CN101667333B - Method and device for wirelessly reading a meter - Google Patents
Method and device for wirelessly reading a meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101667333B CN101667333B CN2009101900618A CN200910190061A CN101667333B CN 101667333 B CN101667333 B CN 101667333B CN 2009101900618 A CN2009101900618 A CN 2009101900618A CN 200910190061 A CN200910190061 A CN 200910190061A CN 101667333 B CN101667333 B CN 101667333B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for wirelessly reading a meter, in particular to a centralized type method and a device for unidirectionally and wirelessly reading a meter. The device comprises N slave stations, P main stations, K simulation front terminals and a management center; and each slave station consists of a remote transmission meter and a radio transmitter. The method comprises the following steps: performing direct sequence spread spectrum of data collected by the N slave stations according to preset pseudo-random codes; transmitting signals after spread spectrum and digital modulation on M carrier frequencies; for the main stations, performing down conversion and digitalization of the received signals on the K carrier frequencies; and performing matching despread-spectrum of the digitalized signals one after another by using L pseudo-random codes adopted by the spread spectrum of the slave stations to demodulate out data sent by the slave stations. In the invention, spread spectrum is applied to the signal transmission of wireless meter reading, so that the signal to noise ratio is greatly improved, and better penetrability and transmission distance under slim transmission power can be obtained; the main stations can manage more than thousands of slave stations; the unidirectional communication greatly reduces the cost and power consumption of slave station equipment of the wireless meter reading system; and with the invention, the centralized reading can be rapidly popularized and applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless meter reading method and equipment, particularly centralized uni-directional wireless meter register method and equipment.
Background technology
Along with the human living development of urbanization, the water that people are required,, the supply of basic necessity for life such as combustion gas is channelization and circuitization, for the water power gas consumption to the user carries out meterage and management and running, supply department is equipped with gauging table at user's indoor or outdoors, for being installed on indoor gauge table, manual metering often is difficult to copy in official hour owing to resident family stays out, registering one's residence checks meter causes very big difficulty to the supvr, the user also has problems from privacy and security aspect, produce Automatic meter reading system for this reason, mainly be divided into cable data transmission group net mode and wireless data transmission networking mode.
The wired MANET of some levels that cable data transmission group net mode is formed with RS485 or M-BUS bus is an Intranet, with the cable network data transmission system of phone common network (PSTN) or wireless public meshwork (as: GSM, GPRS, CDMA etc.) and write by hand device composition.In the zone based on wired network, the zone outer with common network as information transfer channel.The technology comparative maturity; The wiring amount is big in the zone, installation and maintenance cost height.Though launch with the application of line of electric force as the signal transport vehicle, because the electromagnetic pollution of China's electrical network is bigger, the success ratio of checking meter is very low.
The wireless data transmission networking mode is a main body composition data transmission system with short distance, the low-consumption wireless communication technology.Carry out networking with reference to some technology of wireless sensor network (WSN) in the zone, the zone outward still with common network as information transfer channel.Need not connect up in the zone, convenient for installation and maintenance, but unit cost height, data are subject to electromagnetic interference effect, the terminal user be slave station more for a long time, the signal that main website receives exists the phase mutual interference between each signal of slave station and the interference of other signals of similar frequency bands, for solving phase mutual interference and similar frequency bands signal interference problem, the producer that has takes the slave station instrument signal is staggeredly in time repeatedly launched, obtained processing gain with frequency-shift keying (as FSK), for example: " the unidirectional low-cost wireless intelligence Automatic meter reading system " that Tang Rui electronics scientific technology co in Shanghai produces.Need the artificial clock of setting slave station, and respectively must stagger from station clock, main website could be correct receive each slave station signal, with setting transmission time interval and setting the signal emission that the minimum traffic volume of metering is controlled slave station, because it is at random that each slave station user reaches the time of minimum metering traffic volume, makes bumping of slave station signal transmission rush probability and reduce.Its technology derives from the ZL200610023503.6 patent " method of the quantitative timed sending continuous data of a kind of wireless meter reading system terminal " of Shanghai Tangray Information Technology Co., Ltd.'s application.Take this mode to need setting clock, transmission interval and the minimum of the good slave station of planning and design in advance to measure traffic volume, but it is loaded down with trivial details that debugging is set, high to the clock accuracy requirement of slave station, can not solve the co-channel interference of outside in addition.Since between slave station and the main website often across a lot of roads wall, reinforced concrete wall is very big to the decay of wireless signal, only by directly digital signal is modulated at the mode of launching on the carrier wave by FSK or GFSK can not obtain high processing gain, the link attenuation communication allowance deficiency that multilayer floor and wall increase, because the requirement of radiowave management, improve the method that emissive power obtains the communication allowance and also be subjected to strict restriction, thereby cause indivedual slave stations can't reliable reception.
For overcome these shortcoming states extrapolated Zigbee micro power radio communication MANET technology, Zigbee a kind ofly sets up based on the 802.15.4 protocol stack, possessed powerful equipment networking function, but for the Zigbee that is operated in 2.4G, existence and WiFi, bluetooth problem of co-channel interference and 2.4GHz penetrability and sensitivity are relatively poor, and distance is unsatisfactory; Because WiFi adopts spread spectrum, in the place that the WiFi focus is arranged, ZigBee can't work substantially.So; in such cases; adopt the proprietary protocol wireless self-networking technology of low frequency ISM band then to have advantage; though the robustness of ZigBee is fine; but for most systems; ZigBee solution complexity is too high, causing system performance, stability and cost problem simultaneously, also needs extra effort to reach the strict standard of specification usually.Many times the needed network capabilities of wireless kilowatt meter reading-out system is very low, adopts standard techniques to comprise many redundancy functions, and this makes that the bulking property price ratio of ZigBee is very low.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: solve existing each slave station signal of wireless unidirectional kilowatt meter reading-out system easily collided, is subject to external disturbance, signal penetration power difference in main website problem, the wireless meter reading method and the equipment of a kind of low cost, high antinoise, anti-interference, anti-fading, anti-multipath effect is provided.
Wireless meter reading method of the present invention is that the data of N slave station instrument to collect are carried out direct sequence spread spectrum by predefined pseudo-random code, signal behind the spread spectrum is through digital modulation timesharing emission on M carrier frequency, main website carries out down coversion and digitizing to the signal on K the carrier frequency that receives, signal after the digitizing mates despreading one by one with the L kind pseudo-random code that the slave station spread spectrum is adopted, demodulate the data that slave station sends, L, N, M, K are natural number.
Can utilize the address (be slave station and pseudo-random code one by one shine upon) of different pseudo-random code sequences as slave station identification, in slave station and main website, store tributary address-pseudo-random code mapping table respectively, be similar to code book, the spread-spectrum signal that slave station sends makes the phase mutual interference between the slave station drop to very low because the orthogonality of pseudo-random code has low-down correlativity.Also can adopt the same pseudo-random sign indicating number in same main website scope, tributary address is distinguished with the address bit that sends in the data, and the interference between the slave station relies on the orthogonality of preferred spread spectrum random code on time domain to suppress; Can also select more than one pseudo-random codes that the same signal of slave station instrument is carried out more than one spread spectrums, increase the redundance of signal, improve a copy reading success ratio of checking meter.
The coupling that main website may be used for the L kind pseudo-random code of spread spectrum to slave station comprises the phase-locking and the Frequency Synchronization of slave station pseudo-random code and main website pseudo-random code, main website pseudo-random code frequency can be finely tuned on spot frequency in stepping, and range of adjustment is the maximum clock correction of main website and slave station; Stepping largest interval when the main website pseudo-random code phases is synchronous is 1/2 chip.If indicate with the address of pseudo-random code as slave station, then the Frequency Synchronization adjusting of main website pseudo-random code and slave station transmission signal will be a relatively-stationary interval, the i.e. clock correction of main website and corresponding slave station substantially.
The slave station instrument signal is distributed in the spectral range of broad by the signal energy of direct sequence spread spectrum with the arrowband, again signal is reduced to narrow band signal by despreading, through spread spectrum and despreading the undesired signal in the arrowband is rejected, but in the actual electromagnetic environment, the undesired signal that covers slave station modulate emission frequency range is often arranged, in this case, the frequency hopping emission is a method of further improving communication quality.Multicarrier receives and causes main website reception processing signals amount to be multiplied, thereby the interference size on the carrier frequency is initiatively intercepted, receiving terminal signal on the little carrier wave frequency range of interference, the reception of minimizing corrupt data by main website.
Radio meter register equipment of the present invention, comprise N the slave station of forming by remote installed meter tool and transmitting set, P main website and an administrative center, it is characterized in that transmitting set is by microprocessor, straight sequence spread spectrum sign indicating number generation unit, variable carrier wave digital modulation unit, the carrier transmit unit, emitting antenna, clock unit and power supply are formed, direct-reading data that timing microprocessor reads from the remote installed meter tool or accumulative total pulse data are sent into straight sequence spread spectrum sign indicating number generation unit and are carried out direct sequence spread spectrum with predefined pseudo-random code, signal behind the spread spectrum is sent into variable carrier wave digital modulation unit, under microprocessor control, signal behind the spread spectrum is modulated on M the carrier frequency, and sends by the amplification of carrier transmit unit and by emitting antenna; Main website is made up of main control computer, a K AFE (analog front end), common network communication module, AFE (analog front end) comprises receiving antenna, carrier wave amplifying unit, down-converter unit, digital unit and clock unit, the carrier signal that antenna receives is sent into down-converter unit after the carrier wave amplifying unit amplifies, signal carries out the A/D conversion through digital unit after the down coversion, digital signal after the conversion sends into that main control computer is stored and digital signal processing, and above-mentioned K, M, N, P are natural number.
Main website has the carrier wave frequency range field intensity to intercept the unit, and when detecting certain frequency range interference is arranged, main control computer changes the carrier wave receive frequency of AFE (analog front end).Intercepting the unit can be special testing circuit, also can make the carrier wave frequency range field intensity with AFE (analog front end) and intercept the unit.
The present invention applies to radio meter register with spread spectrum, and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of wireless signal is greatly improved, and can obtain penetration power and transmission range preferably under small emissive power; One-way communication and micropower emission have solved powered battery instrument such as water meter, gas meter, flow meter simultaneously and have required powered battery to reach the requirement of several years tenure of use; The frequency hopping emission of slave station reduces the probability that influences of external interference signals at double, receives the acceptance rate raising of the active detecting reception of main website with useful signal, for main website despreading is fast and accurately laid a good foundation.Use by above-mentioned technological synthesis, the cost of wireless kilowatt meter reading-out system is reduced significantly, reach on the basis of industry standard requirement a copy reading success ratio, receive main website office terminal quantity and can reach thousands of, the open ground transmission range reaches several kilometers, can be widely used in the collections of centralized automatic meter-reading, the data acquisition of fire-fighting smoke alarm, the data acquisition of warm canopy humiture, bridge and other buildings Monitoring Data, the collection of seismic survey detector data or the like, significantly reduced hand labor, reduce managerial cost, improved automatization level.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the formation synoptic diagram of radio meter register equipment
Fig. 2 is a slave station circuitry block diagram
Fig. 3 is a main website equipment block diagram
Specific implementation method
Accompanying drawing 1 has represented that the system of radio meter register equipment forms, N slave station is made up of remote installed meter tool (1) and transmitting set (2), K AFE (analog front end) (3) receives the meter reading data signal of slave station on K carrier frequency, the signal that receives is sent into the main control computer (4) of main website after amplification is converted to digital signal, receiving main website has the carrier wave frequency range field intensity to intercept unit (7), when detecting certain frequency range interference is arranged, main control computer changes the carrier wave receive frequency of AFE (analog front end).Main control computer carries out digital signal processing with each slave station data, and despreading goes out the remote installed meter tool data of the time of reception and is stored in the main control computer, and along with slave station transmission data at interval, main control computer constantly writes down despread data or refreshes.Mainly be that despread data is refreshed in time concerning checking meter, concerning the monitoring purposes, will refresh also and will carry out record real time data to historical data.The data that P master station computer compiled mail to administrative center (6) through common network communication module (5) with record data, communication modes can be data, services such as the GPRS of GSM network or the CDMA1X of CDMA etc. in the wireless telecommunications, also can be the Internet or Leased line.
The remote installed meter tool can be water meter, combustion gas ammeter, calorimeter etc. according to the utilization difference, the remote installed meter tool also can be fire-fighting cigarette propagated sensation sensor, Temperature Humidity Sensor, pressure transducer or seismic event sensor, the remote installed meter tool can be pulse meter tool or direct-reading gage tool, microprocessor for the direct-reading gage tool (10) is after direct-reading remote installed meter tool (1) sends reading command, and the remote installed meter tool is waken up to microprocessor (10) and sends the direct-reading data; For the pulse meter tool, then microprocessor (10) inside must be provided with the stored count device and outside calibration equipment is set the initial value of stored count device, and machinery shows and the error of electronic counting so that eliminate.
If we with different L kind pseudo-random code sequences as the slave station identification address, microprocessor (10) adds the data of remote installed meter tool (1) that the pseudo-random code sequence with unique correspondence carries out spread spectrum in direct sequence spread spectrum codes generation unit (11) after the information such as table tool type, leading, verification, and the main control computer of main website (4) mates despreading with all possible L kind pseudo-random code.In the reality, generally to adopt same pseudo-random code, remote installed meter tool (1) data to add that the pseudo-random code sequence with correspondence carries out spread spectrum in direct sequence spread spectrum codes generation unit (11) after the information such as table tool address, table tool type, leading, verification in the main website scope; Digital signal behind the spread spectrum is sent into variable carrier wave digital modulation unit (12), under the control of microprocessor (10), carry out the carrier modulation of M frequency, and the modulation signal timesharing of M frequency sent into amplify in the carrier transmit unit (13) after emitting antenna (16) repeat its transmission, the modulation system of variable carrier wave digital modulation unit (12) can be amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK) or phase-shift keying (PSK) (PSK), owing to belong to digital modulation, generally take aspect anti-interference noise ability and signal spectrum utilization factor biphase phase shift keying (BPSK) or quarternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) (QPSK) circuit preferably for direct sequence spread spectrum.Slave station power supply (15) adopts battery, generally uses lithium rechargeable batteries.
Accompanying drawing 3 expression main websites are by AFE (analog front end) (3), main control computer (4), common network communication module (5), clock unit (20) and power supply (21) are formed, the extension frequency carrier signal that main website receiving antenna (22) receives is sent into and is sent into down-converter unit (18) frequency conversion after carrier wave amplifying unit (17) amplifies, signal after the frequency conversion is sent into digital unit (19) and is carried out the A/D conversion, digital signal after the conversion is sent into main control computer (4) and is carried out digital signal processing, the coupling despreading that main website may be used for the L kind pseudo-random code of spread spectrum to slave station comprises the phase-locking and the Frequency Synchronization of slave station pseudo-random code and main website pseudo-random code, main website pseudo-random code frequency can be finely tuned on spot frequency in stepping, range of adjustment is the maximum clock correction of main website clock unit (20) and slave station clock unit (14), and the stepping largest interval when the main website pseudo-random code phases is synchronous is 1/2 chip.Require signal digitalized unit (19) to carry out the sample frequency of A/D conversion greater than 2 times of pseudo-random code frequencies for this reason.In main control computer (4), write down and refresh through the slave station data of despreading, when administrative center needs data information, the terminal data transmission is gone over by common network communication module (5).
Claims (4)
1. wireless meter reading method, it is characterized in that described method comprises: the data of N slave station collection are carried out direct sequence spread spectrum by predefined pseudo-random code, signal behind the spread spectrum is through launching on M carrier frequency after the digital modulation, main website carries out down coversion and digitizing to the signal on K the carrier frequency that receives, signal after the digitizing mates despreading one by one with the L kind pseudo-random code that the slave station spread spectrum is adopted, demodulate the data that slave station sends, L, N, M, K are natural number.
2. wireless meter reading method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the L of main website kind pseudo-random code coupling comprises the phase-locking and the Frequency Synchronization of slave station pseudo-random code and main website pseudo-random code, main website pseudo-random code frequency can be finely tuned on spot frequency in stepping, range of adjustment is a main website clock and from the maximum clock correction of station clock, and the stepping largest interval when the main website pseudo-random code phases is synchronous is 1/2 code element.
3. radio meter register equipment, comprise N the slave station of forming by remote installed meter tool (1) and transmitting set (2), a P main website and an administrative center (6), it is characterized in that transmitting set (2) is by microprocessor unit (10), straight sequence spread spectrum sign indicating number generation unit (11), variable carrier wave digital modulation unit (12), carrier transmit unit (13), emitting antenna (16), clock unit (14) and power supply (15) are formed, microprocessor (10) regularly will be sent into direct sequence spread spectrum codes generation unit (11) from direct-reading data or the accumulative total pulse data that read remote installed meter tool (1), carry out direct sequence spread spectrum with predefined pseudo-random code, signal behind the spread spectrum is sent into variable carrier wave digital modulation unit (12), under microprocessor (10) control, signal behind the spread spectrum is modulated on M carrier wave, and, send by emitting antenna (16) by carrier transmit unit (13) amplification; Main website is by main control computer (4), K AFE (analog front end) (3), common network communication module (5), clock unit (20) and power supply (21) are formed, AFE (analog front end) (3) comprises receiving antenna (22), carrier wave amplifying unit (17), down-converter unit (18) and digital unit (19), the slave station carrier signal that receiving antenna (22) receives is sent into down-converter unit (18) frequency conversion after carrier wave amplifying unit (17) amplifies, signal after the frequency conversion is sent into digital unit (19) and is carried out the A/D conversion, digital signal after the conversion is sent into main control computer (4) and is carried out digital signal processing, above-mentioned K, M, N, P is a natural number.
4. radio meter register equipment according to claim 3 is characterized in that main website has the carrier wave frequency range field intensity to intercept unit (7), and when detecting certain frequency range interference is arranged, main control computer (4) changes the carrier wave receive frequency of AFE (analog front end) (3).
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| CN2009101900618A CN101667333B (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2009-09-15 | Method and device for wirelessly reading a meter |
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| CN2009101900618A CN101667333B (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2009-09-15 | Method and device for wirelessly reading a meter |
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| CN101667333A CN101667333A (en) | 2010-03-10 |
| CN101667333B true CN101667333B (en) | 2011-10-12 |
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| CN2009101900618A Expired - Fee Related CN101667333B (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2009-09-15 | Method and device for wirelessly reading a meter |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102236959B (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2014-10-01 | 孙洪涛 | Sensing network-based wireless meter reading system and meter reading method thereof |
| CN103117774A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-22 | 北京中宸泓昌科技有限公司 | Chip used for power carrier communication |
| CN104484986A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-04-01 | 武汉阿米特科技有限公司 | Data transmission method, wireless transmitting device and wireless receiving device |
| CN106130741A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-11-16 | 重庆市山城燃气设备有限公司 | Wireless frequency expansion intelligent domestic measuring instrument, remote transmitting gas meter system and control method |
| CN106370253A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-02-01 | 成都前锋电子仪器有限责任公司 | Concentrator system applied to remote transmitting gas meter |
| CN107123252A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-01 | 南京林洋电力科技有限公司 | A kind of M BUS trailing frogs and its intelligent switching circuit |
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