycled by electrolytic deposition.
9. The method for recycling and treating waste zinc-manganese dioxide batteries according to claim 8, characterized in that in the step 4), the metal zinc is obtained on the cathode by direct current electrolysis using lead plates or titanium plates as electrode materials of the electrolytic cell.
10. The recovery processing method of the waste zinc-manganese dioxide batteries according to claim 9, characterized in that the content of ZnSO4 in the electrolyte during the electrolysis is controlled to be 160-50g/L; the electrolyzed solution can be reused for the dissolution process in step 3).
CN200910192667A 2009-09-25 2009-09-25 Recovery processing method of waste zinc-manganese battery Pending CN101673829A (en)

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Cited By (12)

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CN102136583A (en) * 2011-02-14 2011-07-27 华南师范大学 Regeneration method of zinc powder as negative electrode material of waste alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery
CN103545538A (en) * 2013-11-06 2014-01-29 安徽工业大学 Method for preparing raw material for manganese series ferroalloy by using waste zinc-manganese dry battery
CN104162536A (en) * 2014-08-01 2014-11-26 西安建筑科技大学 Harmless treatment and resource utilization method of waste cathode
CN104394995A (en) * 2012-03-30 2015-03-04 Rsr科技股份有限公司 Magnetic separation of electrochemical cell materials
CN105470492A (en) * 2015-11-25 2016-04-06 南方科技大学 Recycling method of waste alkaline manganese battery positive electrode material, trimanganese tetroxide composite slurry and application thereof
CN107619064A (en) * 2017-09-16 2018-01-23 南昌诺义弘科技有限公司 A kind of waste lithium cell zinc metal sheet prepares zinc sulfate crystal unit
CN108123144A (en) * 2017-12-22 2018-06-05 横琴国际知识产权交易中心有限公司 Urban energy-saving environment-friendly type community intelligent waste dry battery recycling device and method
CN109825708A (en) * 2019-01-25 2019-05-31 中南大学 Method for recovering positive and negative electrode substances in waste alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery
CN110752384A (en) * 2019-09-16 2020-02-04 东南大学 Recycling method of waste zinc-manganese battery
CN113299937A (en) * 2021-05-17 2021-08-24 成都工业学院 Method for recycling waste zinc-manganese dry batteries and directly using waste zinc-manganese dry batteries for rechargeable zinc-manganese batteries
RU2763076C1 (en) * 2021-09-01 2021-12-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Технологии Вторичных Металлов» Method for processing waste salt and alkaline batteries
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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102136583A (en) * 2011-02-14 2011-07-27 华南师范大学 Regeneration method of zinc powder as negative electrode material of waste alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery
US10046334B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2018-08-14 Rsr Technologies, Inc. Magnetic separation of electrochemical cell materials
CN104394995A (en) * 2012-03-30 2015-03-04 Rsr科技股份有限公司 Magnetic separation of electrochemical cell materials
CN104394995B (en) * 2012-03-30 2017-05-24 Rsr科技股份有限公司 Magnetic separation of electrochemical cell materials
US11919010B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2024-03-05 Rsr Technologies, Inc. Magnetic separation of electrochemical cell materials
US11103880B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2021-08-31 Rsr Technologies, Inc. Magnetic separation of electrochemical cell materials
CN103545538A (en) * 2013-11-06 2014-01-29 安徽工业大学 Method for preparing raw material for manganese series ferroalloy by using waste zinc-manganese dry battery
CN104162536A (en) * 2014-08-01 2014-11-26 西安建筑科技大学 Harmless treatment and resource utilization method of waste cathode
CN105470492A (en) * 2015-11-25 2016-04-06 南方科技大学 Recycling method of waste alkaline manganese battery positive electrode material, trimanganese tetroxide composite slurry and application thereof
CN107619064B (en) * 2017-09-16 2019-07-12 扬州市海德灯业有限公司 A kind of waste lithium cell zinc metal sheet prepares zinc sulfate crystal unit
CN107619064A (en) * 2017-09-16 2018-01-23 南昌诺义弘科技有限公司 A kind of waste lithium cell zinc metal sheet prepares zinc sulfate crystal unit
CN108123144A (en) * 2017-12-22 2018-06-05 横琴国际知识产权交易中心有限公司 Urban energy-saving environment-friendly type community intelligent waste dry battery recycling device and method
CN109825708A (en) * 2019-01-25 2019-05-31 中南大学 Method for recovering positive and negative electrode substances in waste alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery
CN110752384A (en) * 2019-09-16 2020-02-04 东南大学 Recycling method of waste zinc-manganese battery
CN113299937A (en) * 2021-05-17 2021-08-24 成都工业学院 Method for recycling waste zinc-manganese dry batteries and directly using waste zinc-manganese dry batteries for rechargeable zinc-manganese batteries
CN113299937B (en) * 2021-05-17 2022-07-12 成都工业学院 Method for recycling waste zinc-manganese dry batteries and directly using waste zinc-manganese dry batteries in rechargeable zinc-manganese batteries
RU2763076C1 (en) * 2021-09-01 2021-12-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Технологии Вторичных Металлов» Method for processing waste salt and alkaline batteries
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Open date: 20100317