CN101667321B - Solar generation monitoring and alarming system - Google Patents
Solar generation monitoring and alarming system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101667321B CN101667321B CN2009100343509A CN200910034350A CN101667321B CN 101667321 B CN101667321 B CN 101667321B CN 2009100343509 A CN2009100343509 A CN 2009100343509A CN 200910034350 A CN200910034350 A CN 200910034350A CN 101667321 B CN101667321 B CN 101667321B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solar generation monitoring and alarming system comprising a host computer, a slave computer and an environmental sensor. The host computer and the slave computer are connected by an RS485 or RS232 bus; the environmental sensor and the host computer are connected by an environmental sampling interface; the slave computer comprises a current sensor, an RS485 or RS232 communication interface, a communication address setting switch, a current grade range setting switch and a CPU; the current sensor comprises coils, an open magnetic ring and a linear Hall element; both ends of each coil are connected in series between a series loop and a convergence box of each solar panel of a solar generating system; analog data output by the linear Hall element are connected to the AD port of the CPU for sampling; the current sensor is provided with 16 different coils; the host computer comprises the CPU, a memory, a clock chip, a speaker, an LCD, a keyboard, an RS485 communication interface, an environmental sampling interface and a network interface. The invention can accurately measure generating currents of solar components with different current ranges and integrate external environmental detection to access in the system.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar generation monitoring and alarming system that is applied to the solar photovoltaic generation system operation.
(2) background technology
The shortest design service life of current solar photovoltaic generation system operation is 25 years, and whole project economic return is made up of investment part, operation maintenance expense, generating income expense.When not seeking better to improve the method for solar energy system generating efficiency, Costco Wholesale is the key factor of restriction photovoltaic development, therefore how improving effective operation ratio of system, is to improve generating efficiency, realizes one of maximized good method of investment interests.
At present, have only the relevant system product of only a few to be present in market on the foreign market, some solar electrical energy generation aspect monitoring systems are also arranged on the home market, but up to this point, also there is not reliable and stable business-like product to occur, main cause is that functional reliability does not reach requirement, exists the difficult point aspect following two in technology and management:
(1) the solar electrical energy generation assembly generally has three kinds of monocrystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous at present, performances such as saturated generation current between the various assemblies exist very big difference, if adopt the sensor detecting method of unified range, can only select the bigger sensor of range to unify to detect, then cause when measuring the less assembly of electric current, cause bigger measuring error; If adopt the current sensor of different ranges to detect for different assemblies, then need handle respectively the data of sampling out, exist higher requirement in technology and the management.
(2) the solar electrical energy generation data are with closely related between the external environment condition, when monitoring solar electrical energy generation data, if single data with measurement are carried out judgment processing, thereby whether the generating of reaching a conclusion is normal, tend to occur false alarm, so external environment condition must be detected and integrate connecting system, also exist higher requirement in technology and the management.
(3) summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned difficult point, provide a kind of and can accurately measure the generation current of different current range solar components, simultaneously external environment condition detected the solar generation monitoring and alarming system of integrating connecting system.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of solar generation monitoring and alarming system, it is characterized in that described system comprises main frame, slave and environmental sensor, adopt RS485 or RS232 bus to be connected between main frame and the slave, adopt the environment interface of sampling to be connected between environmental sensor and the main frame;
Described slave comprises current sensor, RS485 or RS232 communication interface, address is provided with switch, the current range grade is provided with switch and CPU, current sensor comprises coil, opening magnet ring and linear Hall, coil is around on the opening magnet ring, linear Hall places opening magnet ring opening part, the coil two ends seal between the series loop and header box of each solar panel of solar power system, the AD port that is connected to CPU by linear Hall output analog data is sampled, described current sensor is provided with the current sensor of 16 kinds of different wire circles, its maximum electric current of measuring does not wait from 1A-16A, at 16 kinds of current ranges setting on the slave that different range current sensors have been installed between the 0-15, described address is provided with switch and current range grade and switch is set all links to each other with the IO port of CPU, RS485 or RS232 communication interface external 485 or 232 buses, carry out data communication with main frame, described CPU adopts a kind of 51 series monolithics of general band AD sample port, this CPU carries the serial communication interface, an external RS485 or 232 communication modules, described CPU establishes 8 registers altogether and is used to deposit the current value of sampling, regularly per 5 second the once sampling electric current, deposit in successively in 8 registers, the 9th time sampled value is deposited since No. 1 register again, covers old value;
Described main frame comprises CPU, storer, clock chip, loudspeaker, LCD, keyboard, the RS485 communication interface, environment sampling interface and network interface, TMS320LF2407DSP under the C2000 platform that CPU employing TI company releases, storer adopts the serial ports FLASH storer of 4M, be connected with the SPI module that CPU carries, clock chip adopts the DS1232 chip to be connected with two universaling I/O ports of CPU, carry out serial data exchange, adopt power module and backup battery dual power supply, loudspeaker is controlled by the universaling I/O port driving triode of CPU, LCD adopts the module of 128*64 dot matrix, be connected to the bus of CPU, CPU adopts the SCI module that carries to link to each other with outside 485 or 232 buses by the RS485 communication interface, realize the communication between main frame and the slave, environment sampling interface is realized the sampling of environmental sensor by the AD sample port of CPU, the W5100 chip that network interface adopts WIZnet company to produce, with CPU two kinds of connected modes of parallel or serial port are arranged, network interface inside is integrated with 10/100 ethernet controller, the inner integrated ICP/IP protocol stack of W5100, ethernet medium transport layer and Physical layer, W5100 inside also is integrated with the 16KB storer;
The system works principle:
After dispatching from the factory, system before normal operation, sets some necessary parameter, as current time, query time interval, slave quantity, this machine IP address with select the journey host IP address, slave is when mounted by the address that configures slave from small to large in proper order, in the same subsystem, the address is provided with maximum address 250 since 1; Surpass at 250 o'clock, remaining slave is inserted another subsystem;
Adopt serial ports multi computer communication pattern before main frame and the slave, address 00 and 255 broadcasting commands as main frame, 00 all slaves of order stop sampling, and 255 all slaves of order begin sampling;
In a subsystem, main frame is every the current data of a period of time inquiry slave sampling, and querying method is a polling method.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The mode of slave, regularly detect sampling by each slave sampling system, and with the sampling data be sent to main frame by communication interface RS485 or RS232, the main frame the integration environment detects interface, and the data that receive are gathered, carry out analytical calculation by the rule of setting, draw generation comprehensive state-detection result at last, judge whether output alarm.
The present invention is with the current sample port of slave, be connected between the series loop and header box of each solar panel of electricity generation system, its generation current data of sampling, gather to main frame by RS485 or RS232 port current data again each series loop, carry out analyzing and processing by the data that main frame will gather by the predetermined rule of software, when data meet or exceed setting range, main frame will send alerting signal and drive the loudspeaker warning, fault is deposited in the FLASH storer simultaneously, and network interface by carrying, warning message is sent to distance host, for the monitoring of user's remote inquiry.
The present invention can be applicable to the photovoltaic plant of various scales, no matter is autonomous system, grid-connected system, or commingled system.By finding that the earliest system mistake and the fastest enforcement keeps in repair that to improve each photovoltaic be economy return, reduce maintenance cost.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the current sensor structural representation that the present invention relates to.
Fig. 2 is the slave structural representation that the present invention relates to.
Fig. 3 is the main machine structure synoptic diagram that the present invention relates to.
Reference numeral among the figure:
(5) embodiment
Solar generation monitoring and alarming system of the present invention, this system by main frame, slave, and environmental sensor (temperature, radiation) form, adopt RS485 or RS232 bus to be connected between main frame and the slave, adopt the environment interface of sampling to be connected between environmental sensor and the main frame.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the slave structural representation that the present invention relates to.As seen from Figure 2, slave by current sensor, RS485 or RS232 communication interface, address switch is set, switch is set the current range grade and CPU forms.Current sensor is formed (Fig. 1) by coil 1, opening magnet ring 2 and linear Hall 3.Coil 1 is around on the opening magnet ring 2, and linear Hall 3 places opening magnet ring 2 opening parts.Concrete principle of work: the coil two ends seal between the series loop and header box of each solar panel of solar power system, the AD port that is connected to CPU by linear Hall output analog data is sampled, gather to main frame by RS485 or RS232 port current data again each series loop
When solar panel generates electricity, produce electric current in coil, owing to coil is around on the opening magnet ring, because the function of current is in the inner magnetic field that produces of opening magnet ring, electric current is big more, magnetic field is also strong more, and wire circle is big more, and magnetic field is also strong more, linear Hall is subjected to the induction in magnetic field, just export certain voltage, magnetic field is strong more, and voltage is also big more.For the generation current of the solar components that makes different current ranges can both accurately be measured, be provided with the current sensor of 16 kinds of different wire circles, its maximum electric current of measuring does not wait (the generating maximum current of general solar module is no more than 10A) from 1A-16A.By these sensors, can accurately measure the generation current of different current range solar components.RS485 or RS232 communication interface external 485 or 232 buses.Address is provided with switch and current range grade and switch is set can adopts the mode of DIP switch or wire jumper to carry out hardware setting, the address that address is provided with switch adopts 8 bit switches, makes main frame on RS485 or 232 buses can distinguish the slave more than 250.The current range grade is provided with switch and adopts 4 bit switches to set, at 16 kinds of current ranges setting on the slave that different range current sensors have been installed between the 0-15.Address is provided with switch and current range grade and switch is set all links to each other with the IO port of CPU.CPU adopts a kind of 51 series monolithics of general band AD sample port, such single-chip microcomputer have cost low, use characteristics such as wide, carry the serial communication interface, an external RS485 or 232 communication modules can with extraneous communication.
Slave module controls software work principle: CPU establishes 8 registers altogether and is used to deposit the current value of sampling, regularly per 5 second the once sampling electric current, deposit in successively in 8 registers, the 9th time sampled value is deposited since No. 1 register again, cover old value, adopt this way, making what preserve in these 8 registers is 8 times nearest sampled values forever.When main frame is asked for, send the mean value of 8 samplings and the current range value that this slave is set, the unitary sampling error that reduces greatly.
Send when stopping sample command when slave receives main frame, the CPU timer stops timing, and stops the sample rate current data, send beginning during sample command up to receiving main frame, just recover operate as normal, in this way, greatly reduce the useless energy consumption that total system is produced night.
Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the main machine structure synoptic diagram that the present invention relates to.As seen from Figure 3, main frame is made up of CPU, storer, clock chip, loudspeaker, LCD, keyboard, RS485 communication interface, environment sampling interface and network interface.TMS320LF2407DSP under the C2000 platform that CPU employing TI company releases, compare with traditional CPU, this chip has characteristics such as handling property is better, the peripheral hardware integrated level is higher, program storage is bigger, the A/D slewing rate is faster, can easily realize needed computing of main frame and control function; Storer adopts the serial ports FLASH storer of 4M, is connected with the SPI module that CPU carries, and is used for some parameters (some parameters of system node number, communication and network facet) and the system's operation troubles record more than 20000 of saved system; Clock chip adopts the DS1232 chip to be connected with two universaling I/O ports of CPU, carries out serial data exchange, is used for providing a time reference to system, adopts power module and backup battery dual power supply (continuing operation in order to system time behind the mains failure); The universaling I/O port of loudspeaker by CPU drives triode and controls, and is used for reminding the staff to go to inquire about relevant abnormalities information when detecting output alarm sound when generating electricity data exception in system's operational process with this; LCD adopts the module of 128*64 dot matrix, be connected to the bus of CPU, be used for a few thing state, data, failure message of display system etc., cooperate keyboard to use and offer client's one personal-machine interface, allow the user come some systematic parameters such as initialization system time, node number; CPU adopts the SCI module that carries to link to each other with outside 485 or 232 buses by the RS485 communication interface, realizes the communication between main frame and the slave, thereby obtains the current data of sampling from every slave; Environment sampling interface be mainly used to the to sample temperature, radiant quantity etc. of external environment mainly are made up of some signal adjustment circuits and signal amplification circuit, realize the sampling of environmental sensor by the AD sample port of CPU; Network interface is mainly used to provide an external interface of system, can pass through this interface and distance host (computer) communication, realizes the remote monitoring of solar electrical energy generation data.The W5100 chip that this interface adopts WIZnet company to produce, W5100 is a multi-functional monolithic network interface chip, with CPU two kinds of connected modes are arranged, (parallel or serial port), inside is integrated with 10/100 ethernet controller, be mainly used in high integrated, high stable, high-performance and cheaply in the embedded system, W5100 is inner integrated ICP/IP protocol stack, ethernet medium transport layer (MAC) and Physical layer (PHY).Hardware ICP/IP protocol stack is supported TCP, UDP, and IPv4, ICMP, ARP, IGMP and PPPoE, W5100 inside also is integrated with the 16KB storer and is used for data transmission.Use W5100 not need to consider the control of Ethernet, only need carry out simple port (Socket) programming.Easily realize the remote data transmission.
The system works principle:
In a power station, have individual or several thousand series loops of hundreds of, a main frame can link to each other with 250 slaves simultaneously, inquiry slave sampled data, (main frame adds that all coupled slaves are called a subsystem), so, when series loop more for a long time, may need a plurality of subsystems to insert simultaneously, these subsystems can insert same remote server by network interface separately, by main frame the monitoring of generating uniform data are carried out in whole power station.
After dispatching from the factory, system before normal operation, must set some necessary parameter, as current time, query time interval, slave quantity, this machine IP address, select journey host IP address etc., slave is when mounted by configuring the address of slave (in the same subsystem in proper order from small to large, the address is provided with maximum address 250 since 1; Surpass at 250 o'clock, remaining slave is inserted another subsystem).
Adopt serial ports multi computer communication pattern before main frame and the slave, address 00 and 255 broadcasting commands as main frame, 00 all slaves of order stop sampling, and 255 all slaves of order begin sampling.
In a subsystem, main frame is every the current data (the concrete time interval can be set adjustment) of 1 minute inquiry slave sampling, and querying method is a polling method, supposes that a main frame is connected with the 1-50 slave, and concrete operations are as follows:
Main frame sends earlier address 1, waits for No. 1 the slave returned data, receives the current data that No. 1 slave transmits again, sends address 2 again ... analogize in proper order, up to No. 50 slave poll-finals.
Claims (2)
1. solar generation monitoring and alarming system, it is characterized in that described system comprises main frame, slave and environmental sensor, adopt RS485 or RS232 bus to be connected between main frame and the slave, the AD sample port by host CPU between environmental sensor and the main frame is connected;
Described slave comprises current sensor, RS485 or RS232 communication module, address is provided with switch, the current range grade is provided with switch and slave CPU, current sensor comprises coil, opening magnet ring and linear Hall, coil is around on the opening magnet ring, linear Hall places opening magnet ring opening part, the coil two ends seal between the series loop and header box of each solar panel of solar power system, the AD port that is connected to slave CPU by linear Hall output analog data is sampled, described current sensor is the current sensor that is provided with 16 kinds of different wire circles, its maximum electric current of measuring does not wait from 1A-16A, at 16 kinds of current ranges setting on the slave that different range current sensors have been installed between the 0-15, described address is provided with switch and current range grade and switch is set all links to each other with the IO port of slave CPU, RS485 or RS232 communication module external 485 or 232 buses, described slave CPU adopts a kind of 51 series monolithics of general band AD sample port, this slave CPU carries the serial communication interface, an external RS485 or 232 communication modules, described slave CPU establishes 8 registers altogether and is used to deposit the current value of sampling, regularly per 5 second the once sampling electric current, deposit in successively in 8 registers, the 9th time sampled value is deposited since No. 1 register again, covers old value;
Described main frame comprises host CPU, storer, clock chip, loudspeaker, LCD, keyboard, the RS485 communication interface, environment sampling interface and network interface, TMS320LF2407DSP under the C2000 platform that host CPU employing TI company releases, storer adopts the serial ports FLASH storer of 4M, be connected with the SPI module that host CPU carries, clock chip adopts the DS1232 chip to be connected with two universaling I/O ports of host CPU, carry out serial data exchange, adopt power module and backup battery dual power supply, loudspeaker is controlled by a universaling I/O port driving triode of host CPU, LCD adopts the module of 128*64 dot matrix, be connected to the bus of host CPU, host CPU adopts the SCI module that carries to link to each other with outside 485 or 232 buses by the RS485 communication interface, realize the communication between main frame and the slave, environment sampling interface is realized the sampling of environmental sensor by the AD sample port of host CPU, the W5100 chip that network interface adopts WIZnet company to produce, with host CPU two kinds of connected modes of parallel or serial port are arranged, network interface inside is integrated with 10/100 ethernet controller, the inner integrated ICP/IP protocol stack of W5100, ethernet medium transport layer and Physical layer, W5100 inside also is integrated with the 16KB storer.
2. a kind of solar generation monitoring and alarming system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described address is provided with switch and current range grade and switch is set adopts the mode of DIP switch or wire jumper to carry out hardware setting, the address that address is provided with switch adopts 8 bit switches, and the current range grade is provided with switch and adopts 4 bit switches to set.
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