CN101644304B - Metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metal base firing brake block with a double-layer structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The brake block is a double-layer structure, one layer is a surface layer which is made of low abrasion resistant material, and the other layer is a basement layer which is made of high abrasion resistant material; the top surface of the surface layer is a friction surface, the other surface is connected with a surface of the basement layer, and the other surface of the basement layer is connected with a bottom plate or a bottom plate accessory; and the components of the surface layer and the basement layer are different, but both are metal base firing friction materials which employs copper base or iron base metal as matrix and contains a friction constituent element and a lubricating constituent element. When being applied to the manufacturing of brake pads, the metal base firing brake block can avoid the long-term existence of local high stress area in the friction braking process, thereby greatly decreasing hot-spot phenomenon, and achieving the purposes of improving the braking force and prolonging the life span of friction pairs. The brake block with the dual-layer structure is particularly applicable to the manufacturing of the brake pads and brake shoes for railway vehicles.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to friction material manufacturing technology field, particularly the metal base firing brake block manufacturing process is particularly useful for making railway vehicle brake pad and brake shoe.
Background technique:
The friction catch product is the critical component of break, clutch, is widely used in the movable machineries such as means of transportation such as automobile, motorcycle, train, aircraft and oil drilling, wind-power electricity generation.In braking, the friction pair that the friction catch parts constitute reaches the purpose that moving vehicle and equipment are stopped by the energy of phase mutual friction consumption moving vehicle or equipment.Kinetic energy raising along with moving vehicle and equipment, the service condition of friction catch parts is more harsh, especially makes the field at bullet train, and brake friction pair need be realized braking function under the high temperature and high speed condition, therefore, the working environment of friction means worsens with the speed raising of train.On the other hand, reduce stopping distance for the braking force that improves train, people improve constantly the area of pressure, friction factor and the brake lining of friction pair again, simultaneously, for improving the working life of friction means (brake block or brake pad), the wear resistance of the material of selecting for use improves constantly.In this case, some new contradictions display again, as, with the increase of friction pair area, two large-area planes contact the difficulty increase of engagement fully, and this often needs mutual break-in a period of time of friction pair just can realize.Therefore, in the period of adjustment, the area of contact of rubbing surface experienced one by local zonule to the process that enlarges gradually.Friction process be in area of contact less during, the brake load that applies acts on the less zone of area fully, make the pressure of contact mesh regional be in state far above design pressure, wear resistance increase when material, this period of adjustment increases thereupon, when the brake load height, the pressure of the contact mesh regional of friction pair increases.Like this, in this period of adjustment, local contact area is in the high pressure Frotteurism, forms localized hyperthermia's state, and localized hyperthermia has caused the expansion in this zone, has aggravated high-temperature high-pressure state again, thereby has formed " hot spot " in this zone.Hot spot is to cause friction pair be full of cracks to occur and the major reason of damage, and therefore, with the wear resistance raising of material, the hot spot problem becomes increasingly conspicuous.For addressing this problem, U. S. Patent 5,934,418 and European patent EP 1318321 all regulate area of contact by the method that on the base plate of brake lining, increases spherical mechanism or resilient pad, play the effect that reduces hot spot, thereby reach the purpose of improving braking force, improving the friction pair life-span.Yet the problem that this method is brought is the complexity that has increased brake pad base plate mechanism greatly, and manufacture cost is significantly increased, and has increased the weight of brake pad, and this is disadvantageous to reducing vehicle weight.Simultaneously, this mode that increases controlling mechanism on base plate only can realize the adjusting to single brake slipper, and when the difference of area of contact appeared between different brake slipper, then regulating action was little, in fact, the maximum differential of area of contact often shows between non-conterminous brake slipper.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure and manufacturing process, this brake slipper has double layer construction, double-layer structure is made up of two kinds of different materials of component, be to make the good friction material of one deck metastatic,, realize the large size contact engagement of rubbing surface fast by the transfer of this layer material in Friction Disk Surface, thereby avoid the long-term existence of the local region of high stress, significantly reduce the hot spot phenomenon, reach and improve braking force, increase the purpose in friction pair life-span.
The technological scheme that the present invention is adopted for achieving the above object is: a kind of metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure, brake slipper are double layer construction, and one deck is the top layer, and by low high-abrasive material manufacturing, another layer is a basic unit, by the high abrasion resisting material manufacturing; The end face on top layer is a rubbing surface, and another face is connected with a face of basic unit, and another face of basic unit is connected with base plate or base plate annex; The composition of top layer and base material has difference, but is the metal base firing friction material, and it is matrix that the metal base firing friction material adopts copper base or ferrous metals, contains friction constituent element and lubricant component.
The friction factor of described top layer and basic unit all is in the same wave range, and the transfer of material at friction surface can be realized in the top layer between running-in period, makes to realize the rapid large-area engagement between friction pair, and the frictional behaviour of basic unit satisfies the braking ability requirement.
The metal base firing friction material of described formation brake slipper top layer and basic unit, the component content of its metallic matrix are 50-85%wt, and the component content of friction constituent element is 4-20%wt, and the component content of lubricant component is 5-20%wt.
In the described copper base sintered friction material, the copper base is copper or Cuprum alloy, contains at least a in iron, tin, aluminium, the chromium element; In the iron-based sintered friction material, iron-based is iron or low carbon ferroalloy, contains at least a in copper, nickel, tin, aluminium, chromium, the manganese element.
Described friction constituent element is from Al
2O
3, SiO
2, select among the SiC, ferrochrome, cemented carbide, mullite, aluminium borate, barium sulphate, natural silica, calcium carbonate at least a.
Described lubricant component graphite or molybdenum disulfide or the combination of the two.
Described top layer is compared with basic unit, the low 1-50%wt of parent metal content in the top layer, the high 1-40%wt of lubricant component content.
Describedly be tonsure by the top layer to the composition transition of basic unit and distribute, perhaps be jump type and change.
There are junction plane in described top layer and basic unit, and on junction plane, the connection of the metallic matrix of two layers of material is a metallurgy combination.
Described skin-material and base material are prepared respectively and are mixed according to component ratio separately, and skin-material can be divided into the 1-3 group, and the composition in each group has difference.
The thickness on described top layer is 1-5mm, and the thickness of basic unit is 10-30mm.
Described double layer construction brake slipper method for making, the powder branch precedence of respectively organizing with heterogeneity that mixes is packed into to be pressed in the mould and is had a double-deck integral workblank;
The integral workblank that is pressed into is inserted and is carried out pressure sintering in the mould, and sintering carries out under reducing atmosphere or vacuum condition, and sintering pressure is 2-50MPa, and sintering can carry out in resistance-heated furnace, also can adopt the straight heating and mould pressing sinter molding of electric current method.
When described molding sintering carried out in resistance-heated furnace, for copper-based sintering material, sintering temperature was 780-1000 ℃, and holding time is 30-100 minute, and for iron based material, sintering temperature is 900-1500 ℃, and holding time is 30-120 minute.
When described molding sintering carries out in the straight heating and mould pressing sintering furnace of electric current, blank is exerted pressure, pressure raises with the blank temperature and increases gradually.For copper-based sintering material, sintering temperature is 700-900 ℃, and holding time is 1-20 minute, and for iron based material, sintering temperature is 900-1500 ℃, and holding time is 2-20 minute.
The manufacturing process of double layer construction brake slipper of the present invention is powder stock mixing, compression moulding, molding sintering moulding.Top layer (low wearing layer material) and basic unit's (high antifriction layer material) basis component ratio are separately prepared respectively and are mixed.After the mixing, it is smooth at first the high antifriction layer powder stock to be inserted in the mould compacting, will hang down the wearing layer powder stock again and pack in the mould, continue compacting, make two kinds of material powders be pressed into an integral body, the blank that suppresses carries out molding sintering, forms double-deck brake slipper.
Brake slipper of the present invention is a double layer construction, and one deck is the top layer, is made up of low wear-resisting material, can realize the quick transfer of material, plays the effect that high point is filled up low spot and made the engagement of friction pair realization rapid large-area of cutting down.Another layer is a basic unit, is made up of the high wear resistance material, has the friction and wear behavior that satisfies brake request.This double layer construction friction plate has following advantage: 1. friction plate structure is simple, low cost of manufacture; 2. the adjustment range of area of contact is big, is not subjected to the restriction of brake slipper quantity; 3. running-in time is short, and the partial high pressure time is short, can significantly reduce hot spot and occur; 4. base plate takes up room for a short time, can allow to increase the brake slipper height, and this has increased the permission wear height of brake slipper, thereby has prolonged the service time of friction plate.
The present invention is particularly useful for making railway vehicle brake pad or brake shoe, can obviously reduce the period of adjustment, improves braking ability, increases the working life of brake lining or brake shoe, reduces the degree of wear of brake disc.Hereinafter provide at making brake pad, the present invention proposes has double-deck brake slipper and manufacturing process.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the plan view of railway vehicle brake pad.
Fig. 2 is the sectional drawing of brake slipper on the brake lining.
Fig. 3 is the manufacturing process flow diagram of double layer construction brake slipper.
Fig. 4 is the variation of double layer construction and single layer structure brake slipper friction area.
Fig. 5 is double layer construction and single layer structure brake slipper variation of temperature.
Fig. 6 is the variation of double layer construction and single layer structure brake slipper friction factor.
Embodiment:
In conjunction with last Fig. 1-6, introduce the present invention in detail.
Embodiment 1
As Fig. 1, the railway vehicle brake pad is by base plate 1 and be fixed on the base plate 1 one or several brake slipper 2 and constitute.Brake slipper 2 is formed double layer construction by top layer 3 and basic unit 4, and the thickness on top layer 3 is 1-5mm, and basic unit 4 is 10-30mm.Top layer 3 is made by low wear-resisting material, and basic unit 4 is made by the high wear resistance material.The junction plane of two interlayers is a metallurgy combination.The upper surface on top layer 3 is a rubbing surface, and the lower surface of basic unit 4 is connected with base plate or base plate annex (not marking among the figure).
The composition of double layer material has difference, but friction factor all is in the same wave range.
The material of the brake slipper of being made up of top layer 3 and basic unit 4 is the metal base firing friction material.The metal base firing friction material can be the copper base, also can be iron-based.It is to be matrix with the metal, adds friction constituent element and lubricant component, and wherein the component content of metallic matrix is 50-85%wt, and the component content of friction constituent element is 4-20%wt, and the component content of lubricant component is 5-20%wt.In the copper base friction material, the copper base is copper or Cuprum alloy, can contain iron, tin, chromium, aluminium etc.In the iron-based friction material, iron-based is iron or low carbon ferroalloy, can contain copper, nickel, tin, aluminium, chromium, manganese etc.The friction constituent element is Al2O3, SiO2, SiC, ferrochrome, cemented carbide, mullite, aluminium borate, barium sulphate, natural silica, calcium carbonate etc.Lubricant component is graphite, molybdenum disulfide etc.Top layer (low wearing layer material) 3 is compared with basic unit's (high antifriction layer material) 4, and top layer parent metal content hangs down 1-50%wt, the high 1-40%wt of lubricant component content.Composition between two layers of material changes can become the tonsure distribution, also can become jump type to change.
Fig. 3 has illustrated the manufacturing process flow diagram of brake slipper: raw material powder is mixed respectively, and the powder stock that mixes is put into mould inner pressure successively and is made type, carries out the molding sintering moulding subsequently, thereby obtains the brake slipper product.
The first step: become assignment system: for top layer 3, according to its composition, can be divided into the 1-3 group, if preparation is more than 1 group, the composition difference between on the same group is not: parent metal has the difference of 1-30%, and lubricant component has the difference of 1-20%.For basic unit 4,, be mixed with one group of raw material according to its composition.
Second step: mix: to 3 the one-tenths branch preparations in foundation top layer respectively organize raw material, mix respectively, obtain the mixed-powder that each is organized; The powder of basic unit 4 to preparation mixes, and obtains the mixed-powder of basic unit 4.
The 3rd step: compacting: at first the mixed-powder with basic unit 4 adds in the mould, suppress smooth, again with top layer 3 respectively organize mixed-powder according to the content of the constituent element that wherein rubs from high to low branch precedence add in the mould, the mixed-powder that promptly adds high friction constituent element content earlier, suppress smooth after, add the lower mixed-powder of friction constituent element content more successively, after the compacting, two kinds of powder stocks on basic unit 4 and top layer 3 form an integral blank.
The 4th step: the blank that suppresses is inserted and is carried out molding sintering in the sintering furnace, molding sintering carries out under reducing atmosphere or vacuum condition, sintering pressure is 2-50MPa, and sintering can carry out in resistance-heated furnace, also can adopt the straight heating and mould pressing sinter molding of electric current method.
Sintering in resistance-heated furnace is inserted the cold compaction molded blank in the stove together with mould, feeds hydrogen and nitrogen in the stove, or starts vacuum system, and to the blank 2-5MPa that exerts pressure.For copper-based sintering material, sintering temperature is 780-1000 ℃, and holding time is 30-100 minute, and for iron based material, sintering temperature is 900-1500 ℃, and holding time is 30-120 minute.
In the straight heating and mould pressing sintering furnace of electric current, mould is inserted in the stove together with blank, feed hydrogen and nitrogen in the stove, or startup vacuum system, then, blank is applied low voltage (voltage 3-15V), big electric current (10-200A), simultaneously, to the blank 4-50MPa that exerts pressure, pressure raises with the blank temperature and increases gradually.For copper-based sintering material, sintering temperature is 700-900 ℃, and holding time is 1-20 minute, and for iron based material, sintering temperature is 800-1500 ℃, and holding time is 2-20 minute.Obtain double-deck brake slipper behind the sintering.
Embodiment 2:
The composition on preparation top layer 3 is divided into two groups with top layer 3, and first group composition is: copper powder 55%, iron powder 21%, SiO
27%, graphite 17%.Second group composition is: copper powder 58%, aluminium powder 2%, iron powder 17%, Al
2O
31%, SiO
27%, graphite 15%.The composition of basic unit 4, copper powder 58%, aluminium powder 3%, iron powder 16%, glass putty 3%, Al
2O
32%, SiO
210%, graphite 8%.
Three compositions of being prepared are divided, mix respectively, obtain the mixed-powder of each group.
At first the mixed-powder of basic unit 4 is put into mould, under the pressure of 100MPa, suppress 5-10 second, to suppress punch withdraws from from mould, again second group of mixed-powder on top layer 3 put into mould, carry out the compacting second time, subsequently, first group of mixed-powder on top layer 3 put into mould, suppress for the third time, obtain the cold compaction blank.
The cold compaction blank is inserted in the mould, put into resistance-heated furnace, feed protective atmosphere, sintering pressure is 3MPa, and sintering temperature is 820 ℃, is incubated 1 hour.Cool to 100 ℃ with the furnace and come out of the stove, make brake slipper.
Under the similarity condition, adopt the mixed-powder of basic unit 4, make the brake slipper of single structure by compacting, sintering.With two kinds of brake slipper on GF150D type fixed speed fricting test machine, carry out CROCKING TEST, test result such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, as seen, increase with friction time, the friction area of the double layer construction brake slipper that the present invention proposes increases fast, and friction temperature decreases, and it is stable that friction factor reaches fast.
The composition on preparation top layer 3 is divided into three groups with top layer 3, and first group composition is: copper powder 55%, iron powder 20%, SiO
24%, mullite 3%, molybdenum disulfide 3%, graphite 15%.Second group composition is: copper powder 57%, glass putty 5%, iron powder 15%, Al
2O
31%, SiO
24%, mullite 3%, molybdenum disulfide 1%, graphite 14%.The 3rd group composition is: copper powder 60%, aluminium powder 5%, iron powder 15%, ferrochrome 2%, mullite 2%, graphite 16%.The composition of basic unit 4, copper powder 65%, aluminium powder 3%, iron powder 10%, glass putty 3%, ferrochrome 4%, mullite 2%, graphite 13%.
With top layer 3 is one group, and its composition is: copper powder 50%, iron powder 25%, calcium carbonate 7%, mullite 2%, molybdenum disulfide 1%, graphite 15%.The composition of basic unit 4, copper powder 65%, chromium powder 2%, iron powder 10%, glass putty 1%, cemented carbide 3%, mullite 2%, ferrochrome 2%, graphite 15%.
Embodiment 5
The composition on preparation top layer 3 is divided into one group with top layer 3, and its composition is: iron powder 50%, copper powder 24%, mullite 10%, molybdenum disulfide 1%, graphite 15%.The composition of basic unit 4, iron powder 63%, chromium powder 2%, copper powder 20%, cemented carbide 2%, mullite 3%, ferrochrome 2%, graphite 8%.
Through experiment, the friction area of the obtained double layer construction brake slipper of above embodiment increases fast, and friction temperature decreases, and it is stable that friction factor reaches fast.
Claims (10)
1. metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure, it is characterized in that: brake slipper is a double layer construction, and one deck is the top layer, and by low high-abrasive material manufacturing, another layer is a basic unit, by the high abrasion resisting material manufacturing; The end face on top layer is a rubbing surface, and another face is connected with a face of basic unit, and another face of basic unit is connected with base plate or base plate annex; The composition of top layer and base material has difference, but is the metal base firing friction material, and it is matrix that the metal base firing friction material adopts copper base or ferrous metals, contains friction constituent element and lubricant component.
2. metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the friction factor of top layer and basic unit all is in the same wave range, the transfer of material at friction surface can be realized in the top layer between running-in period, make and realize the rapid large-area engagement between friction pair, the frictional behaviour of basic unit satisfies the braking ability requirement.
3. metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the metal base firing friction material of top layer and basic unit, the component content of its metallic matrix is 50-85%wt, the component content of friction constituent element is 4-20%wt, the component content of lubricant component is 5-20%wt, and the friction constituent element is from Al
2O
3, SiO
2, select among the SiC, ferrochrome, cemented carbide, mullite, aluminium borate, barium sulphate, natural silica, calcium carbonate at least a; Lubricant component is graphite or molybdenum disulfide or the two combination.
4. according to the arbitrary described metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: in the copper base sintered friction material, the copper base is copper or Cuprum alloy, contains at least a in iron, tin, aluminium, the chromium element;
In the iron-based sintered friction material, iron-based is iron or low carbon ferroalloy, contains at least a in copper, nickel, tin, aluminium, chromium, the manganese element.
5. according to the arbitrary described metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: by top layer (3) composition transition distribution gradient to basic unit (4), perhaps being jump type changes, there is junction plane in top layer (3) with basic unit (4), on junction plane, the connection of the metallic matrix of two layers of material is a metallurgy combination.
6. metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: top layer (3) are compared with basic unit (4), and the parent metal content on top layer hangs down 1-50%wt, the high 1-40%wt of lubricant component content.
7. metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: top layer (3) material and basic unit (4) material are prepared respectively and are mixed according to component ratio separately, and top layer (3) material is divided into the 1-3 group, and the composition in each group has difference.
8. metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the thickness of top layer (3) is 1-5mm, and the thickness of basic unit (4) is 10-30mm.
9. the method for making of claim 1 or 2 described metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure is characterized in that: the powder branch precedence of respectively organizing with heterogeneity that mixes is packed into to be pressed in the mould and is had a double-deck integral workblank;
The integral workblank that is pressed into is inserted and is carried out pressure sintering in the mould, and sintering carries out under reducing atmosphere or vacuum condition, and sintering pressure is 2-50MPa, and sintering can carry out in resistance-heated furnace, also can adopt the straight heating and mould pressing sinter molding of electric current method.
10. the method for making of metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: when molding sintering carried out in resistance-heated furnace, for copper-based sintering material, sintering temperature was 780-1000 ℃, and holding time is 30-100 minute; For iron based material, sintering temperature is 900-1500 ℃, and holding time is 30-120 minute;
When molding sintering carries out in the straight heating and mould pressing sintering furnace of electric current, blank is exerted pressure, pressure raises with the blank temperature and increases gradually, and for copper-based sintering material, sintering temperature is 700-900 ℃, and holding time is 1-20 minute; For iron based material, sintering temperature is 900-1500 ℃, and holding time is 2-20 minute.
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| CN2009101872571A CN101644304B (en) | 2009-09-04 | 2009-09-04 | Metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN2009101872571A CN101644304B (en) | 2009-09-04 | 2009-09-04 | Metal base firing brake block with double-layer structure and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN101644304B true CN101644304B (en) | 2011-11-16 |
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Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102401051B (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2014-12-03 | 北京天宜上佳新材料有限公司 | Powder metallurgical brake shoe for railway locomotive |
| CN102011043B (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-25 | 北京瑞斯福科技有限公司 | Preparation method of powder metallurgy material for train brake pad |
| DE102011111300A1 (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-02-28 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Process for producing a semifinished product for electrical contacts and contact piece |
| CN102367526B (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2013-02-27 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing evenly dispersed metal matrix composite friction material through mechanical alloying |
| CN103785824B (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2017-05-03 | 北京优材百慕航空器材有限公司 | Powder metallurgy friction pair for braking of heavy-load vehicle and preparation technology thereof |
| CN104525949B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2017-07-07 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of copper-based composite friction material of high abrasion and preparation method thereof |
| CN107321983B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-02-15 | 北京科技大学 | A method of adjusting powder metallurgy copper base friction material porosity and pore structure |
| CN107326205B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2018-11-06 | 北京科技大学 | A method of powder metallurgy copper base friction material is prepared with cohesion technique |
| CN107267800B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-03-26 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of the equally distributed copper base friction material of Fe phase |
| CN108757786A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-06 | 北京天宜上佳高新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of friction material and the brake block formed by its preparation and preparation method |
| CN109136627A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-04 | 北京天宜上佳高新材料股份有限公司 | Magnetic suspension train friction material and its preparation method and application |
| CN109266896B (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-01-14 | 北京天仁道和新材料有限公司 | Gradient friction body for braking of high-speed train and preparation method thereof |
| CN114309615B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-07-07 | 合肥波林新材料股份有限公司 | Iron-based double-layer sintered material and preparation method thereof |
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| GB833150A (en) * | 1957-04-24 | 1960-04-21 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Improvements in or relating to friction articles |
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